Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
[Anonymous]
Summary: This review aims to provide the latest literature on the processing of insect biomass and its impact on nutritive value. It further discusses the implementation of insect-derived meals and fats in livestock, aquaculture, and companion animal diets, and their effects on growth performance, metabolic response, and gastrointestinal microbiota shifts. The review also addresses the challenges in obtaining unified products in terms of their nutritive value, including defining insects' nutrient requirements and biomass processing. Currently, the limited infrastructure for insect production restricts the use of insect products as functional feed additives in animal diets, with the exception of pet nutrition. More scientific data are needed, particularly as the pet food industry and insect-based diets are rapidly growing.
Article
Agronomy
Lucille Steinmetz, Patrick Veysset, Marc Benoit, Bertrand Dumont
Summary: This study used ecological network analysis to examine interactions within organic farms and between farms and their environments, finding that diversified organic farming systems can enhance performance by increasing interactions between components. Additionally, factors such as farm and herd size, presence of monogastrics, percentage of crops in the farm area, and system activity indicators were found to impact farm performance.
AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Frances Margaret Titterington, Rachel Knox, Steven James Morrison, Masoud Shirali
Summary: The study finds that genetic selection for cattle with better temperament can reduce the risk of cattle causing harm to humans and property. By conducting a literature search, the research examines heritability, genomic associations, and correlations between behavioral and production traits. The results suggest that large population studies provide more accurate heritability estimates, and gene associations with behavioral traits are found on most chromosomes. The study also concludes that there is a low correlation between behavior and production traits. A large-scale study of a specific population is needed to further understand the genetic relationships.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Richard York
Summary: Despite the increase in consumption of poultry, fish, and aquatic invertebrates, it has not suppressed the consumption of other meat sources. This suggests that overall meat consumption is still rising and contributing to climate and environmental issues.
NATURE SUSTAINABILITY
(2021)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jean Noblet, Shu-Biao Wu, Mingan Choct
Summary: This paper reviews the methods for evaluating the energy content of feed for monogastric animals, with a focus on net energy (NE). Energy digestibility in pigs and poultry depends on feed characteristics, technology, and animal factors. The concept of adjusted metabolisable energy (ME) and true ME (TME) were developed for poultry. Evaluating dietary NE is more complex and depends on various factors. Standardised NE values can be used to calculate NE prediction equations for ingredients and compound feeds.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sasha A. S. van der Klein, Owen W. Willems, Martin J. Zuidhof
Summary: This study compared the parameter estimates of growth models in different genders and lines of turkeys and evaluated the variation in parameter estimates of female turkeys using mono- and diphasic Gompertz growth models. The results showed that growth curve shapes were different between different genders and lines of turkeys, but inflection points were similar. The diphasic Gompertz models described growth better than monophasic models. These findings provide important tools for improved breeding practices and studying the effects of dietary or environmental factors on turkey growth trajectories.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Lamiaa Hamie, Edward Eid, Joanna Khalil, Rayah Touma Sawaya, Ossama Abbas, Mazen Kurban
Summary: It is crucial to early recognize childhood mental health disorders through history taking, physical examination, and testing for timely intervention. Prompt psychiatric screening and intervention can effectively alleviate, prevent, or reverse the psychiatric sequelae in question. This review aims to inform physicians of the manifestations and treatment strategies relevant to psychological sequelae of genodermatoses.
POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Francois Meurens, Frederic Carlin, Michel Federighi, Maria-Eleni Filippitzi, Matthieu Fournier, Philippe Fravalo, Jean-Pierre Ganiere, Lionel Grisot, Laurent Guillier, Didier Hilaire, Pauline Kooh, Sophie Le Bouquin-Leneveu, Caroline Le Marechal, Christelle Mazuet, Herve Morvan, Karine Petit, Jean-Pierre Vaillancourt, Cedric Woudstra
Summary: Clostridium botulinum is the main pathogen causing botulism in humans and animals. Different toxinotypes of the bacteria affect different species, with types A, B, and E being commonly found in humans, and types C, D, C/D, and D/C mainly affecting birds and cattle. However, the knowledge about these less common toxinotypes and their impact on animal and human health is limited. This review presents the current understanding of toxinotypes C, D, C/D, and D/C in cattle and poultry, including their epidemiological cycles and zoonotic potential.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Heidi Ledford
Summary: Dolly-style animal cloning is the foundation of CRISPR livestock, but significant changes are expected in this field.
