Article
Chemistry, Physical
Prakash Rewatkar, Prasanth K. Enaganti, Manish Rishi, Subhas Mukhopadhyay, Sanket Goel
Summary: Microfluidic paper-based microbial fuel cells (mP-MFCs) have gained popularity for their compact, quick, and low-cost fluid manipulation. With customized electrode design and modification, these fuel cells have the potential for enhanced efficiency and applications in various fields.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Bincy George Abraham, Raghuram Chetty
Summary: An air breathing direct methanol fuel cell (AB-DMFC) with a unique architecture was designed and optimized for high performance, utilizing titanium mesh as a catalyst support and optimizing the configuration of the anode and cathode. The study also extended the single cell AB-DMFC architecture to 2-cell and 6-cell mini-stacks, which were used to power a small portable device.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yutaro Akimoto, Keiichi Okajima
Summary: For the stable operation of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells, expensive sensor measurements and control systems are typically used, increasing the overall cost. This study introduces a control index calculation method using overpotential, which eliminates the need for sensors and measurement systems, ultimately increasing onboard operation and reducing costs. Experimental results demonstrate the method's effectiveness in maintaining accuracy and preventing defects.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Fatma Calili-Cankir, Mohammed S. Ismail, Derek B. Ingham, Kevin J. Hughes, Lin Ma, Mohamed Pourkashanian
Summary: This review focuses on improving the performance of air-breathing polymer electrolyte fuel cells by optimizing key parameters such as the design and material of the current collector, cathode gas diffusion layer, catalyst layer, and cell orientation. It also discusses the impact of ambient conditions on fuel cell performance and methods to mitigate extreme temperature and humidity effects. Additionally, it summarizes hydrogen storage and delivery technologies used in these fuel cells and critiques their design aspects. The review concludes by highlighting the challenges to widespread commercialization of air-breathing fuel cell technology by examining reported fuel cell stacks and systems.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Sungu Kim, Aparna Krishnamurthy, Pooja Kasiviswanathan, Baskar Ganapathysubramanian, Robbyn K. Anand
Summary: This study demonstrates the use of droplets and ion concentration polarization to rapidly lyse breast cancer cells and enrich low-abundance intracellular analytes.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Samuel Koomson, Choong-Gon Lee
Summary: The gas-phase mass transfer effects of 100 cm2 class molten carbonate cells (MCCs) were investigated in both fuel cell (FC) and electrolysis cell (EC) modes. The results showed that there were no activation polarization in both modes and the hydrogen electrode (HE) had significant gas-phase mass transfer resistance. The overpotential shift pattern of HE by flow rate change was symmetric in both modes. On the other hand, a small gas-phase mass transfer inducing overpotential was observed at the oxygen electrode (OE) in the FC mode compared to the HE, while there was no gas-phase mass transfer-induced overpotential in the EC mode. Therefore, the EC mode of MCCs comprises mainly gas-phase mass transfer controlling processes at HE and negligible at OE. It can be inferred that reversible operation in both modes is possible, and the reaction mechanisms are symmetrical between FC and EC modes.
JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jingbo Ma, Mufu Yan, Yanxiang Zhang, Shaohua Qin
Summary: Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are promising electrochemical energy conversion devices that require modeling of mass transport for better understanding and design. By developing an analytical model to address the coupling issue, factors affecting SOFC performance can be studied to guide microstructure design.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biophysics
Abdelghani Ghanam, Naoufel Haddour, Hasna Mohammadi, Aziz Amine, Andrei Sabac, Francois Buret
Summary: The authors propose a miniaturized glucose/O-2 n-EFC based on a new direct electron transfer. The anode is a screen-printed carbon electrode modified with functionalized carbon nanotubes and cauliflower-like PdAu nanostructures, while the cathode is an air-cathode composed of Pt-coated carbon cloth. The electrocatalyst showed fast response, low cost, reusability, poison-free characteristics, and good stability. The n-EFC demonstrated high power output, current density, and open circuit potential, making it ideal for direct glucose fuel cell applications and self-powered biosensing.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yinghui Zhang, David P. Wilkinson, Fariborz Taghipour
Summary: The study found that in an air-breathing micro direct methanol fuel cell, having anode catalysts only on the proton-exchange membrane showed superior performance compared to having anode catalysts on both the membrane and channel walls. Additionally, increasing the anode catalyst loading on channel walls resulted in decreased cathode potential, impacting overall fuel cell performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen, Jihyeon Kim, Young Soo Yoon, Hyon Hee Yoon, Jaehyun Hur
Summary: The performance of an anion exchange membrane-based direct urea/O2 fuel cell (AEMDUFC) was analyzed using a mathematical model. The model was verified using experimental data and showed good accuracy. The voltage losses in the electrodes were dominant at low current density, while the voltage loss in the membrane was the highest at high current density. The structural and operating parameters of the anode side were found to be important factors for improving the performance of the AEMDUFC.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Quanrong Fu, Zhiyi Li, Wei Wei, Fengxia Liu, Xiaofei Xu, Zhijun Liu
Summary: This study presents a novel interconnector design, named groove and rib-finned interconnector, to improve the performance of planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) by enhancing fuel utilization and output power density. The novel interconnector increases reactant gas velocity and vorticity, eliminates oxygen-free zone, reduces overpotentials, and improves the electrical performance of the SOFC stack.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Lanka Tata Rao, Satish Kumar Dubey, Arshad Javed, Sanket Goel
Summary: This study presents the fabrication and characterization of a high-performance metal-free aluminum-air microfluidic paper fuel cell (AAMPFC) using aluminum foil and buckypaper with sodium hydroxide as an electrolyte. By optimizing multiple AAMPFCs and configuring with different concentrations of electrolyte, higher output voltage, current density, and power density can be achieved.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Samuel Koomson, Choong-Gon Lee
Summary: This study compares the electrode reaction mechanisms of 100 cm2 class molten carbonate cells operated in electrolysis cell and fuel cell modes using a reactant gas addition method. The results show that the hydrogen electrode is under a gas-phase mass transfer-controlled process in both modes, while the oxygen electrode overpotential is mainly contributed by O2 species. The addition of CO2 raises the overpotential in both modes, especially in fuel cell mode due to reduced O2 partial pressure. As a result, the total overpotential in electrolysis cell mode is less than in fuel cell mode.
JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xun Zhu, Yuan Zhou, Ding-Ding Ye, Rong Chen, Tong Zhang, Qiang Liao
Summary: A novel air-breathing microfluidic fuel cell with discrete-holes film fueling anode was developed in this study, introducing the concept of gas film cooling to enhance fuel transfer efficiency. The visualization and verification of annular film flow based on film fueling were conducted using fluorescence microscopy under various flow conditions. The research results provide valuable insights for promoting the practical application of microfluidic fuel cells.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Haizhen Sun, Yukun Ren, Ye Tao, Tianyi Jiang, Hongyuan Jiang
Summary: The study introduces a technique called alternating current electrothermal-flow field-effect transistor (ACET-FFET) for in-droplet cell/particle concentration. By tuning the electric field and splitting droplets, cells/particles can be flexibly and efficiently concentrated. This technology demonstrates broad applications in droplet microfluidics.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Qidong Xu, Meiting Guo, Lingchao Xia, Zheng Li, Qijiao He, Dongqi Zhao, Keqing Zheng, Meng Ni
Summary: A 2D mathematical model is established to study the thermal responses of a tubular methanol-fueled solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). Results show that the peak temperature gradient occurs near the fuel inlet at high temperature condition due to the rapid temperature rise induced by elevated current density. Excessive air cannot eliminate the harmful temperature gradient caused by high current density, but controlling the current density can generate a local thermal neutral state. Supplying air with a slightly higher temperature can reduce the maximum axial temperature gradient. Additionally, the counter-flow arrangement may not be preferable for a ceramic SOFC system considering thermal durability.
