Article
Chemistry, Physical
Pavel Novotny
Summary: This paper investigates the possibility of characterizing radioactive samples in detail using X-ray fluorescence analysis, as well as demonstrates the application of this measurement for improving the accuracy of beta spectra calculation in the MCNPX software package. The results show that high-resolution XRF 2D scanning can reduce uncertainties in Monte Carlo simulations.
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Michael Iro, Dieter Ingerle, Sven Hampel, Ursula Fittschen, Vishal Dhamgaye, Oliver Fox, Christina Streli
Summary: Confocal micro-X-ray fluorescence analysis (CMXRF), using polycapillary optics, is a powerful technique for non-destructive investigation of elemental distribution in various research areas. To improve quantitative interpretation of CMXRF measurements, voxTrace introduces a Monte-Carlo ray-tracing approach that considers secondary excitation and scattering effects. Moreover, graphics processing units (GPU) with CUDA are used to overcome the computational challenges.
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Yang Wang, Qiong Zhang
Summary: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of innovative flexible X-ray detectors in digital radiography (DR) imaging, including detection efficiency and spatial resolution. A Monte Carlo model was developed and calibrated, and then validated with various types of flexible X-ray detectors. The results show that flexible detectors such as the CsPbBr3 crystal detector deliver promising performance in X-ray imaging and can be applied to a wider range of application scenarios, especially those requiring accurate detection at challenging angles.
NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Optics
Binqiang Ye, Luzhen Deng, Shanghai Jiang, Sijun Cao, Ruge Zhao, Peng Feng
Summary: In this study, we developed and validated two novel imaging geometries of benchtop multi-pinhole X-ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT) systems using Geant4 Toolkit. One model used a fan beam source to illuminate a single slice of the object and a multi-pinhole collimator to image the X-ray fluorescence. The other model used a cone-beam X-ray source to scan the whole object and two multi-pinhole collimators to image the emissions.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tomas Trojek, Darina Trojkova
Summary: This paper discusses the effects of irregular shape on the accuracy and precision of quantitative XRF micro-analysis. The experiments and simulations conducted on metallic materials reveal a relative uncertainty of around 5-10% or higher in the analysis of minor elements due to irregular surfaces. The findings emphasize the importance of considering surface effects when interpreting XRF results in cultural heritage sciences.
Article
Spectroscopy
Meng Wang, Yi Gu, Heng Lu, Liangquan Ge, Qingxian Zhang, Guoqiang Zeng
Summary: This study investigates the matrix effect correction methods for in situ energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis of different rock samples. The matrix effects are classified based on the correlation between spectral parameters and target element intensity. A matrix effect correction method is established using the main spectral parameters, allowing for fast measurement of target element contents in different rock samples.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Wael M. Elshemey, Refat Abo Saif, Abdo A. Elfiky
Summary: The study examines the possibility of characterizing normal and malignant breast tissues using the scattered photon distribution of polyenergetic beams of 30 kV X-rays. The Mo-Mo target-filter combination shows high linear dependence on the percentage of normal tissue in breast samples, making it potentially the most relevant for characterization.
JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lewis O. Akinsinde, Tomke E. Glier, Matthias Schwartzkopf, Marie Betker, Matz Nissen, Maximilian Witte, Sarah Scheitz, Christian Nweze, Benjamin Grimm-Lebsanft, Marc Gensch, Andrei Chumakov, Ivan Baev, Ulrich Schurmann, Torben Dankwort, Frank Fischer, Michael Martins, Stephan Roth, Lorenz Kienle, Michael Ruebhausen
Summary: This study investigates the tuning of local electrical properties of conductive Ag-NW networks using local atmospheric plasma treatment, identifying three characteristic etching phases. The results demonstrate the feasibility of atmospheric plasma treatments for controlling the electrical properties of conductive Ag-NW networks.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fernando T. Tanouye, Jozismar R. Alves, Francesco Spinozzi, Rosangela Itri
Summary: In this study, protein interactions were investigated using in-solution small angle X-Ray scattering (SAXS) experiments and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations under different conditions. The analysis of experimental data using the HSDY/RPA model combined with MC simulations showed limitations in describing the protein-protein pair potential for highly concentrated systems at low ionic strength. SAXS/MC results revealed that lysozyme concentrations between 2 and 20 mg/mL exhibited similar protein-protein pair potentials, with a surface net charge of around 7 e, protein diameter of 28 Å, attractive well potential decay range of 3 Å, and a depth varying from 1 to 5 kBT depending on temperature and salt addition. Additionally, a novel method combining SAXS with MC simulations was proposed to overcome the limitations of closure relationships in analyzing interacting protein SAXS data.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria A. Kolyvanova, Alexandr V. Belousov, Grigorii A. Krusanov, Alexandra K. Isagulieva, Kirill V. Morozov, Maria E. Kartseva, Magomet H. Salpagarov, Pavel V. Krivoshapkin, Olga V. Dement'eva, Victor M. Rudoy, Vladimir N. Morozov