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Elisabete Fernandes, Anabela Raymundo, Luisa Louro Martins, Madalena Lordelo, Andre M. de Almeida
Summary: Temperature and humidity have significant impacts on animals, especially birds. High temperature can cause financial losses in poultry production. Strategies such as using high-temperature tolerant strains can mitigate the effects of heat stress.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tony Kess, J. Brian Dempson, Sarah J. Lehnert, Kara K. S. Layton, Anthony Einfeldt, Paul Bentzen, Sarah J. Salisbury, Amber M. Messmer, Steven Duffy, Daniel E. Ruzzante, Cameron M. Nugent, Moira M. Ferguson, Jong S. Leong, Ben F. Koop, Michael F. O'Connell, Ian R. Bradbury
Summary: The study on Arctic Charr in Gander Lake, Newfoundland, Canada, revealed genetic divergence between deep-water and shallow-water morphs, with genes involved in gene expression, DNA repair, cardiac function, and membrane transport being highlighted as key factors in adaptation to extreme deep-water environments.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Motuma Debelo, Nezif Mohammed, Abebaw Tiruneh, Tadele Tolosa
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of thermophilic Campylobacter species in bovine, knives, and personnel in Jimma Town, Ethiopia. The overall prevalence was 5.6%, with the majority of isolates coming from fecal samples. The isolates showed resistance to multiple antibiotics but were susceptible to others.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Xue Zhang, K. Virellia To, Tessa R. Jarvis, Yan L. Campbell, Jasmine D. Hendrix, Surendranath P. Suman, Shuting Li, Daniel S. Antonelo, Wei Zhai, Jing Chen, Haining Zhu, M. Wes Schilling
Summary: Wooden or woody breast is a myopathy that affects the pectoralis major in fast-growing broilers, leading to lower meat quality. Variability in the incidence of wooden breast exists among different broiler strains, and differences in weight and breast yield can be observed between strains. Proteomic analysis indicates that different broiler genetics and the presence of wooden breast myopathy contribute to variations in the protein profiles of broiler breast meat.
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Jean-Luc Gourdine, Wendy Mercedes Rauw, Helene Gilbert, Nausicaa Poullet
Summary: Heat stress affects pig performance and welfare, genetic selection for heat tolerance is a promising long-term option. Genetic studies on thermoregulation in pigs and challenges in improving heat tolerance are discussed in this review.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Prarthi Sagar, Ajmal Aseem, Santosh Kumar Banjara, Shobi Veleri
Summary: The global spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is depleting the supply of antibiotics while the development of new antibiotics remains stagnant. Millions of people are killed annually due to AMR, prompting urgent action from scientific and civil bodies. This review focuses on the various sources of AMR, particularly within the food chain, which serves as a conduit for transmitting AMR pathogens. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics in livestock and agriculture, as well as nosocomial settings, contributes to the emergence of AMR pathogens. A comprehensive approach, utilizing technologies such as new generation sequencing, metagenomics, and bioinformatics, is necessary to monitor and understand the emergence and transmission of AMR.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Ronan Griot, Francois Allal, Florence Phocas, Sophie Brard-Fudulea, Romain Morvezen, Anastasia Bestin, Pierrick Haffray, Yoannah Francois, Thierry Morin, Charles Poncet, Alain Vergnet, Sophie Cariou, Joseph Brunier, Jean-Sebastien Bruant, Bruno Peyrou, Pierre-Alexandre Gagnaire, Marc Vandeputte
