Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jinghua Jin, Zhi Xu, Lina Zhang, Can Zhang, Xiaoduo Zhao, Yuxuan Mao, Haojian Zhang, Xingguang Liang, Juanli Wu, Ying Yang, Jing Zhang
Summary: Peripheral beta-amyloid (A beta), including gut-derived A beta, is believed to contribute to the formation of A beta plaques in the brain, and the gut microbiota has an impact on Alzheimer's disease (AD) through the gut-brain axis. This study investigated the potential interactions among gut-derived A beta, gut microbiota, and AD pathogenesis. The results showed that the gut is a critical source of A beta in the brain, and gut microbiota can upregulate A beta production in the gut, potentially contributing to AD pathogenesis.
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Caroline Machado Dartora, Wyllians Vendramini Borelli, Michel Koole, Ana Maria Marques da Silva
Summary: The review discusses the assessment of cognitive decline based on imaging differences and the relationship between imaging markers and their patterns with aging. However, there is currently no consensus among biomarkers regarding the relationship with cognitive decline and its trajectory. Further research and improvements are needed to better understand cognitive decline and develop effective treatment strategies.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Devin Wahl, Julie A. Moreno, Kelly S. Santangelo, Qian Zhang, Maryam F. Afzali, Maureen A. Walsh, Robert Musci, Alyssa N. Cavalier, Karyn L. Hamilton, Thomas J. LaRocca
Summary: Older age is the primary risk factor for most chronic diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Current preclinical models cannot completely replicate the disease and its age-dependence, and there has been limited success in translating preclinical results and treatments to humans. This study describes two nontransgenic guinea pig models that naturally mimic key features of brain aging and Alzheimer's disease in humans.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Patricia A. Boyle, Tianhao Wang, Lei Yu, Robert S. Wilson, Robert Dawe, Konstantinos Arfanakis, Julie A. Schneider, Todd Beck, Kumar B. Rajan, Denis Evans, David A. Bennett
Summary: The cognitive clock, a novel indicator of brain health, is a better predictor than chronological age for adverse outcomes such as Alzheimer's disease dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and mortality. It offers person-specific estimates of cognitive age and is strongly associated with neuropathology and brain atrophy, making it a useful biomarker in aging research.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giulia Sita, Agnese Graziosi, Camilla Corrieri, Luca Ghelli, Sabrina Angelini, Pietro Cortelli, Patrizia Hrelia, Fabiana Morroni
Summary: Alzheimer's disease, the most common type of dementia, is closely associated with aging. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is compromised in Alzheimer's disease due to the accumulation of beta-amyloid and phosphorylated Tau protein, leading to the activation of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). This study investigates the role of UPR in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease and identifies dysregulation of protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring protein 1 alpha (IRE1 alpha), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF-6) pathways.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Gyeong Yun Lee, Ok-Hyeon Kim, Eun Ran Kim, Hyun Jung Lee
Summary: This article focuses on the study of the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease. The biomechanical forces and substrate rigidity in the brain microenvironment change with age, affecting the function of glial cells and neurons. However, our understanding of the role of these biomechanical cues on glial cells and neurons is limited.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Oluwaseun Hannah Ademuyiwa, Beatrice Mofoluwaso Fasogbon, Oluwafemi Ayodeji Adebo
Summary: Brain aging is an inevitable aspect of old age, leading to changes in the brain such as shrinking of certain parts and decreased communication between neurons. Previous drug treatments for related ailments have had undesirable side effects, but recent research suggests the potential use of natural compounds. This review explores the potential of black pepper as a substance for managing brain aging.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Qiujian Yu, Xiaoqin Cheng
Summary: This study aimed to propose membrane aging as a critical pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and established a hydroxyurea-induced membrane aging model to further prove this hypothesis.
Article
Neurosciences
Jenna N. Adams, Theresa M. Harrison, Anne Maass, Suzanne L. Baker, William J. Jagust
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the initial accumulation of tau pathology and the predictive roles of age, AP, and neural activity in tau accumulation. The results showed that older age, higher neural activity, and higher baseline EC tau levels were associated with tau accumulation. Additionally, AP facilitated the spread of tau.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chanchal Sharma, Hanwoong Woo, Sang Ryong Kim
Summary: The blood-brain barrier is essential in maintaining the brain microenvironment, and disruptions to it can be linked to cognitive impairments such as Alzheimer's disease. By studying the mechanisms of BBB breakdown, we can better understand neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, BBB disruption can serve as a biomarker for diagnosing cognitive impairments.
