Article
Immunology
Xin-Qiang Yao, Jia-Ying Chen, Zi-Han Yu, Zu-Cheng Huang, Regan Hamel, Yong-Qiang Zeng, Zhi-Ping Huang, Ke-Wu Tu, Jun-Hao Liu, Yan-Meng Lu, Zhi-Tao Zhou, Stefano Pluchino, Qing-An Zhu, Jian-Ting Chen
Summary: The study identified APOE as a crucial hub gene in macrophages and microglia following spinal cord injury, playing a key role in neuroinflammation and recovery. Knocking out APOE exacerbated neurological dysfunction, increased neuroinflammation, and worsened white matter loss.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tobias Zrzavy, Carmen Schwaiger, Isabella Wimmer, Thomas Berger, Jan Bauer, Oleg Butovsky, Jan M. Schwab, Hans Lassmann, Romana Hoeftberger
Summary: This study provides a detailed characterization of inflammatory responses and oxidative tissue injury in human traumatic spinal cord injury lesions. It reveals that ongoing inflammatory responses and neurotoxicity could lead to sustained neuronal damage long after the initial trauma, potentially impacting the response to rehabilitation and recovery in patients.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sydney Brockie, James Hong, Michael G. Fehlings
Summary: Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the development of spinal cord injury, with microglia being key players in modulating the inflammatory response. Microglia interact with different cell types to facilitate injury response, but further research is needed to fully understand their mechanisms of action and spatial and temporal profiles.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Yue Guo, Peng Zhang, Haosen Zhao, Chang Xu, Sen Lin, Xifan Mei, He Tian
Summary: In this study, melatonin was found to promote the beneficial polarization of microglia from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammation, decrease ROS activity, and restore mitochondrial metabolism. Melatonin may have therapeutic potential for neuroinflammation-related neurological disorders, such as spinal cord injury.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessia Filippone, Deborah Mannino, Laura Cucinotta, Irene Paterniti, Emanuela Esposito, Michela Campolo
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the role of PF06447475 as a pharmacological LRRK2 antagonist in counteracting the pathological consequences of spinal cord trauma. By using an in vivo model of SCI induced by extradural compression, it was found that treatment with PF-475 significantly reduced spinal cord tissue injury, glycogen accumulation, and demyelination of neurons associated with trauma. Additionally, LRRK2 antagonist treatment decreased oxidative stress and cytokine expression levels, suggesting that targeting LRRK2 activity could have direct effects on intervening in neuroinflammatory disorders.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mostafa Seblani, Patrick Decherchi, Jean-Michel Brezun
Summary: Edema after spinal cord injury is a significant concern and can worsen the condition. The mechanisms behind the increase in water content after SCI are still not fully understood.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Zhou Feng, Lingxia Min, Liang Liang, Beike Chen, Hui Chen, Yi Zhou, Weiwei Deng, Hongliang Liu, Jingming Hou
Summary: It has been discovered that infiltrated neutrophils in spinal cord injury produce NETs, promoting neuroinflammation and blood-spinal cord barrier disruption, exacerbating SCI. Inhibition or disruption of NETs formation can alleviate damage and promote functional recovery after SCI.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Yilin Pang, Xinjie Liu, Xu Wang, Xuelian Shi, Lei Ma, Yan Zhang, Tiangang Zhou, Chenxi Zhao, Xu Zhang, Baoyou Fan, Jian Hao, Wenxiang Li, Xiaoqing Zhao, Rong Zhang, Songlin Zhou, Xiaohong Kong, Shiqing Feng, Xue Yao
Summary: Edaravone, an FDA-approved drug, has a neuroprotective effect on spinal cord injury and other central nervous system diseases. It exerts this effect by inhibiting ferroptosis and reducing neuroinflammation. The mechanism may be applicable to other neurological diseases.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Meng-Tong Xue, Wen-Jie Sheng, Xue Song, Yu-Jiao Shi, Zhi-Jun Geng, Lin Shen, Rui Wang, He-Zuo Lu, Jian-Guo Hu
Summary: ATL-III improves spinal cord injury by modulating microglial/macrophage polarization, and it possesses anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Weishi Liang, Bo Han, Yong Hai, Yuzeng Liu, Xing Liu, Jincai Yang, Duan Sun, Peng Yin
Summary: In this study, a porcine DSCI model was used to investigate the activation of microglia and macrophages, as well as changes in TLR4-mediated NF-kappa B and MAPK pathway activity after DSCIs. The results showed that DSCIs led to behavioral changes and pathological alterations in spinal cord tissues in pigs, along with changes in molecular expression related to neuroinflammation.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Femke Mussen, Jana Van Broeckhoven, Niels Hellings, Melissa Schepers, Tim Vanmierlo
Summary: Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by severe neuroinflammation and hampered neuroregeneration. Current therapies have limited effectiveness, so new strategies targeting the initial inflammatory reactions and promoting endogenous repair are crucial. Adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) regulates these processes and inhibiting its hydrolyzing enzyme phosphodiesterase (PDE) has shown promise in modulating inflammation and promoting regeneration. This review focuses on the immunomodulatory and neuroregenerative role of cAMP-specific PDE inhibition in SCI.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Qi-Ming Pang, Si-Yu Chen, Qi-Jing Xu, Meng Zhang, Da-Fei Liang, Sheng-Ping Fu, Jiang Yu, Zu-Lin Liu, Qian Zhang, Tao Zhang
Summary: This study reviews the effects of neuroinflammation on SCI, with a focus on the contributions and interactions of microglia and astrocytes. It also discusses therapeutic strategies to regulate their immunophenotype in order to suppress inflammation and improve injury prognosis.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wu Jiang, Fan He, Guoming Ding, Junsong Wu
Summary: This study investigated the effects of Top1 inhibition in a spinal cord injury (SCI) model. The results showed that administration of the Top1 inhibitor CPT improved locomotor functional recovery, reduced neuronal loss, and decreased neutrophil infiltration in mice with SCI. Additionally, CPT inhibited pyroptosis and suppressed neuroinflammation both in vivo and in vitro.
Article
Neurosciences
Wu Jiang, Fan He, Guoming Ding, Junsong Wu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of the novel mitochondria-targeted peptide EPT in spinal cord injury (SCI). The results showed that EPT improved locomotor functional recovery and reduced neuronal loss. EPT also inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, EPT alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species level. Therefore, EPT may protect against SCI by inhibiting pyroptosis.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Lintao Xu, Jingyu Wang, Yueming Ding, Linlin Wang, Yong-Jian Zhu
Summary: Microglia undergo activation, proliferation, and changes in gene and protein expression and morphology after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), leading to both detrimental and beneficial effects. Understanding and regulating microglial activation status is crucial for reducing harmful effects, promoting repair, and developing effective therapies for SCI.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)