Summary: This study identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in VNN resistance in European sea bass, with one QTL on chromosome LG12 showing a strong effect. The high-density SNP chip panel developed for genotyping individuals and performing QTL mapping could have a significant impact on the aquaculture industry. Future work focusing on fine mapping the causal mutation on LG12 using whole genome sequencing is recommended.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Carole Blay, Pierrick Haffray, Jerome Bugeon, Jonathan D'Ambrosio, Nicolas Dechamp, Guylaine Collewet, Florian Enez, Vincent Petit, Xavier Cousin, Genevieve Corraze, Florence Phocas, Mathilde Dupont-Nivet
Summary: This study focused on estimating genetic parameters and detecting QTLs associated with growth, yield, and quality traits in rainbow trout. Heritability estimates for most traits were found to be moderate to strong, with polygenic traits identified. Genome-wide association studies identified genomic regions and candidate genes for further validation. MRI showed promise for measuring fat content and distribution, while digital image analysis was useful for quantifying color-related traits.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
M. Guichard, B. Dainat, S. Eynard, A. Vignal, B. Servin, M. Neuditschko, Sonia Eynard, Bertrand Servin, Rachid Mahla, Yannick Poquet, Francois Guillaume, Yves Le Conte, Benjamin Basso, Florence Phocas, Olivier Bouchez
Summary: The study utilized pooled whole-genome sequences to analyze genetic variation in honey bee colonies and identified multiple QTLs associated with calmness and gentleness, mainly affecting the olfaction and nervous system of honey bees. Further research is needed to confirm the results and better understand the genetic and phenotypic basis of these traits.
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Katy Paul, Jonathan D'Ambrosio, Florence Phocas
Summary: Recent studies have found moderate to high levels of inbreeding in farmed rainbow trout lines, impacting traits such as spawning date and egg weight. Different genomic regions show variable effects of inbreeding on traits, highlighting the complexity of inbreeding depression and its genetic architecture. Region-specific metrics may help in accurately managing the trade-off between genetic merit and the negative effects of inbreeding.
EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
L. Marandel, C. Heraud, V. Veron, J. Laithier, M. Marchand, E. Quillet, T. Callet, M. Dupont-Nivet, F. Medale
Summary: This study aims to investigate the effects of a 100% plant-based diet on hepatic DNA methylation in trout and evaluate whether these changes depend on fish genetic background. The results show that a plant-based diet induces changes in the hepatic DNA methylation of two trout lines, which may be attributed to either decreased feed intake or the dietary composition effect.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Maria Bernard, Audrey Dehaullon, Guangtu Gao, Katy Paul, Henri Lagarde, Mathieu Charles, Martin Prchal, Jeanne Danon, Lydia Jaffrelo, Charles Poncet, Pierre Patrice, Pierrick Haffray, Edwige Quillet, Mathilde Dupont-Nivet, Yniv Palti, Delphine Lallias, Florence Phocas
Summary: This study developed an Affymetrix 665K SNP array (HD chip) for rainbow trout using existing variant datasets and whole genome sequencing. The HD chip showed high rates of linkage disequilibrium at 2-10 kb in the rainbow trout genome, compared to the usual distances between markers of the medium-density chip.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
H. Lagarde, F. Phocas, S. Pouil, L. Goardon, M. Bideau, F. Guyvarc'h, L. Labbe, N. Dechamp, M. Prchal, M. Dupont-Nivet, D. Lallias
Summary: Global warming is expected to increase heatwaves in fish farms, leading to more frequent and intense occurrences of acute hyperthermia and hypoxia in fish. These conditions can result in growth losses, increased pathogens pressure, and mortality. Selective breeding shows promise in improving resistance to non-optimal water quality, but the specific traits need further characterization before inclusion in selection programs. This study found significant variation in resistance to acute hyperthermia and hypoxia among genotypes of rainbow trout, with stability in rankings observed over a year. There was no overall relationship between resistance to these two stressors, suggesting no strong genetic trade-offs.