Article
Neurosciences
Kaitlin E. Cassady, Jenna N. Adams, Xi Chen, Anne Maass, Theresa M. Harrison, Susan Landau, Suzanne Baker, William Jagust
Summary: In presymptomatic Alzheimer's disease, changes in the segregation of the brain's intrinsic functional episodic memory networks are associated with the accumulation of A beta, tau, and memory decline. Older adults showed less segregated networks compared to younger adults, with reduced specialization linked to more tau and A beta in the same regions. The impact of network dedifferentiation on memory performance depended on the levels of A beta and tau, suggesting a compensation phase followed by a degenerative phase in the early, preclinical stage of AD.
Article
Cell Biology
Shuqi Du, Feng Jin, Laure Maneix, Manasee Gedam, Yin Xu, Andre Catic, Meng C. Wang, Hui Zheng
Summary: This study reveals a specific regulation of FoxO3 in the CNS, showing reduced levels in the cortex of aged mice but not in the hippocampus. FoxO3 responds to insulin/AKT signaling in astrocytes and plays a role in astrocyte activity and lipid metabolism. Loss of FoxO3 leads to cortical astrogliosis, altered lipid metabolism, and impaired A beta uptake, indicating a protective role of astroglial FoxO3 against brain aging and AD.
Article
Neurosciences
Gabrielle Zuniga, Bess Frost
Summary: Emerging evidence suggests that errors in RNA processing contribute to neurodegeneration. Neurons are particularly vulnerable to these errors, which can lead to accumulation of misprocessed RNA transcripts. Furthermore, the protein tau, implicated in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders, is also involved in deficits in RNA processing and clearance.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Lucas P. Carlstrom, Ahmed Eltanahy, Avital Perry, Alejandro A. Rabinstein, Benjamin D. Elder, Jonathan M. Morris, Fredric B. Meyer, Christopher S. Graffeo, Iben Lundgaard, Terry C. Burns
Summary: The complex and dynamic system of fluid flow through the perivascular and interstitial spaces of the central nervous system (CNS) has implications for various neurological diseases. The glymphatic system, supported by astrocytes, plays a crucial role in directing extracellular fluid and removing waste products in order to optimize neurological function. Dysfunction in this system has been linked to CNS aging, neurodegenerative diseases, CNS injuries, and normal pressure hydrocephalus. Understanding the pathophysiology of glymphatics could lead to new therapeutic approaches.
Article
Immunology
Lin Wei, Xiaowen Yang, Jie Wang, Zhixiao Wang, Qiguang Wang, Yan Ding, Aiqing Yu
Summary: Cellular senescence is a fundamental activity driving the aging process and is closely associated with age-related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, the elevated levels of lactic acid in senescent microglia and hippocampus tissues of naturally aged mice and AD mice models were quantified. The study also identified the role of H3K18la/NF?B axis in modulating the production of IL-6 and IL-8, which are components of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP).
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Soma Ito, James K. Chambers, Ayumi Sumi, Nanako Yamashita-Kawanishi, Tetsuo Omachi, Takeshi Haga, Hiroyuki Nakayama, Kazuyuki Uchida
Summary: The study demonstrates that Feline Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) cases are infected with FcaPV2 and the subsequent inhibition of pRb and p53 induced by integrated viral oncogenes is associated with feline MCC tumorigenesis, similar to other PV-induced proliferative cutaneous lesions. Additionally, a case of FcaPV2-negative MCC with strong p53 immunoreactivity suggests mutations in p53 caused by other cancer inducers.
VETERINARY PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Veterinary Sciences
Eiji Nagayasu, Youki Takaki, Yoshinori Takami, Ayako Yoshida, Yumi Une, Haruhiko Maruyama
JOURNAL OF EXOTIC PET MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Kazuhiro Kojima, James K. Chambers, Ko Nakashima, Yuko Goto-Koshino, Kazuyuki Uchida
Summary: The immunophenotype of canine ITCL, similar to that of increased IELs in CE, suggests that ITCL may originate from IELs, similar to human EATL. High proliferative activity and clonality of T cells in IEL+CE further support this hypothesis.
VETERINARY PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Pathology
F. Yvonne Schulman, Paola Roccabianca, Giancarlo Avallone, Christof A. Bertram, Mark Chalkley, James K. Chambers, Taryn A. Donovan, Robert A. Foster, Donald Meuten, Ilaria Porcellato, Simon L. Priestnall, Roberta Rasotto, Kazuyuki Uchida, Joshua D. Webster, Geoffrey A. Wood, Jeff L. Caswell
VETERINARY PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Kazuhiro Kojima, James K. Chambers, Takuya Mizuno, Kazuyuki Uchida
Summary: T-zone lymphoma (TZL) in dogs is characterized by clonal proliferation of CD8(+) T cells, while T-zone hyperplasia (TZH) consists of a heterogeneous population of CD45(+) T cells. Results suggest TZL as a monoclonal proliferation of cytotoxic T cells, and TZH as reflecting immune responses to various regional neoplastic lesions.
