Article
Neurosciences
Tyler Bonnen, L. K. Daniel Yamins, D. Anthony Wagner
Summary: The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is involved in memory-related behaviors, while its role in perceptual processing, particularly the involvement of the perirhinal cortex (PRC), has been a subject of debate. By utilizing a deep learning framework to simulate visual behaviors supported by the ventral visual stream (VVS) without PRC, the study found similarities between VVS-modeled and PRC-lesioned behaviors, but both were outperformed by participants with an intact PRC. This research resolves decades of inconsistent findings by situating lesion, electrophysiological, and behavioral results within a shared computational framework.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Martina Canatelli-Mallat, Priscila Chiavellini, Marianne Lehmann, Rodolfo Gustavo Goya, Gustavo Ramon Morel
Summary: Ageing is associated with impaired recognition memory. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of female rats at different ages to retain long-term recognition memory. The results showed that spatial discrimination capacity could be affected earlier than feature discrimination capacity. Furthermore, neurogenesis depletion in the Dentate Gyrus and microglial disruption in the perirhinal cortex were associated with memory deficits.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Karina Glushchak, Alexandria Ficarro, Timothy J. Schoenfeld
Summary: The study suggests that adolescence is more sensitive to high-fat diet, with long-lasting effects on hippocampal function, while perirhinal cortex function can recover. Stress and diet have differential effects on object preference based on test type, showing variability in their impacts.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Katie M. Lavigne, Delphine Raucher-Chene, Michael D. Bodnar, Carolina Makowski, Ridha Joober, Ashok Malla, Alan C. Evans, Martin Lepage
Summary: This study found distinct structural brain changes associated with persistent negative symptoms (PNS) in the left medial temporal lobe (MTL) and suggests that basal ganglia alterations may contribute to PNS regardless of their etiology. Reductions in left MTL volume were most evident after 1 year of treatment, highlighting the importance of targeted early interventions.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Cen Yang, He Chen, Yuji Naya
Summary: For living organisms, acquiring information about the external space is crucial for future actions. This review focuses on the brain mechanisms in nonhuman primates that link self-referenced and allocentric spatial representations. It proposes two types of neural substrates - view-center background signals and hippocampal neurons' dynamic activity - that facilitate the translation of stored location memory from an allocentric frame to a first-person perspective.
Article
Neurosciences
Marco de Curtis, Laura Librizzi, Laura Uva
Summary: Seizures affecting the limbic regions, such as the hippocampus, are common and often resistant to medication. This study examines the network mechanisms involved in the generation of olfactory-limbic epileptiform patterns and discusses the potential relevance of these findings for human focal epilepsy. The interactions within olfactory-limbic circuits, including region-specific seizure-like events and cortical control, are investigated using in vitro preparations and pro-convulsive drugs.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Julien Fiorilli, Jeroen J. Bos, Xenia Grande, Judith Lim, Emrah Duezel, Cyriel M. A. Pennartz
Summary: The perirhinal cortex plays a crucial role as a transition area between the sensory neocortex and the medial temporal lobe, involved not only in object coding and spatial processing, but also in solving feature ambiguity and processing complex stimuli. This brain region has the ability to merge different features into a single entity, flexibly deploying network circuits for various cognitive functions depending on behavioral demands.
Article
Neurosciences
Jennifer Brown, Ian Anton Oldenburg, Gregory Telian, Sandon Griffin, Mieke Voges, Vedant Jain, Hillel Adesnik
Summary: Active haptic sensation is crucial for object identification, with animals needing to summate input from multiple whiskers specifically along the whisker arc. Cortical neurons across whiskers encode each orientation, and acute optogenetic manipulation reveals that infragranular layers alone are insufficient to solve the task.
