Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Zakariye Ashkir, Saul Myerson, Stefan Neubauer, Carl-Johan Carlhall, Tino Ebbers, Betty Raman
Summary: Assessment of left ventricular diastolic function is challenging and traditional methods have limitations. 4D flow CMR provides comprehensive blood flow information and is important for studying cardiac flow and function.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Jonathan Grinstein, Ryo Torii, Christos V. Bourantas, Hector M. Garcia-Garcia
Summary: Current understanding of flow through the circuit of left ventricular assist device (LVAD), left ventricle and ascending aorta is incomplete, with computational fluid dynamics being used to analyze flow patterns. LVAD-specific factors and patient-specific factors interact to affect flow patterns, with suboptimal patterns increasing the risk of complications. Computational fluid dynamics simulations can help understand how different pumps and patient factors influence blood flow patterns, offering insights to mitigate risks associated with LVAD complications.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan, Dawnie Ho Hei Lau, Yiting Fan, Alex Pui-Wai Lee
Summary: Normal aging leads to decreased circulation of the E-vortex and increased circulation of the A-vortex. The circulation of the different vortices correlated with different echocardiographic parameters. Despite changes in vortex patterns, energy loss did not significantly differ in older individuals. Maintained energy efficiency accompanies vortex pattern changes in aging hearts.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
O. Outrata, M. Pavelka, J. Hron, M. La Mantia, J. I. Polanco, G. Krstulovic
Summary: The study examines the use of particles to capture the dynamics of isolated vortex rings in a quiescent fluid through numerical simulations. Lagrangian pseudovorticity field can be used to estimate the propagation velocity and growth of isolated vortex rings, but reconstruction of corresponding vorticity fields remains challenging. Particles with high inertia may bias the pseudovorticity fields, impacting the estimation of vortex ring properties.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Yan Qiang, Tianci Duan, Minzu Zhang, Liang Qi, Liejiang Wei, Wenqi Zhong
Summary: Artificial heart valve replacement is the most effective method for treating valvular heart disease, but complications can arise from the dysfunction of the mechanical valve. This study investigated the impact of mitral valve leaflet dysfunction on left ventricular blood flow using a left heart circulation pulsatile flow system. The results showed that impaired valve leaflets can alter the flow pattern and increase shear stress, potentially leading to damage to blood cells.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Ahmet Demirkiran, Mariella E. C. J. Hassell, Pankaj Garg, Mohammed S. M. Elbaz, Ronak Delewi, John P. Greenwood, Jan J. Piek, Sven Plein, Rob J. van der Geest, Robin Nijveldt
Summary: In this study, the researchers used 4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to investigate the differences in left ventricular (LV) flow between chronic myocardial infarction (MI) patients with and without left ventricular thrombus (LVT), as well as healthy controls. They found that MI patients with LVT had altered LV flow components, irregular vorticity vector fields, and changes in diastolic vortex ring geometric properties compared to those without LVT. These findings suggest potential links between global LV flow characteristics and LVT formation.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Weiyu Shen, Jie Yao, Fazle Hussain, Yue Yang
Summary: In this study, a new method for quantifying twist in viscous flows is proposed, which allows for the characterization of coiling vortex lines and internal structures within a vortex. This method is important for understanding laminar-turbulence transition, vortex instability, reconnection, and breakdown.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Weiyu Shen, Jie Yao, Fazle Hussain, Yue Yang
Summary: This study investigates the topological transition and helicity conversion of vortex torus knots and links using numerical simulations. Three topological transitional routes are found, including merging, reconnection, and transition to turbulence. The transition depends on both the initial topology and geometry of the knots/links. Different transition mechanisms are observed for small, large, and moderate torus aspect ratios.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Sean Ortiz, Vi Vu, Ricardo Montes, Karen May-Newman
Summary: Improper positioning of LVAD inflow cannula can lead to stasis and thromboembolism, but can be mitigated with LVAD speed modulation. The study found that angulation of the inflow cannula towards the septum increased resistance to LVAD flow and size of the counter-clockwise vortex, while protrusion of the cannula decreased flow resistance and increased velocity within the cannula. Despite the impact on flow architecture, pulsatility reduction with increased LVAD speed was minimal.