VETERINARY PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
J. Uchiyama, T. Osumi, K. Mizukami, T. Fukuyama, A. Shima, A. Unno, I Takemura-Uchiyama, Y. Une, H. Murakami, M. Sakaguchi
Summary: This study found that atopic dermatitis can alter the oral and gut microbiota in dogs. The diversity of the oral microbiota varied significantly among the dogs, while there was no significant difference in the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota of AD dogs had a differential abundance of the Anaerovoracaceae family, while no specific bacterial taxa were detected in the oral microbiota. Furthermore, the bacteria in the oral microbiota associated with AD were related to human periodontitis, while those in the gut microbiota were associated with dysbiosis and gut inflammation.
LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Niki Sedghi Masoud, Susumu Iwaide, Yoshiyuki Itoh, Miki Hisada, Yumi Une, Tomoaki Murakami
AMYLOID-JOURNAL OF PROTEIN FOLDING DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Soma Ito, James K. Chambers, Nguyen Vu Son, Chiaki Kita, Ken-ichiro Ise, Yasutsugu Miwa, Hiroyuki Nakayama, Kazuyuki Uchida
Summary: This study investigated the pathological characteristics of lymphomas in pet Syrian hamsters and examined the involvement of HaPyV. The results showed that HaPyV infection was highly associated with abdominal lymphomas in young pet Syrian hamsters. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH) were useful in identifying the presence of HaPyV in the lymphomas.
VETERINARY PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Soma Ito, James K. Chambers, Ayumi Sumi, Tetsuo Omachi, Makoto Haritani, Hiroyuki Nakayama, Kazuyuki Uchida
Summary: In this study, the involvement of Felis catus papillomavirus type 2 (FcaPV2) in feline Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) was investigated. The findings suggest that the expression of integrated FcaPV2 oncogenes might be associated with the downregulation of tumor suppressor proteins pRb and p53, and p53 mutations may be involved in both FcaPV2-positive and FcaPV2-negative MCC tumorigenesis.
VETERINARY PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Kio Yoshida, James K. K. Chambers, Kazuyuki Uchida
Summary: This study investigates the presence and characteristics of neural stem cells (NSCs) and their lineage in the normal canine brain and gliomas. The results suggest that gliomas share similar cell types with NSCs, and high-grade gliomas exhibit characteristics of neuronal progenitor cells and neurons. This indicates the pluripotent nature of these tumors.
VETERINARY PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Tatsuhito Ii, James K. K. Chambers, Mizuho Uneyama, Ayumi Sumi, Yutaro Nakayama, Nanae Tsurita, Yasutsugu Miwa, Kazuyuki Uchida
Summary: This study found that degus are susceptible to Mycobacterium genavense infection in the central nervous system, resulting in spinal cord necrosis, granulomatous myelitis, and brain necrosis.
VETERINARY PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Kio Yoshida, James K. K. Chambers, Kazumi Nibe, Yumiko Kagawa, Kazuyuki Uchida
Summary: NSC lineage cells were identified in feline brains using immunohistochemical markers. Feline glial tumors showed an NSC-like immunophenotype and exhibited characteristics of glial, oligodendrocyte precursor, and ependymal cells. Feline oligodendrogliomas displayed an OPC-like immunophenotype. Feline glial tumors may have multipotential stemness for differentiation into neuronal cells.
VETERINARY PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Pathology
F. Yvonne Schulman, Christof A. Bertram, Donald J. Meuten, Frances M. Moore, Giancarlo Avallone, Alexander Bartel, Pompei Bolfa, Melinda Camus, James K. Chambers, Michael J. Dark, Nick Dervisis, Melanie J. Dobromylskyj, Taryn A. Donovan, Robert A. Foster, Paula M. Krimer, Andrew Miller, Milan Milovancev, Paola Roccabianca, Laura E. Selmic, Geoff A. Wood
VETERINARY PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Mizuho Uneyama, James K. Chambers, Tadashi Fujii, Ko Nakashima, Kazuyuki Uchida
Summary: A novel cell line, FeLeco-G7, was established from a cat with metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma, and successfully transplanted into mice, resulting in the formation of tumors similar to the original tumor. This provides valuable tools for further molecular and therapeutic research on feline colorectal adenocarcinoma.
VETERINARY PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Kazuhiro Kojima, James K. Chambers, Ko Nakashima, Kazuyuki Uchida
Summary: This study suggests that IFN-gamma and IL-21 play a role in the pathogenesis of IEL+CE, and IFN-gamma may be involved in T-cell activation and mucosal injury in CE. STAT1 and STAT3 activation in ITCL cells suggests a role for the upregulation of the STAT pathway in the pathogenesis of ITCL.
VETERINARY PATHOLOGY
(2023)