TRANSACTIONS OF TIANJIN UNIVERSITY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tong Liu, Siyuan Zhao, Qi Xiong, Jie Yu, Jian Wang, Gang Huang, Meng Ni, Xinbo Zhang
Summary: Lithium-air batteries, with their high energy density, have made rapid progress in recent years. The reversibility of discharge products plays a crucial role in battery performance. Besides lithium peroxide, other discharge products such as lithium hydroxide, lithium superoxide, lithium oxide, and lithium carbonate have been investigated, bringing breakthroughs for Li-air battery technologies. The systematic review of recent advances in understanding the electrochemical reactions and conversions of discharge products provides insights into the fundamental development and future applications of Li-air batteries.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Siyuan Zhao, Tong Liu, Yawen Dai, Jian Wang, Yang Wang, Zengjia Guo, Jie Yu, Idris Temitope Bello, Meng Ni
Summary: Introducing potassium iodide (KI) to Zn-air batteries can change the oxidation pathway and improve the energy efficiency and cycle life. The study shows that a carbon-based catalyst Pt/C with poor OER activity exhibits remarkable IOR activity, leading to a low charging voltage and high energy efficiency in the fabricated batteries.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zaoli Yang, Salman Ahmad, Andrea Bernardi, Wen-long Shang, Jin Xuan, Bing Xu
Summary: This study proposes a stakeholder participation-based multi-criteria decision-making framework to evaluate four alternative low carbon fuel (ALCF) production pathways in the UK. The results show that the environmental and economic dimensions are the most important, followed by social and technical evaluation dimensions. Among these production pathways, the electrochemical reduction process and its combination with anaerobic digestion are considered as the top-ranked ones. These findings provide guidance for decision-makers in selecting ALCF production pathways and formulating effective policies.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Swathi Mukundan, Jin Xuan, Sandra E. Dann, Jonathan L. Wagner
Summary: This article presents a magnetite supported on activated carbon catalyst that can be magnetically retrieved and reused without regeneration. The FeOx/C catalyst increased the bio-oil yield by 19.7 +/- 0.96% in the HTL of draff reaction. The use of homogeneous Na2CO3 base as a catalyst and co-catalyst improved carbon extraction into the aqueous phase. The exceptional catalytic activity is attributed to the Fe3O4 phase, which enhances biomass decomposition and oil property with an energy recovery of about 84%.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Lei Xing, Hai Jiang, Shuo Wang, Valerie J. Pinfield, Jin Xuan
Summary: Enhanced weathering of minerals can capture atmospheric CO2 and store it as bicarbonate and carbonate in the ocean. This process requires engineered reactors that optimize reaction conditions to maximize CO2 capture rate and minimize energy and water consumption. Trickle beds and packed bubble columns are chosen as typical reactors to perform CO2 capture through enhanced weathering.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Zhu Zhou, Lei Xing, Vijay Venkatesan, Haoran Xu, Wenhua Chen, Jin Xuan
Summary: A comprehensive multiphysics 3D model of a reversible solid oxide cell (rSOC) is created and validated in this study. The study finds that increasing the porosity in a homogeneous porous electrode does not always improve the cell's performance. An optimal porosity range of 0.5 to 0.7 is identified. Additionally, a heterogeneous porous electrode design with a functionally graded porosity distribution is suggested as a potential option for enhancing the cell's overall performance.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Meiting Guo, Dongqi Zhao, Qidong Xu, Zheng Li, Haoran Xu, Meng Ni