Article
Fisheries
M. Prchal, J. D'Ambrosio, H. Lagarde, D. Lallias, P. Patrice, Y. Francois, C. Poncet, A. Desgranges, P. Haffray, M. Dupont-Nivet, F. Phocas
Summary: Hypoxia poses a significant threat to the aquaculture sector and results in economic losses. This study focused on exploring the genetic potential for improving hypoxia tolerance in rainbow trout through a genome-wide association study. Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified, but they explained a relatively small percentage of the variance. However, the heritability of hypoxia tolerance was estimated to be moderate, suggesting the possibility of genetic selection to improve this trait. Additionally, potential candidate genes related to hypoxia tolerance were proposed.
Article
Fisheries
K. Paul, P. Pelisser, L. Goardon, N. Dechamp, J. Danon, L. Jaffrelo, C. Poncet, M. Dupont-Nivet, F. Phocas
Summary: Reproductive success and offspring survival of fish are important for fish fitness and aquaculture development. The variance in offspring survival and its impact on genetic diversity were studied in rainbow trout. The results showed unbalanced dam contributions to survival at different stages and low heritability of early survival traits, with maternal effects playing a larger role. Phenotypically, offspring early survival was correlated with dam fecundity and dam post-spawning weight. Promoting high fecund females could help improve offspring early survival and maintain genetic diversity in breeding programs.
AQUACULTURE REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Antoine Jourdan, Romain Morvezen, Florian Enez, Pierrick Haffray, Adeline Lange, Emilie Vetois, Francois Allal, Florence Phocas, Jerome Bugeon, Lionel Degremont, Pierre Boudry
Summary: Selective breeding programs have been initiated for the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, using genomic tools to improve growth and disease resistance. The study evaluated the potential of genomic selection (GS) for growth-related and shell color traits in commercially selected populations. The results showed a high correlation between growth-related traits and low correlation with color traits. The accuracy of prediction was higher with the genomic model compared to the classical model, indicating the potential of GS in mixed-family breeding programs for C. gigas.
Article
Fisheries
Simon Pouil, Thierry Kerneis, Edwige Quillet, Laurent Labbe, Delphine Lallias, Florence Phocas, Mathilde Dupont-Nivet
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the correlations between fish feed efficiency (FE) and potential predictive criteria in rainbow trout. The results showed significant correlations between feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI) with feed intake, but no significant association was found with body weight variations as a predictive criterion. In addition, a strong positive correlation was found between the number of feed demands in feeding behavior and RFI. Overall, this study provides guidance for the aquaculture industry in assessing feed efficiency in fish.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Henri Lagarde, Delphine Lallias, Pierre Patrice, Audrey Dehaullon, Martin Prchal, Yoannah Francois, Jonathan D'Ambrosio, Emilien Segret, Ana Acin-Perez, Frederic Cachelou, Pierrick Haffray, Mathilde Dupont-Nivet, Florence Phocas
Summary: This study reveals the genetic architecture of acute hyperthermia resistance in juvenile rainbow trout, demonstrating the potential for selective breeding and its minimal impact on other major production traits. It also identifies candidate genes associated with acute hyperthermia resistance, providing new insights into the physiological mechanisms of heat resistance.
GENETICS SELECTION EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Emilie Delpuech, Marc Vandeputte, Romain Morvezen, Anastasia Bestin, Mathieu Besson, Joseph Brunier, Aline Bajek, Boudjema Imarazene, Yoannah Francois, Olivier Bouchez, Xavier Cousin, Charles Poncet, Thierry Morin, Jean-Sebastien Bruant, Beatrice Chatain, Pierrick Haffray, Florence Phocas, Francois Allal
Summary: This study identified a genomic region associated with VNN resistance, including the ZDHHC14 and IFI6/IFI27-like genes. The findings can contribute to the improvement of sea bass breeding programs through marker-assisted genomic selection for more resistant fish.
GENETICS SELECTION EVOLUTION
(2023)