Article
Neurosciences
Heung-Yeol Lim, Jae-Rong Ahn, Inah Lee
Summary: The perirhinal cortex (PER) and postrhinal cortex (POR) are two distinct systems that process nonspatial and spatial information, respectively. However, recent research suggests that these two regions may exhibit functional overlap in goal-directed behavior. In a study involving rats, it was found that both PER and POR showed selective firing for object and scene stimuli, with a higher proportion of cells in POR firing selectively for specific choice responses. The firing patterns of PER and POR were best explained when considering both stimulus and response components, indicating that stimulus-selective cells in POR were more modulated by response, while response-selective cells in PER were more influenced by object information.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Nathan M. Holmes, Justine P. Fam, Kelly J. Clemens, Vincent Laurent, R. Fred Westbrook
Summary: This paper reviews the neural substrates of sensory preconditioning and second-order conditioning and discusses the similarities and differences in these conditioning protocols, as well as their contribution to our understanding of how the brain encodes and retrieves information.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Maria Garcia-Bonilla, Arjun Nair, Jason Moore, Leandro Castaneyra-Ruiz, Sarah H. Zwick, Ryan N. Dilger, Stephen A. Fleming, Rebecca K. Golden, Michael R. Talcott, Albert M. Isaacs, David D. Limbrick Jr, James P. McAllister II
Summary: This study found that acquired hydrocephalus caused morphological alterations, reduced neurogenesis, and increased reactive astrocytosis in the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thays Brenner Santos, Juliana Carlota Kramer-Soares, Cesar Augusto de Oliveira Coelho, Maria Gabriela Menezes Oliveira
Summary: This study investigates the effect of time intervals between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli in fear conditioning. By analyzing the functional network in rats, the study reveals the importance of amygdala and thalamic nuclei in temporal associations.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Su-Min Lee, Seung-Woo Jin, Seong-Beom Park, Eun-Hye Park, Choong-Hee Lee, Hyun-Woo Lee, Heung-Yeol Lim, Seung-Woo Yoo, Jae Rong Ahn, Jhoseph Shin, Sang Ah Lee, Inah Lee
Summary: The original dual-stream model cannot explain recent experimental results, leading to the proposal of the Goal-directed Interaction of Stimulus and Task-demand (GIST) model which suggests that input stimuli are first processed by the postrhinal and perirhinal cortices before being further processed through the medial or lateral entorhinal cortex based on navigational or non-navigational goals.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kelly L. McGuire, Oren Amsalem, Arthur U. Sugden, Rohan N. Ramesh, Jesseba Fernando, Christian R. Burgess, Mark L. Andermann
Summary: This study investigates how neurons in the Postrhinal cortex (POR) of mice encode objects across different contexts. The researchers found two classes of neurons with distinct characteristics. One class showed minimal response to cues before learning but exhibited selective responses to specific cues in the context of reward and locomotion after learning. The other class of neurons showed transient cue responses that were unaffected by reward learning and adapted over time.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Weipeng Jin, Jie Feng, Wenwei Zhu, Bin Zhang, Shuning Chen, Shiyu Wei, Pinchun Wang, Kun Deng, Yajie Wang, Manman Zhang, Shaofeng Yang, Hohjin Im, Qiang Wang
Summary: Positive affect (PA) is associated with individuals' psychological and physical health, as well as their cognitive processes. This study investigates the volume and functional characteristics of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and its subfields in relation to individual variability in PA. The results reveal that the prefrontal-occipital and limbic systems are associated with variability in PA at the whole-brain level, and the subfield of the perirhinal cortex (PRC) in the MTL plays a critical role in the formation of PA. Additionally, the functional connectivity between the PRC and the fronto-parietal-occipital system predicts PA.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aki Takahashi, Hossein Aleyasin, Mihaela A. Stavarache, Long Li, Flurin Cathomas, Lyonna F. Parise, Hsiao-Yun Lin, C. Joseph Burnett, Antonio Aubry, Meghan E. Flanigan, Anna Brancato, Caroline Menard, Madeline L. Pfau, Veronika Kana, Jun Wang, Georgia E. Hodes, Tetsuya Sasaki, Michael G. Kaplitt, Sonoko Ogawa, Bruce S. McEwen, Scott J. Russo
Summary: The study demonstrated the significant role of IL-1 beta in regulating aggression, showing that non-aggressive mice had higher levels of IL-1 beta in the DRN compared to aggressive mice, and pharmacological antagonism or gene knockdown of IL-1 receptors in the DRN increased aggressive behavior. This suggests that modulation of 5-HT neuronal activity by IL-1 beta signaling in the DRN controls the expression of aggressive behavior.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Fulvio Plescia, Pietro Salvago, Francesco Dispenza, Giuseppe Messina, Emanuele Cannizzaro, Francesco Martines