Summary: In this study, a three-dimensional electro-thermomechanical coupled model is established to investigate the influence of interconnector (IC) structure on the electrical performance and mechanical stability of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The results show that IC design with discrete ribs can enhance the maximum power density without significantly affecting the stress on the electrodes. The stress distribution is primarily determined by the geometrical structure of the IC. Discrete cylindrical ribs and discrete cubic ribs with rounded corners are better choices for balancing electrical power output and mechanical stability.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zheng Li, Chen Wang, Idris Temitope Bello, Meiting Guo, Na Yu, Meng Zhu, Meng Ni
Summary: Ammonia is an efficient energy carrier for protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) operating at intermediate temperatures. A new model for NH3-PCFC is developed, considering reaction kinetics and charge transport in the anode and electrolyte. The study finds that operating potential should be minimized to reduce current leakage, and slowing down electron transport improves Faraday efficiency. Chemical reactions and temperature distribution also significantly impact cell performance. Introducing H2 and increasing nitrogen desorption can improve or decrease performance, respectively.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chen Wang, Zheng Li, Siyuan Zhao, Lingchao Xia, Meng Zhu, Minfang Han, Meng Ni
Summary: In this study, a novel reactor model is developed to combine PCEC electrolysis for hydrogen production and CO2 recycling for methanol synthesis. The problem of temperature mismatch between PCEC and methanol synthesis is solved by supplying low-temperature gas intermediately, allowing for the direct synthesis of methanol. The effects of key operating parameters on methanol production and temperature distribution are investigated, providing insights for efficient and long-term operation of the coupled system.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yu-Jia Zhang, Qiang Ye, Meng Ni
Summary: Controlling the hydrogen evolution reaction and electrolyte flow rate, the impact of mA/cm2 scale HER on the relative permeability of HCl-based aqueous electrolyte in a carbon felt electrode is explored. Experimental results show that the HER reduces the flow permeability, even at high electrolyte flow velocity.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yang Wang, Chengru Wu, Siyuan Zhao, Zengjia Guo, Minfang Han, Tianshou Zhao, Bingfeng Zu, Qing Du, Meng Ni, Kui Jiao
Summary: Solid oxide electrochemical cells (SOCs) have potential in renewable energy storage and conversion systems, but further breakthroughs are needed for commercialization. A data-driven powder-to-power framework is proposed to accurately predict performance and optimize electrode parameters. The framework elucidates the correlation between microstructural parameters and electrode durability, and a practical optimization strategy is proposed. By implementing this framework, the degradation rate of Ni-based electrodes can be significantly reduced.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jian Wang, Hyejeong Hyun, Sungjae Seo, Kyeongjae Jeong, Jeongwoo Han, Sugeun Jo, Hwiho Kim, Bonho Koo, Donggun Eum, Juwon Kim, Jinkyu Chung, Hoon-Hwe Cho, Heung Nam Han, Tae Joo Shin, Meng Ni, Kisuk Kang, Jongwoo Lim
Summary: Elucidating high-rate cycling-induced nonequilibrium electrode reactions is crucial for developing extreme fast charging (XFC) batteries. In this study, we quantitatively established the dynamic structure-kinetics relationships of a series of Ni-rich layered oxide (NRLO) cathodes and found that the electrode kinetic properties obtained near equilibrium states failed to assess the effective rate capability of NRLOs at ultrafast C rates. We also discovered that the kinetic phase heterogeneity, characterized by dynamic separations in in-situ X-ray diffraction patterns and deviations in NRLO c-axis lattice parameters, correlated with the capacity reduction under XFC and became an effective indicator of the NRLO rate capability. Furthermore, enhancing the cycling temperature boosted the rate capability of NRLOs and mitigated the kinetic phase heterogeneity during XFC.