Summary: This study investigated the ability of different high atomic number metal and metal oxide nanoparticles to enhance absorbed dose, with gold showing the highest dose enhancement factor and HfO2 and Ta2O5 being the most versatile in terms of coordinate regions. The findings underscore the importance of carefully planning radiation exposure when high-Z nanoparticles are present.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
B. D. Klee, B. Paulus, J. Link Vasco, S. Hosokawa, J. R. Stellhorn, S. Hayakawa, S. Dehnen, W-C Pilgrim
Summary: The microscopic structure of a new infrared-driven amorphous white-light-generating material was investigated using X-ray diffraction, EXAFS and Reverse Monte Carlo simulation. The results suggest that structural disorder is a prerequisite for the observed nonlinear optical effect. The distorted molecular cores act as crystallization inhibitors. Sulfur atoms form a uniform vibrational network, which may enhance the material's ability to absorb infrared radiation.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chaoyi Teng, Raynald Gauvin, Yongzhe Wang
Summary: This study proposes new computation methods for addressing the challenges in low-voltage SEM imaging and X-ray microanalysis. The analytical sensitivity for X-ray microanalysis is thoroughly studied through experiments and simulations.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
A. Arectout, I Zidouh, Y. Sadeq, M. Azougagh, B. Maroufi, E. Chakir, H. Boukhal
Summary: This study aims to establish X-ray qualities recommended by ISO using HVL and Hp(10) dosimetry approaches. The obtained results showed good agreement with reference values, and the simulated spectra also conform to ISO reference spectra. The conversion coefficients in simulated and measured spectra have similar values.
NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Masanori Hara, Tomoya Shimura, Kenjiro Aoki, Masao Matsuyama, Tsukasa Aso, Marco Roellig
Summary: Non-destructive methods are essential for measuring tritium in solids, as beta particles generated by tritium decay cannot usually escape from solids. The basis of beta-ray induced X-ray spectrometry (BIXS) of tritium lies in the detection of X-rays induced by beta particles in solids. Monte Carlo simulations are necessary for analyzing the tritium distribution in solid samples containing tritium.
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
P. Zambianchi, J. K. Zambianchi
Summary: This study utilized the Monte Carlo method to detect trace amounts of uranium and thorium in phosphogypsum using total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF). Simulated samples were created with average concentrations of U-238 (120 Bq/kg) and Th-232 (40 Bq/kg), along with 7 major components in oxide forms and 11 other heavy metals in trace amounts commonly found in phosphogypsum. Results showed that the detection limits for uranium and thorium in the simulated multi-elemental sample were (1.42 +/- 0.04) ng and (1.03 +/- 0.02) ng, respectively, using a molybdenum target X-ray tube operating under total reflection condition and equipped with an SDD detector. Calibration plots using certified solutions for uranium and thorium, with the addition of gallium as an internal standard element, provided mass recovery from the multi-component sample with relative errors of 4.56% for uranium and 2.74% for thorium. The study demonstrates that the TXRF technique can accurately detect and quantify trace amounts of uranium and thorium in phosphogypsum samples without any pre-treatment.
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Giovanni Mettivier, Marica Masi, Fulvia Arfelli, Luca Brombal, Pasquale Delogu, Francesca Di Lillo, Sandro Donato, Christian Fedon, Bruno Golosio, Piernicola Oliva, Luigi Rigon, Antonio Sarno, Angelo Taibi, Paolo Russo
JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
G. Hoff, E. E. Streck, A. Lai, V Fanti, B. Golosio, C. D. Nascimento, E. G. Souza
Summary: In this study, a methodology to design a low power X-ray tube generator using the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit was presented. The analysis showed that incident kinetic energy and target material had the most notable impact on the X-ray tube design.
APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Piernicola Oliva, Vittorio Di Trapani, Fulvia Arfelli, Luca Brombal, Sandro Donato, Bruno Golosio, Renata Longo, Giovanni Mettivier, Luigi Rigon, Angelo Taibi, Giuliana Tromba, Fabrizio Zanconati, Pasquale Delogu
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Marco Balsi, Salvatore Esposito, Paolo Fallavollita, Maria Grazia Melis, Marco Milanese
Summary: This paper presents a case study of using remote sensing with a LiDAR sensor carried by a UAV for detailed topographic survey at archaeological sites. Expert operators searched for prehistoric hypogea entrances in the high-resolution digital terrain model obtained from the ground-labeled point cloud. The study demonstrates the utility of this technique in revealing hidden anthropogenic structures and quickly documenting ground surface topography.
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Bruno Golosio, Gianmarco Tiddia, Chiara De Luca, Elena Pastorelli, Francesco Simula, Pier Stanislao Paolucci
Summary: There has been a growing interest in developing parallel hardware systems for simulating large-scale networks of spiking neurons in the past decade. NeuronGPU is a GPU library based on a novel spike-delivery algorithm, written in C++ and CUDA-C++, for large-scale simulations of spiking neural network models, supporting various models and user-defined options.