Summary: Vertigo is not a disease but a symptom of various syndromes and disorders that affect balance function. A fixed combination of cinnarizine and dimenhydrinate has been shown to effectively improve vertigo-related symptoms, with possible gender-specific effects. Further research is needed to explore the potential gender differences in pharmacological effects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Elisabetta Clementi, Michela Pizzoferrato, Giada Bianchetti, Anna Brancato, Beatrice Sampaolese, Giuseppe Maulucci, Giuseppe Tringali
Summary: This study demonstrates that Idebenone can protect retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative damage by modulating the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, suggesting its potential role in retinal epitheliopathies associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Emanuele Cannizzaro, Gianluca Lavanco, Valentina Castelli, Luigi Cirrincione, Danila Di Majo, Francesco Martines, Antonina Argo, Fulvio Plescia
Summary: In recent years, binge drinking has become common among adolescents, leading to changes in brain areas and addictive tendencies. This study evaluated the drinking patterns and nicotine use among high school students in Palermo, finding that both males and females drank heavily and used nicotine. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between alcohol consumption and nicotine use.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Luigi Cirrincione, Fulvio Plescia, Caterina Ledda, Venerando Rapisarda, Daniela Martorana, Guido Lacca, Antonina Argo, Stefania Zerbo, Ermanno Vitale, Denis Vinnikov, Emanuele Cannizzaro
Summary: The text discusses the severity of the global COVID-19 pandemic and different transmission routes, emphasizing the importance of personal protective measures and effective hygiene systems. Global companies and institutions are working to find ways to reduce the risk of infection to protect the health of employees.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ginevra Malta, Luigi Cirrincione, Fulvio Plescia, Marcello Campagna, Claudia Montagnini, Emanuele Cannizzaro
Summary: There is currently a lack of standardized protocol for medicolegal assessment of COVID-19 disease outcomes, necessitating further research and development of clear evaluation criteria to avoid legal disputes.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Anna Brancato, Valentina Castelli, Gianluca Lavanco, Cesare D'Amico, Salvatore Feo, Giuseppe Pizzolanti, Martin Kuchar, Carla Cannizzaro
Summary: The functioning of the nucleus accumbens (NAc), which is responsible for processing reward and aversive responses, can be compromised by alcohol binge drinking. This study investigated the effects of social stress on rats during withdrawal from binge-like alcohol exposure, and found abnormal behavioral, neuroendocrine, and molecular plasticity. The administration of cannabidiol (CBD) was able to rescue these effects, suggesting its potential therapeutic value in alcohol- and stress-related harms.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Valentina Castelli, Fulvio Plescia, Giuseppe Maniaci, Gianluca Lavanco, Giuseppe Pizzolanti, Anna Brancato, Carla Cannizzaro
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of alcohol binge drinking (ABD) among late adolescent students in Southern Italy and examined their psychological profile and drinking motives. The study also explored the effects of ABD in an animal model. The findings showed that ABD was a common pattern of alcohol consumption among high school students in Southern Italy and was associated with psychological problems, low resilience, and self-esteem.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Pietro Salvago, Angelo Immordino, Fulvio Plescia, Marianna Mucia, Andrea Albera, Francesco Martines
Summary: This study aimed to describe the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) risk factors in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) cohort, and found higher proportions of extremely preterm and extremely low-birthweight infants among SNHL children. Significant differences were also observed in auditory improvement based on the presence of hyperbilirubinemia, and the initial hearing threshold was found to be a predictor of auditory improvement.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Susana Cubillos, Olivia Engmann, Anna Brancato
Summary: This narrative review provides an up-to-date overview of the interplay between antidepressant treatment and BDNF signaling, emphasizing the impact of lifestyle choices on depression treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Anna Brancato, Valentina Castelli, Carla Cannizzaro, Giuseppe Tringali
Summary: Alcohol binge drinking during adolescence has negative impacts on affective behaviour and the development of neural substrates processing affective states. This study simulated adolescent binge-like alcohol exposure in male rats and examined its effects on various affective behaviours and neuropeptide levels in functionally relevant brain regions. The results showed that binge-like alcohol exposure during adolescence led to decreased weight gain, social preference, and active stress coping, as well as dysregulated neuropeptide levels in different brain regions. These findings suggest that neuropeptide-targeted interventions may be promising for addressing negative affect during prolonged withdrawal in young individuals.
