Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Roseleena Minz, Praveen Kumar Sharma, Arvind Negi, Kavindra Kumar Kesari
Summary: Various clinical reports indicate that prolonged exposure to general anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity leads to behavior changes in memory and cognition. However, engineered miRNAs have shown potential in mitigating neurotoxicity and could be used as prophylactics and therapeutics. Challenges and feasibility of using miRNAs as therapeutic agents are discussed, along with updates on the novel neuro-miRNAs related to therapy against neurotoxicity induced by amyloid beta and Parkinson's disease.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Natcharee Kraiwattanapirom, Pongphat Komlao, Aurakoch Harnpramukkul, Kitipong Promyo, Sukonthar Ngampramuan, Banthit Chetsawang
Summary: This study investigated the protective role of melatonin against methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in rats, showing that melatonin pretreatment can reduce cognitive deficits related to neurotransmission dysregulation caused by methamphetamine. Methamphetamine administration resulted in various neurotoxic features, which were alleviated by melatonin pretreatment.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Toxicology
Dong-Suk Kim, Isaac N. Pessah, Cristina M. Santana, Benton S. Purnell, Rui Li, Gordon F. Buchanan, Wilson K. Rumbeiha
Summary: Acute exposure to high concentrations of H2S can cause sudden death and neurological disorders. H2S exposure suppresses electrocerebral activity and disrupts breathing. Inhibition of certain Ca2+ channels and activation of TRP channels can prevent H2S-induced neurological damage.
TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ju Tang, Weixia Duan, Ping Deng, Huijuan Li, Cong Liu, Yu Duan, Min Feng, Shangcheng Xu
Summary: Cadmium exposure slows down the rapid movement of mitochondria in neurons, leading to abnormal distribution and excessive fragmentation of mitochondria, ultimately causing mitochondrial membrane potential loss and neuronal damage. Chelating overloaded cytosolic calcium is a promising strategy to prevent cadmium-induced neurotoxicity.
Review
Cell Biology
Giulia Di Benedetto, Chiara Burgaletto, Carlo Maria Bellanca, Antonio Munafo, Renato Bernardini, Giuseppina Cantarella
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia worldwide and is characterized by cerebral atrophy, amyloid-beta plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles. Recent research has recognized neuroinflammation as an important feature of the AD brain, and dysregulation of calcium homeostasis is also implicated in the disease progression. However, there is limited understanding of the specific role of calcium in astrocytes and microglia, as well as its contribution in both healthy states and throughout the AD continuum.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Isaac A. Adedara, Oluwadarasimi E. Atanda, Camila Sant'Anna Monteiro, Denis B. Rosemberg, Michael Aschner, Ebenezer O. Farombi, Joao B. T. Rocha, Ana Flavia Furian, Tatiana Emanuelli
Summary: This review discusses the neurotoxicity of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and its impact on the nervous system. Mechanisms of AFB1-induced neuronal dysregulation and neurotoxic effects are uncovered through studies using brain homogenates, neuroblastoma cell line IMR-32, human brain microvascular endothelial cells, microglial cells, and astrocytes, as well as mammalian and non-mammalian models. Furthermore, naturally occurring bioactive compounds with therapeutic effects on AFB1-induced neurotoxicity are reviewed.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maithili Joshi, Siddhi Joshi, Mihir Khambete, Mariam Degani
Summary: Calcium dysregulation is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and understanding its mechanisms is crucial for developing new therapies. This review provides a detailed account of the physiology of calcium homeostasis and its dysregulation in AD, as well as discussions on calcium channel blockers and multitarget molecules explored in AD research.
CHEMICAL BIOLOGY & DRUG DESIGN
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carmen Nanclares, Andres Mateo Baraibar, Alfonso Araque, Paulo Kofuji
Summary: Recent studies investigate the role of astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that their active involvement at synapses could lead to synaptic and neuronal network dysfunction, as well as cognitive impairment in AD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daan C. 't Hart, Johan van der Vlag, Tom Nijenhuis
Summary: Excessive activation of the immune system is a cause of renal diseases, but the mechanisms behind the abnormal activation of the immune system in the kidneys are often unknown. TRPC6 plays a role in glomerular filtration and is involved in kidney injuries by causing podocyte injury. There is also evidence that TRPC6 is involved in regulating immune cell functions. This review summarizes the current knowledge on how TRPC6 coordinates immune cell functions and proposes a hypothesis that TRPC6 might play a pivotal role in the development of kidney injury by its involvement in the immune system.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amanda Formosa, Paul Turgeon, Claudia C. dos Santos
Summary: This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of miRNAs in sepsis, highlighting the consistent directional changes of certain miRNAs in the peripheral blood of septic patients and their association with endothelial dysfunction. The findings suggest the potential of miRNAs for prompt diagnostics, prognostication, and therapeutic interventions in sepsis.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Julia Panov, Hanoch Kaphzan
Summary: The study identified dysregulated calcium-related genes in the hippocampus of AS mouse models, which were also found in other human cellular models, strengthening the findings. The compromised calcium signaling in Angelman syndrome may have significant downstream implications and implications for other neurodevelopmental disorders.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhe Li, Yang Liu, Ruixue Wei, V. Wee Yong, Mengzhou Xue
Summary: Zinc is an abundant metal ion in the CNS, playing a crucial role in physiological and pathological brain functions. It promotes antioxidant effects, neurogenesis, and immune system responses. Zinc regulates gene expression, activates enzymes, and acts as a regulator of synaptic activity and neuronal plasticity. Changes in zinc status can impact neurological diseases, including stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, traumatic brain injuries, and depression. This review explores the mechanisms of brain zinc balance, the role of zinc in neurological diseases, and strategies for prevention and treatment.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rekha Koravadi Narasimhamurthy, Babu Santhi Venkidesh, Sangeetha Nayak, Dinesh Reghunathan, Sandeep Mallya, Krishna Sharan, Bola Sadashiva Satish Rao, Kamalesh Dattaram Mumbrekar
Summary: Neurodegenerative disorders pose a serious threat to the global elderly population, and their etiology is often multifactorial. This study investigated the effects of malathion and radiation in mice, and found alterations in signaling pathways and pathways associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, increased astrogliosis, neuronal cell death, and structural changes in neurons were observed. These findings provide important insights into external factor-driven neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative pathogenesis.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qiudong Yang, Ziwei Zhao, Wenhua Zhao, Yue Chen, Yuyi Chen, Jiali Shi, Qiaoqi Ni, Yanan Cao, Xu Sun, Hua Wang, Hua Yuan, Ruixia Wang, Wen Sun
Summary: Calcium modulates bone cell recruitment, differentiation, and function through the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). This study investigated the role of CaSR induced by high extracellular calcium (Ca-e(2+)) in regulating osteoclast formation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) mice. The results showed that high Ca-e(2+) inhibited osteoclast differentiation in RA mice through the CaSR/NF-kappa B/NFATc1 pathway.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Vassiliki Aroniadou-Anderjaska, Taiza H. Figueiredo, Marcio de Araujo Furtado, Volodymyr I. Pidoplichko, Maria F. M. Braga
Summary: Organophosphorus compounds have diverse applications, but can be highly toxic in high doses or chronic exposure. They inhibit acetylcholinesterase, resulting in toxic effects. Acute exposure leads to surplus acetylcholine, causing seizures and cholinergic crisis, potentially leading to death.
