☆ 4.5 Article

Associations of maternal weight status prior and during pregnancy with neonatal cardiometabolic markers at birth: the Healthy Start study

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY (2015)

Journal

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY

Volume 39, Issue 10, Pages 1437-1442

Publisher

SPRINGERNATURE

DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.109

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Funding

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Awards [R01-DK076648]
Nutrition and Obesity Research Center Metabolic Core lab [P30-DK048520]
National Institute of Child Health and Development [T32-HD007186]
NIH/National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences Colorado Clinical and Translational Science Institute [UL1 TR001082]
[F32-DK101179]

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Maternal obesity increases adult offspring risk for cardiovascular disease; however, the role of offspring adiposity in mediating this association remains poorly characterized. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the associations of maternal pre-pregnant body mass index (maternal BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) with neonatal cardiometabolic markers independent of fetal growth and neonatal adiposity. METHODS: A total of 753 maternal-infant pairs from the Healthy Start study, a large multiethnic pre-birth observational cohort were used. Neonatal cardiometabolic markers included cord blood glucose, insulin, glucose-to-insulin ratio (Glu/Ins), total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides, free fatty acids and leptin. Maternal BMI was abstracted from medical records or self-reported. GWG was calculated as the difference between the first pre-pregnant weight and the last weight measurement before delivery. Neonatal adiposity (percent fat mass) was measured within 72 h of delivery using whole-body air-displacement plethysmography. RESULTS: In covariate adjusted models, maternal BMI was positively associated with cord blood insulin (P = 0.01) and leptin (P < 0.001) levels, and inversely associated with cord blood HDL-c (P = 0.05) and Glu/Ins (P = 0.003). Adjustment for fetal growth or neonatal adiposity attenuated the effect of maternal BMI on neonatal insulin, rendering the association nonsignificant. However, maternal BMI remained associated with higher leptin (P < 0.0011), lower HDL-c (P = 0.02) and Glu/Ins (P = 0.05), independent of neonatal adiposity. GWG was positively associated with neonatal insulin (P = 0.02), glucose (P = 0.03) and leptin levels (P < 0.001) and negatively associated with Glu/Ins (P = 0.006). After adjusting for neonatal adiposity, GWG remained associated with higher neonatal glucose (P = 0.02) and leptin levels (P = 0.02) and lower Glu/Ins (P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal weight prior and/or during pregnancy is associated with neonatal cardiometabolic makers including leptin, glucose and HDL-c at delivery, independent of neonatal adiposity. Our results suggest that intrauterine exposure to maternal obesity influences metabolic processes beyond fetal growth and fat accretion.

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Associations of maternal motor vehicle crashes during pregnancy with offspring's neonatal birth outcomes

Ya-Hui Chang, Yu-Wen Chien, Chiung-Hsin Chang, Ping-Ling Chen, Tsung-Hsueh Lu, I-Lin Hsu, Chung-Yi Li

Summary: This study investigated the association between maternal exposure to motor vehicle crashes during pregnancy and the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes. The results showed that offspring exposed to maternal MVCs during pregnancy had a higher risk of birth defects, especially in the early stages of pregnancy. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms linking maternal exposure to MVCs and birth defects.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (2023)