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Valentina Castelli, Gianluca Lavanco, Salvatore Feo, Cesare D'Amico, Vincenzo Micale, Martin Kuchar, Fulvio Plescia, Anna Brancato, Carla Cannizzaro
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of prenatal exposure to THC on hippocampus-related cognitive functions and markers of neuroplasticity in adolescent male offspring. The findings revealed that prenatal THC exposure resulted in deficits in spatial and object recognition memory, as well as altered gene expression levels of hippocampal neuroplasticity markers.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Giuseppe Tringali, Gianluca Lavanco, Valentina Castelli, Giuseppe Pizzolanti, Martin Kuchar, Diego Curro, Carla Cannizzaro, Anna Brancato
Summary: Alcohol binge drinking in adolescents affects the CGRP signalling system, causing abnormal behavior and hormone secretion. Using a rat model, the study found that cannabidiol (CBD) could reduce alcohol consumption and rebalance the bio-behavioral abnormalities caused by binge drinking.
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Valentina Castelli, Gianluca Lavanco, Cesare D'Amico, Salvatore Feo, Giuseppe Tringali, Martin Kuchar, Carla Cannizzaro, Anna Brancato
Summary: This study found that prenatal exposure to THC, a component of cannabis, can lead to abnormal brain development and impair memory function, while the non-psychoactive component of cannabis, CBD, can mitigate this damage. The experiments showed that CBD can improve hippocampal memory function and regulate related signaling pathways, thus reducing the negative effects of THC on the brain. Therefore, we emphasize the urgency of avoiding cannabis use during pregnancy to prevent detrimental bio-behavioral outcomes in offspring.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Radwa H. Lutfy, Sherine Abdel Salam, Haitham S. Mohammed, Marwa M. Shakweer, Amina E. Essawy
Summary: Insufficient sleep is associated with impaired hypothalamic activity and declined attentional performance. This study found that near-infrared (NIR) laser therapy can alleviate the effects of sleep deprivation on the hypothalamus, enhance antioxidant status, suppress neuroinflammation, and regulate cellular activity.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Durmus Ali Aslanlar, Emin Fatih Visneci, Mehmet Oz, K. Esra Nurullahoglu Atalik
Summary: Mood disorders caused by chemotherapy have become more important as cancer patients' survival increases. This study used methotrexate to induce mood disorders in rats and found that treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can alleviate anxiety and depression-like behaviors, increase antioxidant capacity, reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and regulate brain chemistry. The findings suggest that NAC treatment could be an effective strategy in revising the treatment for individuals suffering from chemotherapy-induced mood disorders.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Yunfan Zhang, Yunbin Zhang, Zhuangfei Chen, Ping Ren, Yu Fu
Summary: This study systematically investigated the effects of extremely low intensity HF-rTMS on cognition in mice and found that 40 Hz rTMS significantly impaired exploratory behavior and spatial memory at both 10 mT and 1 mT conditions. Additionally, 40 Hz stimulation had remarkably different effects on exploratory behavior depending on intensity, compared to 10 Hz stimulation.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xuan Xuan, Guangling Zheng, Wenjia Zhu, Qionghua Sun, Yawei Zeng, Juan Du, Xusheng Huang
Summary: This study examines the functional characteristics of the cerebellum in individuals with sALS and their correlation with clinical data. The results show changes in both local and global functional connectivity in the cerebellum of sALS patients, suggesting a pathophysiological role of the cerebellum in sALS.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Mehdi Rezaei, Mohammad Mahdi Shariat Bagheri
Summary: This study examined the efficacy of tDCS for PTSD and related symptoms, as well as the factors that may predict response to tDCS. The results showed that tDCS had a positive effect in reducing symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and anhedonia. The severity of symptoms at baseline may also predict the response to tDCS.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Huimin Wu, Yiqun Guo, Yaoyao Zhang, Le Zhao, Cheng Guo
