Journal
ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
Volume 42, Issue 9, Pages 1846-1852Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1046-0
Keywords
Cervical spine; Neck musculature; Maximum voluntary contractions; Biomechanical modeling
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Funding
- National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Canada Foundation for Innovation
- CGS-D scholarship from the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research
- Canadian Chiropractic Research Foundation
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We measured maximum isometric neck strength under combinations of flexion/extension, lateral bending and axial rotation to determine whether neck strength in three dimensions (3D) can be predicted from principal axes strength. This would allow biomechanical modelers to validate their neck models across many directions using only principal axis strength data. Maximum isometric neck moments were measured in 9 male volunteers (29 +/- A 9 years) for 17 directions. The 3D moments were normalized by the principal axis moments, and compared to unity for all directions tested. Finally, each subject's maximum principal axis moments were used to predict their resultant moment in the off-axis directions. Maximum moments were 30 +/- A 6 N m in flexion, 32 +/- A 9 N m in lateral bending, 51 +/- A 11 N m in extension, and 13 +/- A 5 N m in axial rotation. The normalized 3D moments were not significantly different from unity (95% confidence interval contained one), except for three directions that combined ipsilateral axial rotation and lateral bending; in these directions the normalized moments exceeded one. Predicted resultant moments compared well to the actual measured values (r (2) = 0.88). Despite exceeding unity, the normalized moments were consistent across subjects to allow prediction of maximum 3D neck strength using principal axes neck strength.
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