Article
Mechanics
Guodong Gai, Anthony Wachs
Summary: We investigate the mechanism and distribution pattern of streamwise vorticity generation in an unbounded steady inertial flow past a fixed Platonic polyhedron. Our study provides evidence that the tilting of transverse vorticity originating from the particle front surface is the primary cause of streamwise vorticity generation. The vorticity patterns show symmetry with the particle front surface and can be used as a diagnostic tool for inferring the particle's front surface geometry and predicting its stable angular position.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Jacques Vanneste
Summary: This study investigates the dynamics of a two-dimensional incompressible perfect fluid on a Mobius strip embedded in R-3, deriving the vorticity-stream function formulation of the Euler equations. The non-orientability of the Mobius strip leads to unique properties and challenges, with a focus on circulation conservation along the strip's single boundary and the absence of integral conservation for vorticity density or odd functions. A finite-difference numerical implementation illustrates phenomena like vortex translation, shear instability, and decaying turbulence on the Mobius strip.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Vikas S. Krishnamurthy, Miles H. Wheeler, Darren G. Crowdy, Adrian Constantin
Summary: A new class of exact solutions to the steady, incompressible Euler equation on the plane is presented in this study, forming a theoretical structure known as a Liouville chain. The solutions consist of a set of stationary point vortices embedded in a background sea of Liouville-type vorticity, with parameters leading to the development of new pure point vortex equilibria. The study demonstrates the existence of hybrid equilibria that can have finite or infinite links in the Liouville chain.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Hadar Ben-Arzi, Arka Das, Christopher Kelly, Rob J. van der Geest, Sven Plein, Erica Dall'Armellina
Summary: This study investigated the longitudinal changes in intraventricular flow post-STEMI and its predictive relevance of long-term cardiac remodeling. The results showed that patients with reduced ejection fraction retained significantly higher systolic kinetic energy, while preserved ejection fraction patients had persistently higher peakE-wave kinetic energy throughout the study period.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
G. A. M. van Kuik
Summary: This article introduces the significance of Prandtl's force field method in modern wind energy research and classifies and analyzes which type of body force field generates vorticity and converts energy. In addition, by re-deriving the Kutta-Joukowsky load and the relation between bound and trailing vorticity of a wing, it confirms the consistency between the force field method and the load output analysis method.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Tanvir Ahmed, Byron D. Erath
Summary: This experiment explored the collision of discrete vortex rings on concave hemispherical cavities using PLIF, PIV, and flow visualization techniques. Five different ratios of vortex ring to hemisphere cavity radius were investigated. The dynamics of vortex ring formation were significantly influenced by the size and geometry of the hemispherical cavity.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Donato Mele, Vittorio Smarrazzo, Gianni Pedrizzetti, Fabio Capasso, Marco Pepe, Salvatore Severino, Giovanni Andrea Luisi, Marco Maglione, Roberto Ferrari
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
(2019)
Article
Mechanics
Chiara Celotto, Luigino Zovatto, Dario Collia, Gianni Pedrizzetti
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MECHANICS B-FLUIDS
(2019)
Article
Biophysics
Gianni Pedrizzetti
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Radu Tanacli, Djawid Hashemi, Tomas Lapinskas, Frank Edelmann, Rolf Gebker, Gianni Pedrizzetti, Andreas Schuster, Eike Nagel, Burkert Pieske, Hans-Dirk Duengen, Sebastian Kelle
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2019)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tomoyuki Sato, Renzo J. C. Calderon, Berthold Klas, Gianni Pedrizzetti, Anirban Banerjee
CIRCULATION JOURNAL
(2020)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Dario Collia, Marija Vukicevic, Valentina Meschini, Luigino Zovatto, Gianni Pedrizzetti
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS
(2019)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Fabrizio Vallelonga, Lorenzo Airale, Giovanni Tonti, Edgar Argulian, Alberto Milan, Jagat Narula, Gianni Pedrizzetti