Summary: Aggression can have serious consequences, but little is known about its personality and neurological origins in children. This study investigated the relationship between self-esteem, aggression, and brain structure in healthy children, and found that self-esteem was negatively associated with aggression. The study also revealed that increased cortical thickness in certain brain areas may be a potential mechanism linking low self-esteem to aggression in children.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xinmei Deng, Kexin Chen, Xiaoming Chen, Lin Zhang, Mingping Lin, Xiaoqing Li, Qiufeng Gao
Summary: Parental involvement affects the relationship and communication between parents and adolescents. This study found that high parental involvement is associated with stronger brain-to-brain synchrony during shared positive emotional experiences, while low parental involvement is associated with stronger synchrony during shared negative emotional experiences.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xin Deng, I. -Shuo Huang, Kourtlin Williams, Marcy L. Wainwright, Paul Zimba, Riccardo Mozzachiodi
Summary: Food deprivation can lead to neurological dysfunctions, including memory impairment. This study used Aplysia as an animal model to investigate the memory deficits caused by prolonged food deprivation. The results showed that 14 days of food deprivation decreased the level of 5-HT in the hemolymph, which contributed to the lack of sensitization and its cellular correlates. However, exogenous application of 5-HT partially induced sensitization in the food deprived animals.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Ihori Kobayashi, Patrick A. Forcelli
Summary: The study found that intervention with the dual orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant did not have the expected effects on extinction memory and sleep. Higher percentages of REM sleep were associated with poorer extinction memory recall and stronger fear responses. Additionally, the fear extinction training protocol used in this study did not lead to complete fear extinction.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Jiyan Xu, Xinlu Chen, Shuai Liu, Ziqi Wei, Minhui Xu, Linhao Jiang, Xue Han, Liangyu Peng, Xiaoping Gu, Tianjiao Xia
Summary: This study investigated the effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on oxidative stress and cognitive function in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) mice. The results showed that NMN pretreatment reduced oxidative stress damage and alleviated cognitive impairment in POCD mice.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Song Liu, Qiang Wu, Liyue Wang, Cong Xing, Junrui Guo, Baicao Li, Hongpeng Ma, Hao Zhong, Mi Zhou, Shibo Zhu, Rusen Zhu, Guangzhi Ning
Summary: In this study, a systematic assessment indicator was developed to objectively evaluate hindlimb motor function recovery in rats after thoracic contusion SCI. By screening CatWalk XT gait parameters and using exploratory factor analysis, 38 suitable parameters for assessing motor function were identified. A reliable Coordinated Function Index (CFI) was proposed based on these parameters and simplified for improved assessment efficacy.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Kyosuke Shiga, Shota Miyaguchi, Yasuto Inukai, Naofumi Otsuru, Hideaki Onishi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on microscale learning in implicit motor tasks. Contrary to expectations, the results showed that the stimulation protocol had no significant effects on microscale learning, revealing a novel aspect of microscale learning in implicit motor tasks.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Cahide Aslan, Rahime Aslankoc, Ozlem Ozmen, Buse Nur Suluk, Oguzhan Kavrik, Nurhan Gumral
Summary: This study examined the negative effects of high fructose corn syrup on prefrontal cortex damage in adolescent rats, as well as the protective role of vitamin D.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Matin Baghani, Arad Bolouri-Roudsari, Reyhaneh Askari, Abbas Haghparast
Summary: The study suggests that the orexinergic system in the dentate gyrus region of the brain may act as an endogenous pain control system and a potential target for treating stress-related disorders.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sen Zhou, Yang Liu, Binbin Xue, Peigen Yuan
Summary: This study confirmed that low-dose Esketamine alleviates LPS-induced depressive symptoms by regulating the GSK-3 beta/NLRP3 pathway. Appropriate doses of Esketamine are essential for the treatment of depression in the clinical setting.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)