Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Rudy Foddis, Maria Franzini, Alessandra Bonotti, Riccardo Marino, Roberto Silvestri, Poupak Fallahi, Dante Chiappino, Michele Emdin, Aldo Paolicchi, Alfonso Cristaudo
Summary: This study evaluated the role of specific GGT fractional enzymatic activity patterns in the diagnosis of MPM and found a specific profile of GGT fractions activity significantly associated with MPM. Combining GGT activity with serum SMRP levels improved the diagnostic accuracy.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Ming Zhang, Zhongjian Xie, Haijiao Long, Kun Ren, Lianjie Hou, Yu Wang, Xiaodan Xu, Weixing Lei, Zhicheng Yang, Shakeel Ahmed, Han Zhang, Guojun Zhao
Summary: Early delineation of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques is crucial for prevention and treatment of cardio-cerebral vascular accidents. However, currently available imaging technologies have limitations. Nanoparticle technology is a promising diagnostic strategy for detecting hallmarks of vulnerable plaques.
MATERIALS TODAY BIO
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Roxana Mihaela Chiorescu, Mihaela Mocan, Andreea Ioana Inceu, Andreea Paula Buda, Dan Blendea, Sonia Irina Vlaicu
Summary: Atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations are the leading cause of death worldwide, mainly due to the rupture of vulnerable plaques and subsequent thrombosis. Traditional imaging methods are unreliable in predicting the risk of rupture, while intravascular imaging is an effective technique. This review summarizes the current literature on biomarkers for diagnosing vulnerable plaques, providing a foundation for risk stratification and treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yue Wang, Xin-yan Liu, Yue Wang, Wen-xin Zhao, Fa-dong Li, Peng-rong Guo, Qian Fan, Xiao-fan Wu
Summary: This study investigated the latent mechanism of NOX2-triggered vulnerable plaque development. The results showed that the NOX2-specific inhibitor GSK2795039 can prevent the formation of vulnerable plaques and enhance macrophage efferocytosis by regulating the MertK/PI3K/AKT pathway.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Martin Karl Schneider, James Wang, Aris Kare, Shaunak S. Adkar, Darren Salmi, Caitlin F. Bell, Tom Alsaigh, Dhananjay Wagh, John Coller, Aaron Mayer, Sarah J. Snyder, Alexander D. Borowsky, Steven R. Long, Maarten G. Lansberg, Gary K. Steinberg, Jeremy J. Heit, Nicholas J. Leeper, Katherine W. Ferrara
Summary: The study demonstrates the potential of near-infrared auto-photoacoustic (NIRAPA) imaging in detecting plaque components and differentiating stable and vulnerable plaques. The researchers also developed a methodology to combine molecular imaging with spatial transcriptomic and proteomic methods for a more comprehensive understanding of plaque characteristics.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Xueyu Wang, Yahong Fu, Zulong Xie, Muhua Cao, Wenbo Qu, Xiangwen Xi, Shan Zhong, Minghui Piao, Xiang Peng, Ying Jia, Lingbo Meng, Jinwei Tian
Summary: The study utilized Fbn1(C1039G+/-)LDLR(-/-) mice as a model for atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques, showing that these mice exhibited numerous features of human advanced atherosclerotic unstable plaques after being fed a high-fat diet. This novel model provides insights into the pathological and physiological mechanisms of advanced atherosclerotic unstable plaques.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Benjamin Bartlett, Herbert P. Ludewick, Silvia Lee, Shipra Verma, Roslyn J. Francis, Girish Dwivedi
Summary: This paper reviews the efficacy of different PET imaging radiotracers in characterizing and assessing the risk of vulnerable plaques in acute coronary syndrome. It also discusses the translational potential of novel radiotracers in animal studies and the challenges encountered in murine PET imaging.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shaoshen Wang, Xing Zhang, Yang Liu, Ying Wang, Na Sun, Jie Yin, Jieli Bao, Gege Liao, Dongye Li, Tongda Xu, Fenglei Gao