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chen Wang, Zheng Li, Daqin Guan, Meng Zhu, Idris Temitope Bello, Minfang Han, Meng Ni
Summary: A 2D multi-physics model is developed to study the glycerol-assisted SOEC co-electrolysis process and a novel in-tube reformer to improve fuel utilization and reduce temperature difference. The effects of key operating parameters on the system's performance and temperature distribution are investigated. The study shows that glycerol assistance can significantly reduce the operating voltage and increase the co-electrolysis process efficiency.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mohammad Nyme Uddin, Minhyun Lee, Meng Ni
Summary: This study examines the socio-demographic factors that influence occupants' thermal comfort and sensation in low-income residential homes. The results show that female occupants are less satisfied with their thermal environment compared to male occupants. However, age and home ownership do not have an influence on occupant thermal comfort. Agent-based modeling is also used to support the statistical analysis, showing better thermal comfort and sensation for male occupants.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shitong Fang, Houfan Du, Tao Yan, Keyu Chen, Zhiyuan Li, Xiaoqing Ma, Zhihui Lai, Shengxi Zhou
Summary: This paper proposes a new type of nonlinear VIV energy harvester (ANVEH) that compensates for the decrease in peak energy output at low wind speeds by introducing an auxiliary structure. Theoretical and experimental results show that ANVEH performs better than traditional nonlinear VIV energy harvesters under various system parameter variations.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wei Jiang, Shuo Zhang, Teng Wang, Yufei Zhang, Aimin Sha, Jingjing Xiao, Dongdong Yuan
Summary: A standardized method was developed to evaluate the availability of solar energy resources in road areas, which combined the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Geographic Information System (GIS). By analyzing critical factors and using a multi-indicator evaluation method, the method accurately evaluated the utilization of solar energy resources and guided the optimal location selection for road photovoltaic (PV) projects. The results provided guidance for the application of road PV projects and site selection for route corridors worldwide, promoting the integration of transportation and energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chang Liu, Jacob A. Wrubel, Elliot Padgett, Guido Bender
Summary: The study investigates the effects of coating defects on the performance of the anode porous transport layer (PTL) in water electrolyzers. The results show that an increasing fraction of uncoated regions on the PTL leads to decreased cell performance, with continuous uncoated regions having a more severe impact compared to multiple thin uncoated strips.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Marcos Tostado-Veliz, Xiaolong Jin, Rohit Bhakar, Francisco Jurado
Summary: In this paper, a coordinated charging price mechanism for clusters of parking lots is proposed. The research shows that enabling vehicle-to-grid characteristics can bring significant economic benefits for users and the cluster coordinator, and vehicle-to-grid impacts noticeably on the risk-averse character of the uncertainty-aware strategies. The developed pricing mechanism can reduce the cost for users, avoiding to directly translate the energy cost to charging points.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Duan Kang
Summary: Building an energy superpower is a key strategy for China and a long-term goal for other countries. This study proposes an evaluation system and index for measuring energy superpower, and finds that China has significantly improved its ranking over the past 21 years, surpassing other countries.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fucheng Deng, Yifei Wang, Xiaosen Li, Gang Li, Yi Wang, Bin Huang
Summary: This study investigated the synergistic blockage mechanism of sand and hydrate in gravel filling layer and the evolution of permeability in the layer. Experimental models and modified permeability models were established to analyze the effects of sand particles and hydrate formation on permeability. The study provided valuable insights for the safe and efficient exploitation of hydrate reservoirs.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hao Wang, Xiwen Chen, Natan Vital, Edward Duffy, Abolfazl Razi
Summary: This study proposes a HVAC energy optimization model based on deep reinforcement learning algorithm. It achieves 37% energy savings and ensures thermal comfort for open office buildings. The model has a low complexity, uses a few controllable factors, and has a short training time with good generalizability.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Moyue Cong, Yongzhuo Gao, Weidong Wang, Long He, Xiwang Mao, Yi Long, Wei Dong