Summary: Over the past two decades, the potential relevance of blood flow in describing cardiac function has been recognized, leading to the promising approach of hemodynamic force (HDF) analysis for studying blood flow within the heart. HDF analysis can amplify mechanical abnormalities, detect signs of heart disease earlier, and potentially predict cardiac remodeling development.Through exploring intraventricular pressure gradients, HDF analysis holds the potential to revolutionize traditional cardiac function analysis in routine clinical care.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Francesco Ferrara, Francesco Capuano, Rosangela Cocchia, Brigida Ranieri, Carla Contaldi, Graziella Lacava, Valentina Capone, Salvatore Chianese, Salvatore Rega, Roberto Annunziata, Chiara Sepe, Andrea Salzano, Rodolfo Citro, Antonello D'Andrea, Ciro Mauro, Filippo Cademartiri, Gianni Pedrizzetti, Eduardo Bossone
Summary: This study investigated the parameters of left ventricular hemodynamic forces in healthy subjects, finding that HDFs were higher in men and correlated with factors such as age and body surface area. These findings suggest the potential for implementing HDFs into clinical practice for a more comprehensive assessment of LV function.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Andre La Gerche, Gianni Pedrizzetti, Brigida Ranieri, Antonello D'Andrea, Eduardo Bossone
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Dario Collia, Giulia Pedrizzetti, Tomoyuki Sato, Daisuke Matsubara, Luigino Zovatto, Massimiliano Gei, Anirban Banerjee, Gianni Pedrizzetti
Summary: This study analyzes the cardiac adaptation in children with a single right ventricle (SRV) in their heart and reveals that the SRV tries to adapt to fulfill the role of the systemic ventricle despite its developmental defect. The findings show that although the SRV increases in volume and geometry, its fluid dynamics is weak and its structural consistency is lower, making it more prone to progressive dysfunctional adaptations.
PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alessandro Vairo, Lorenzo Zaccaro, Andrea Ballatore, Lorenzo Airale, Fabrizio D'Ascenzo, Gianluca Alunni, Federico Conrotto, Luca Scudeler, Daniela Mascaretti, Davide Miccoli, Michele La Torre, Mauro Rinaldi, Gianni Pedrizzetti, Stefano Salizzoni, Gaetano Maria De Ferrari
Summary: Echocardiographic evaluation of hemodynamic forces (HDFs) can predict improvement in left ventricular (LV) function after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in patients with severe aortic stenosis. HDF parameters significantly improved after the procedure, while global longitudinal strain and LV ejection fraction showed no significant difference. Analysis of HDFs can differentiate patients with LV function recovery from those with persistent hemodynamic dysfunction after TAVI.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jacqueline L. Vos, Anne G. Raafs, Michiel T. H. M. Henkens, Gianni Pedrizzetti, Caroline J. van Deursen, Laura Rodwell, Stephane R. B. Heymans, Robin Nijveldt
Summary: The study aims to evaluate the pathological characteristics and prognostic value of left ventricular blood flow in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients. It is found that pressure reversal during systolic-diastolic transition predicts worse outcome in DCM patients. In patients without pressure reversal, lower systolic ejection force, E-wave decelerative force, and overall left ventricular intraventricular pressure gradients are powerful predictors of outcome.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
D. Collia, E. Angeli, L. Careddu, G. Pedrizzetti
Summary: Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a fetal heart malformation that affects ventricular chambers. This study uses numerical simulations to analyze a complete DORV case and demonstrates the impact of an interventricular septal defect (VSD) on fluid dynamic performance. The analysis provides important information for clinical management and treatment intervention.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Donato Mele, Riccardo Beccari, Gianni Pedrizzetti
Summary: In recent years, there has been increasing interest in studying the effects of aging on kinetic energy and kinetic energy dissipation within the cardiac chambers. Current studies using cardiac imaging techniques suggest that aging affects the energetics of left and right intraventricular blood flow, although the impact on different energy measures during the cardiac cycle may vary. However, more large-scale multicenter investigations are needed to fully understand the effects of physiological variables on intraventricular energy measures.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Dario Collia, Gianni Pedrizzetti
Summary: The study reveals the importance of valve asymmetry in modern cardiac surgery, as the correct choice of leaflet reconstruction can greatly impact patient's long-term survival. By conducting numerical simulations on a healthy ventricle and an ideal valve with varying degrees of valve asymmetry, the research identifies the optimal asymmetry range for valve repair or prosthetic design to be between 0.2 and 0.4, with an optimal point of about 0.3. Beyond this range, the heart is subjected to excessive workload, which can worsen the patient's health condition.