Summary: An innovative SAmOCP nanoprobe with versatile functions has been developed for precise diagnosis of vulnerable atherosclerosis (AS) plaques at the molecular level. The SAmOCP nanoprobes actively recognize foam cells and specifically target vulnerable AS plaques in vivo. By utilizing the enhanced localized surface plasmon resonance effects, the encapsulated liquid perfluoropentane (PFP) can transform into abundant microbubbles, enabling greatly enhanced ultrasonic imaging capacity. The SAmOCP nanoprobes exhibit a triple-modality diagnostic efficacy of ultrasound/fluorescence/photothermal imaging, offering a promising solution for the diagnosis of vulnerable AS.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Biology
Maria Emfietzoglou, Michail C. Mavrogiannis, Hector M. Garcia-Garcia, Kimon Stamatelopoulos, Ioannis Kanakakis, Michail I. Papafaklis
Summary: Despite advances in treatment, coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a major cause of illness and death worldwide. Invasive and non-invasive imaging techniques have been used to identify high-risk plaques and the vulnerable state of patients with CAD. However, the predictive value of the invasive-only approach is limited, and a more interdisciplinary approach is needed to identify both the vulnerable plaque and patient. This review summarizes and critically evaluates the modalities used for detecting high-risk plaques in patients with CAD and discusses the challenges of the vulnerable plaque concept.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yuan Ma, Li Xu, Baoli Yin, Jinhui Shang, Fangfang Chen, Juntao Xu, Zhi-Ling Song, Bin Nan, Guosheng Song, Xiao-bing Zhang
Summary: The developed RSPN nanoparticles in this study can accurately assess the rupture risk of vulnerable plaque caused by acute pneumonia and successfully reflect the oxidative stress level in vulnerable plaque, providing a promising approach to reduce the mortality of atherosclerotic-induced cardiovascular disease.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Dongye Li, Huiyu Qiao, Xieqing Yang, Jin Li, Wei Dai, Xiaoyi Chen, Jun Shen, Xihai Zhao
Summary: Co-existing hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia (H-Hcy) are associated with carotid vulnerable plaque features, and the combination of the two has a stronger predictive value for subsequent vascular events than each measurement alone.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qian Lin, Bin Geng
Summary: This article discusses the significant impact of atherosclerosis on cardiovascular events and global mortality, as well as the role of hydrogen sulfide in plaque stability and its regulation mechanism on different cell populations.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Atsushi Sakamoto, Kenichiro Suwa, Rika Kawakami, Alexandra V. Finn, Yuichiro Maekawa, Renu Virmani, Aloke V. Finn
Summary: Acute coronary syndromes due to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) is a major contributor to plaque progression, causing sudden plaque volume increase and destabilization. Recent studies have revealed the intricate cellular interactions and molecular mechanisms involved in IPH. Advances in diagnostic imaging modalities have allowed for in vivo identification of IPH, which has been shown to be a reliable prognostic indicator of high-risk plaque. This review discusses the significance of IPH on the development of high-risk plaque from both basic and clinical perspectives.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Milad Ghasemi, Robert D. Johnston, Caitriona Lally
Summary: This study introduces a novel algorithm to investigate the mechanical response of arterial tissue to the remodelling of collagen fibres, predicting the optimal fibre distribution at the carotid bifurcation in healthy and diseased cases. It explores the impact of different fibre configurations on plaque stability, providing critical insights into the collagen fibre patterns necessary for maintaining plaque stability in carotid arteries.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Tatsuo Fukao, Hideyuki Suzuki
Summary: In this study, gamma-glutamylvalylglycine was enzymatically synthesized with favorable taste properties, and its production was increased by adjusting reaction conditions and adding metal cations.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Daniele Adami, Michele Marconi, Alberto Piaggesi, Davide M. Mocellin, Raffaella N. Berchiolli, Mauro Ferrari
Summary: Bifurcated bypasses can provide good results in patients with chronic limb threatening ischaemia without endovascular option, especially in diabetic ones. Bifurcated bypass is a complex surgical solution that should be accurately selected.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Francesco Gentile, Nicolo Ghionzoli, Chiara Borrelli, Giuseppe Vergaro, Maria Concetta Pastore, Matteo Cameli, Michele Emdin, Claudio Passino, Alberto Giannoni