Summary: This study introduces a multi-strategy ultra-wideband energy harvesting device that achieves high power output without the need for external power input. By utilizing asymmetry, stagger array, magnetic coupling, and nonlinearity strategies, the device maintains a stable output voltage and high power density output at non-resonant frequencies. Temperature and humidity monitoring are performed using Bluetooth sensors to adaptively assess the device.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tianshu Dong, Xiudong Duan, Yuanyuan Huang, Danji Huang, Yingdong Luo, Ziyu Liu, Xiaomeng Ai, Jiakun Fang, Chaolong Song
Summary: Electrochemical water splitting is crucial for hydrogen production, and improving the hydrogen separation rate from the electrode is essential for enhancing water electrolyzer performance. However, issues such as air bubble adhesion to the electrode plate hinder the process. Therefore, a methodology to investigate the two-phase flow within the electrolyzer is in high demand. This study proposes using a microfluidic system as a simulator for the electrolyzer and optimizing the two-phase flow by manipulating the micro-structure of the flow.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shuo Han, Yifan Yuan, Mengjiao He, Ziwen Zhao, Beibei Xu, Diyi Chen, Jakub Jurasz
Summary: Giving full play to the flexibility of hydropower and integrating more variable renewable energy is of great significance for accelerating the transformation of China's power energy system. This study proposes a novel day-ahead scheduling model that considers the flexibility limited by irregular vibration zones (VZs) and the probability of flexibility shortage in a hydropower-variable renewable energy hybrid generation system. The model is applied to a real hydropower station and effectively improves the flexibility supply capacity of hydropower, especially during heavy load demand in flood season.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhen Wang, Kangqi Fan, Shizhong Zhao, Shuxin Wu, Xuan Zhang, Kangjia Zhai, Zhiqi Li, Hua He
Summary: This study developed a high-performance rotary energy harvester (AI-REH) inspired by archery, which efficiently accumulates and releases ultralow-frequency vibration energy. By utilizing a magnetic coupling strategy and an accumulator spring, the AI-REH achieves significantly accelerated rotor speeds and enhanced electric outputs.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yi Yang, Qianyi Xing, Kang Wang, Caihong Li, Jianzhou Wang, Xiaojia Huang
Summary: In this study, a novel hybrid Quantile Regression (QR) model is proposed for Probabilistic Load Forecasting (PLF). The model integrates causal dilated convolution, residual connection, and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) for multi-scale feature extraction. In addition, a Combined Probabilistic Load Forecasting System (CPLFS) is proposed to overcome the inherent flaws of relying on a single model. Simulation results show that the hybrid QR outperforms traditional models and CPLFS exceeds the best benchmarks in terms of prediction accuracy and stability.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wen-Jiang Zou, Young-Bae Kim, Seunghun Jung
Summary: This paper proposes a dynamic prediction model for capacity fade in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). The model accurately predicts changes in electrolyte volume and capacity fade, enhancing the competitiveness of VRFBs in energy storage applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuechao Ma, Shengtie Wang, Guangchen Liu, Guizhen Tian, Jianwei Zhang, Ruiming Liu
Summary: This paper focuses on the balance of state of charge (SOC) among multiple battery energy storage units (MBESUs) and bus voltage balance in an islanded bipolar DC microgrid. A SOC automatic balancing strategy is proposed considering the energy flow relationship and utilizing the adaptive virtual resistance algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in achieving SOC balancing and decreasing bus voltage unbalance.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Raad Z. Homod, Basil Sh. Munahi, Hayder Ibrahim Mohammed, Musatafa Abbas Abbood Albadr, Aissa Abderrahmane, Jasim M. Mahdi, Mohamed Bechir Ben Hamida, Bilal Naji Alhasnawi, A. S. Albahri, Hussein Togun, Umar F. Alqsair, Zaher Mundher Yaseen
Summary: In this study, the control problem of the multiple-boiler system (MBS) is formulated as a dynamic Markov decision process and a deep clustering reinforcement learning approach is applied to obtain the optimal control policy. The proposed strategy, based on bang-bang action, shows superior response and achieves more than 32% energy saving compared to conventional fixed parameter controllers under dynamic indoor/outdoor actual conditions.