FRONTIERS IN COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Bruno Golosio, Chiara De Luca, Cristiano Capone, Elena Pastorelli, Giovanni Stegel, Gianmarco Tiddia, Giulia De Bonis, Pier Stanislao Paolucci
Summary: This study explores the brain's abilities in fast incremental learning and memory categorization, demonstrating the importance of brain states in cognitive functions through a model based on a thalamo-cortical circuit.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Anthropology
Maria Grazia Melis, Marco Zedda
Summary: The discovery of the sperm whale tooth at Monte d'Accoddi adds to the evidence of potential presence and exploitation of cetaceans in the prehistoric Mediterranean, making it possibly the oldest cetacean find in Sardinia with a dating of 3638-3378 BC.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Ioanna Giorgi, Bruno Golosio, Massimo Esposito, Angelo Cangelosi, Giovanni L. Masala
Summary: This study models multiple natural language learning in a developmental neuroscience-inspired architecture using the ANNABELL model, achieving successful simultaneous learning of four languages with different structures and complexities and maintaining high accuracy.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COGNITIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Giovanni Mettivier, Antonio Sarno, Youfang Lai, Bruno Golosio, Viviana Fanti, Maria Elena Italiano, Xun Jia, Paolo Russo
Summary: This study compares three different platforms for virtual clinical trials in breast imaging, developing real-time virtual breast imaging examinations with reduced computational time. All the codes show compatible results in terms of simulated dose maps and imaging values, with a maximum discrepancy of 3%.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
S. Donato, L. Brombal, L. M. Arana Pena, F. Arfelli, A. Contillo, P. Delogu, F. Di Lillo, V Di Trapani, V Fanti, R. Longo, P. Oliva, L. Rigon, L. Stori, G. Tromba, B. Golosio
Summary: This study introduces the optimization of a customized GPU-based simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (cSART) in the field of phase-contrast breast computed tomography (bCT). The algorithm features a 3D bilateral regularization filter and can be tuned for optimal performance in clinical image visualization and tissues segmentation. The results show that the proposed algorithm can yield higher contrast images with preserved spatial resolution and textural properties. The algorithm also offers flexibility in image reconstruction optimization and tissue segmentation.
PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Gianmarco Tiddia, Bruno Golosio, Jasper Albers, Johanna Senk, Francesco Simula, Jari Pronold, Viviana Fanti, Elena Pastorelli, Pier Stanislao Paolucci, Sacha J. van Albada
Summary: Spiking neural network models are seen as an effective tool for simulating neuronal dynamics and understanding brain function. NEST GPU, a GPU library for large-scale spiking neural network simulations, shows remarkable achievements in terms of simulation time per second of biological activity. The results highlight the potential of using GPU-accelerated simulations for studying large-scale brain models.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROINFORMATICS
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Gianmarco Tiddia, Bruno Golosio, Viviana Fanti, Pier Stanislao Paolucci
Summary: Working Memory (WM) is a cognitive mechanism that allows temporary storage and manipulation of information in the human brain. This study presents a spiking neural network model implemented with the NEST simulator, where WM activity is sustained by short-term synaptic facilitation. The model is capable of simultaneously holding multiple memories.
FRONTIERS IN INTEGRATIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Pasquale Delogu, Vittorio Di Trapani, Bruno Golosio, Renata Longo, Luigi Rigon, Piernicola Oliva
Summary: In CdTe X-ray photon counting detectors (PCD) with small pixel sizes, charge-sharing and fluorescences emitted by Cd and Te can cause multiple counts from a single interacting photon, affecting the imaging and spectroscopic performance of PCDs. This work characterizes and quantifies clusters of multiple counts as a function of energy and threshold using the Pixirad-1/Pixie-II CdTe PCD with monochromatic radiation.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Silvia Gervasoni, Camilla Guccione, Viviana Fanti, Andrea Bosin, Giancarlo Cappellini, Bruno Golosio, Paolo Ruggerone, Giuliano Malloci
Summary: We conducted a computational study on the dynamics of SSTR2 and its binding to different ligands. Our findings revealed the flexibility of the apo form compared to the holo forms, and the closure of extracellular loop 2 upon agonist binding. We also identified specific interaction patterns distinguishing agonists from antagonist. This study provides insights for the design of new somatostatin-based compounds for neuroendocrine tumor theranostics.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Anthropology
Maria Grazia Melis
Summary: The shrine at Monte d'Accoddi is a unique architectural site in the Mediterranean during the 4th millennium BC. It consisted of a terrace with an access ramp, and its architectural model has sparked ongoing debates about its possible origins. It was initially a truncated pyramidal core, but later expanded with a larger building in the same shape, possibly with a stepped core. The site was occupied during the 3rd millennium BC and occasionally in subsequent historical phases. This paper presents new radiocarbon dates to determine the construction and occupation phases of the monument and the surrounding settlement.
INTERDISCIPLINARIA ARCHAEOLOGICA-NATURAL SCIENCES IN ARCHAEOLOGY
(2023)