Summary: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is highly prevalent and associated with relevant morbidity and mortality, but there is a lack of evidence-based treatment. The heterogeneous definitions, differences in aetiology/pathophysiology, and diagnostic challenges of HFpEF have made it difficult to define its epidemiological landmarks.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Dario Tartaglia, Federico Coccolini, Alessio Mazzoni, Silvia Strambi, Enrico Cicuttin, Camilla Cremonini, Giacomo Taddei, Adolfo Gabriele Puglisi, Clara Ugolini, Iose Di Stefano, Fulvio Basolo, Massimo Chiarugi
Summary: This study reports a case of SV-related gastritis and conducts a systematic literature review on SV infections. The results show that most cases achieve complete eradication of the infection after treatment, but there is still a certain mortality rate. Upper gastrointestinal biopsy positive for SV should be taken seriously, and prompt treatment is necessary.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Letter
Endocrinology & Metabolism
David Viola, Anello Marcello Poma, Rossella Elisei, Fulvio Basolo
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
G. Rotondo Dottore, L. Torregrossa, G. Lanzolla, S. Mariotti, F. Menconi, P. Piaggi, L. Cristofani Mencacci, C. Posarelli, M. N. Maglionico, I. Dallan, M. Figus, M. Nardi, C. Marcocci, F. Basolo, M. Marino
Summary: The majority of GO patients have mononuclear cell infiltrates in the orbit, with a small percentage exclusively represented by plasmacells. CD4 cells play a major role in GO activity. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of GO.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Paola Vignali, Agnese Proietti, Elisabetta Macerola, Anello Marcello Poma, Liborio Torregrossa, Clara Ugolini, Alessio Basolo, Antonio Matrone, Teresa Rago, Ferruccio Santini, Rossella Elisei, Gabriele Materazzi, Fulvio Basolo
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed a large cohort of NIFTPs and compared the clinico-pathological features of solitary and multifocal lesions. The results showed that NIFTPs often coexisted with other thyroid tumors, but no significant clinical-pathological differences were observed between them. Therefore, careful monitoring of the contralateral lobe is still important.
Review
Oncology
Elisabetta Macerola, Anello Marcello Poma, Paola Vignali, Agnese Proietti, Clara Ugolini, Liborio Torregrossa, Alessio Basolo, Rossella Elisei, Ferruccio Santini, Fulvio Basolo
Summary: Predictive biomarkers in molecular pathology identify patients who are likely to respond to targeted drugs, with the availability of new selective targeted drugs changing diagnostic strategies for molecular characterization of tumors.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Michela Chianca, Iacopo Fabiani, Annamaria Del Franco, Chrysanthos Grigoratos, Alberto Aimo, Giorgia Panichella, Alberto Giannoni, Vincenzo Castiglione, Francesco Gentile, Claudio Passino, Carlo Maria Cipolla, Daniela Maria Cardinale, Michele Emdin
Summary: Chemotherapy drugs can cause cardiotoxicity, leading to various cardiovascular diseases. Collaboration between cardiologists and oncologists is crucial due to the increasing number of cancer patients and the overlap between cardiovascular and oncological diseases. Cardioncology, a new discipline focused on the cardiovascular health of cancer patients, was established in 1995. It is important for clinicians to have knowledge in order to meet the needs of oncology patients under cardiotoxic treatment.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Miriam Basile, Simone Cauzzo, Alejandro Luis Callara, Domenico Montanaro, Valentina Hartwig, Maria Sole Morelli, Francesca Frijia, Alberto Giannoni, Claudio Passino, Michele Emdin, Nicola Vanello
Summary: Noninvasive studies of central respiratory control are crucial for understanding central apneas and periodic breathing. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used to study brainstem and cortical-subcortical centers. However, the vasodilatory effects of CO2 and physiological noise make it challenging to distinguish specific from non-specific effects in fMRI. This study investigates the supralinear relationship between CO2 and BOLD signal to determine neural activation specificity.
Review
Engineering, Biomedical
Roberta Piazza, M. Carbone, R. N. Berchiolli, V. Ferrari, M. Ferrari, S. Condino
Summary: In situ fenestration of stent-graft is a potential option for aortic disease treatment in patients unsuitable for standard endovascular repair. The choice of the best fenestration strategy depends on the anatomical area and aims to restore perfusion of collateral vessels. Various tools, such as needles, radiofrequency probes, and laser systems, are used in conjunction with other instruments to provide support and stability during the procedure. This systematic review discusses and describes the approaches used to reach the correct fenestration site in human, animal, and in vitro environments, highlighting advantages and limitations. Commercial and dedicated solutions for intraoperative modification of the fabric material are also reported. There is significant clinical interest in this procedure, leading researchers to develop and refine methods and tools to overcome current limitations and expand the indications for endovascular treatment in a broader range of patients.
IEEE REVIEWS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Daniele Sgro, Alessandro Brancatella, Giuseppe Greco, Liborio Torregrossa, Paolo Piaggi, Nicola Viola, Teresa Rago, Fulvio Basolo, Riccardo Giannini, Gabriele Materazzi, Rossella Elisei, Ferruccio Santini, Francesco Latrofa
Summary: Prognosis is good for papillary thyroid carcinoma, noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasia with papillary-like nuclear features, and follicular thyroid carcinoma, but poor for poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Ultrasound can be helpful in ruling out tall cell variant papillary thyroid carcinoma.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Paolo Morfino, Alberto Aimo, Giuseppe Vergaro, Chiara Sanguinetti, Vincenzo Castiglione, Maria Franzini, Marco Alfonso Perrone, Michele Emdin
Summary: Transthyretin (TTR) amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is a cause of heart failure characterized by misfolded TTR monomers deposited as amyloid fibrils in the myocardium. Standard treatment with TTR-stabilizing ligands may not be effective in advanced disease. Amyloid seeding, a self-propagating process, may further accelerate amyloid aggregation. Inhibition of amyloidogenesis combined with anti-seeding peptides and alternative strategies, such as TTR silencers and immunological amyloid disruptors, show promising results.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Paola Vignali, Elisabetta Macerola, Anello Marcello Poma, Rebecca Sparavelli, Fulvio Basolo
Summary: Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system. Accurately classifying cytological specimens as benign or malignant based on cytomorphological features is a challenge for cytopathologists. Recent studies have identified two molecular profiles of thyroid tumors, RAS-like and BRAF(V600E)-like. Molecular tests play an important role in guiding patients' management.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Fulvio Basolo, Elisabetta Macerola, Anello Marcello Poma, Liborio Torregrossa
Summary: The 5th edition of the WHO classification of endocrine tumors, released in 2022, introduces several novelties in the nomenclature and histopathological diagnosis of follicular-derived thyroid neoplasms. Tumor types are now categorized into benign tumors, low-risk neoplasms, and malignant neoplasms based on prognostic risk. A grading system for differentiated thyroid carcinomas has been implemented for better tumor stratification. The review critically discusses the practical effects on diagnostic pathology and the expected clinical implications of the new classification scheme.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cristina Di Primio, Paola Quaranta, Marianna Mignanelli, Giacomo Siano, Matteo Bimbati, Arianna Scarlatti, Carmen Rita Piazza, Piero Giorgio Spezia, Paola Perrera, Fulvio Basolo, Anello Marcello Poma, Mario Costa, Mauro Pistello, Antonino Cattaneo
Summary: COVID-19 infection is associated with the aggravation of Alzheimer's disease, and this study provides evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces phosphorylation of Tau protein at pathological epitopes, leading to aggregation and altered subcellular localization.