Article
Engineering, Industrial
Stephen C. Graves
Summary: The article introduces the concept and importance of planned lead times, discussing trade-offs to consider when setting them. It also provides a simple model to explain how planned lead times for activities are influenced by the variability of resource requirements, flexibility, and utilization of resources associated with the activities.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Editorial Material
Psychology, Biological
Brian Guay, Adam J. Berinsky, Gordon Pennycook, David Rand
Summary: Progress in misinformation research requires consensus on effective interventions. We differentiate research designs for evaluating interventions and recommend measuring people's discernment of true and false content.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Tamas Muller, Adam Tomasovych, Matthias Lopez Correa, Regina Mertz-Kraus, Tomas Mikus
Summary: Determining secular changes in seawater temperature and Mg/Ca ratio is important in various paleo studies. In brachiopod shells, Mg/Ca is used to reconstruct historical temperature changes, but studies show a weak relationship between Mg/Ca and δ18 O and a positive correlation between Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca. The relation between growth lines and Mg/Ca fluctuation is not properly understood. This study analyzes intra-shell variation in Mg/Ca, S/Ca, and Sr/Ca in brachiopod shells and finds that Mg/Ca enrichment is closely associated with growth reduction and not simply seawater temperature changes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Quentin Vicens, Jeffrey S. Kieft
Summary: Recent events have brought RNA research into the spotlight, igniting a new passion for understanding the diverse functions and structure of RNA. However, there is a misunderstanding of the foundational characteristics of RNA structure, often viewed as a single floppy strand. The purpose of this article is to help adjust mental models, better utilize RNA structural information, and provide suggestions for future efforts.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yina Lyu, Weijun Luo, Yanwei Wang, Guangneng Zeng, Jia Chen, Shijie Wang
Summary: Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca in speleothems can provide valuable information about past precipitation variations and cave air pCO2 changes. However, understanding the controls on these proxies can be complex. This study monitored drip water Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca for five years in Shawan Cave and found that the seasonal oscillation in these ratios is controlled by inverse-phase changes between rainfall and cave air pCO2. Interannual variations in drip water Mg/Ca are likely controlled by rainfall amount, while interannual variations in drip water Sr/Ca are likely controlled by cave air pCO2. Comparative analysis of drip water ratios in different cave regions can provide insights into how they respond to hydroclimate changes.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Dana Tulodziecki
Summary: This paper reexamines Snow's South London water study and points out the problems with current scientific realist accounts of theory-change, arguing that a focus on 'winning' theories and scientists' reasoning neglects epistemically valuable aspects of theory-change. This leads to inaccurate views on the dynamics of theory-change and scientific progress. The implications for the philosophy of epidemiology are also discussed.
Editorial Material
Psychology, Biological
Gerd Gigerenzer
Summary: Research practice is often influenced by routines rather than introspection, leading to inappropriate generalizations. The routine of sampling subjects without considering stimuli likely stems from administrative concerns rather than scientific considerations. The practice of sampling subjects and testing their averages for significance is reinforced by misconceptions about its importance, including the misconception of replicability.
BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jun Lu, Chenglin Li, Hui Wang, Shan Ji, Xuyun Wang, Rongfang Wang
Summary: Direct seawater electrolysis is the main method for future hydrogen energy production, facing challenges due to chlorine evolution at the anode and cathode fouling. Alkali treatment of seawater is currently common but lacks a uniform standard. Growing NiFe LDH material on carbon cloth to explore optimal alkali treatment of seawater can reduce operating costs and prevent sedimentation impacts on equipment lifespan.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Communication
Luzhou Li
Summary: This article discusses three types of policy practices marked by policy opacity, absence of formal policy decisions, and policy inertia. By analyzing these policy silences, it aims to identify the opposite side of the official and formal policy sphere.
MEDIA CULTURE & SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Xijuan Zhang, Oscar L. Olvera Astivia, Edward Kroc, Bruno D. Zumbo
Summary: This article investigates the misconceptions of the central limit theorem (CLT) among social sciences researchers and addresses these misconceptions by explaining, defining, and illustrating the CLT. It aims to help researchers gain a better understanding of how the CLT operates and its role in statistical concepts and techniques.
PSYCHOLOGICAL METHODS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xudong Du, Feng Wang, Zhi Wang, Le Zhou, Ziqi Wei, Zheng Liu, Pingli Mao
Summary: The hot tearing susceptibility of Mg-xAl-yCa alloys with different Ca/Al ratios was experimentally investigated. The results showed that the hot tearing susceptibility decreases with the increase in the Ca/Al ratio. The microstructure and thermal analysis curves of the alloys indicated that a higher Ca/Al ratio enhances intergranular bonding ability and improves the filling efficiency of the liquid phase against tears.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Dorota Kolbuk, Philippe Dubois, Jaroslaw Stolarski, Przemyslaw Gorzelak
Summary: The Mg/Ca ratio in echinoderm skeletons is influenced by seawater chemistry, indicating that fossil echinoderms may provide a record of paleoseawater Mg2+/Ca2+. While sea stars were not significantly stressed by decreased seawater Mg2+/Ca2+, brittle stars were affected in growth and mortality. Reconstruction of paleoseawater Mg2+/Ca2+ from fossil echinoderms is limited by variations in Mg partition coefficients among different species.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Luye Bao, Nicole M. Krause, Mikhaila N. Calice, Dietram A. Scheufele, Christopher D. Wirz, Dominique Brossard, Todd P. Newman, Michael A. Xenos
Summary: Effective public engagement with complex technologies requires a nuanced understanding of how different audiences perceive and communicate the risks and benefits of disruptive technologies with significant social implications. Our analysis identified five segments of the US population with different perceptions of AI-related risks and benefits, providing potential opportunities for inclusive engagement and responsible innovation.
COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yingshuang Xu, Yumeng Fo, Honghao Lv, Xuejing Cui, Guangbo Liu, Xin Zhou, Luhua Jiang
Summary: In this study, defect-rich doped 1T/2H-MoSe2 nanosheets were prepared using a facile Anderson-type polyoxometalate-assisted synthesis route, and their superior performances in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and magnesium (Mg)/seawater battery were demonstrated. The improved catalytic activity and abundant active sites contributed to the enhanced performance of the heteroatom-doped MoSe2 nanosheets.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Aimin Chu, Yuping Zhao, Rafi Ud-din, Hairong Hu, Qian Zhi, Zerui Wang
Summary: Mg-Al-Ca-Mn alloys with Ca/Al >= 1 were prepared using specific processes to create composites with favorable properties. The presence of the second phase Al2Ca in the alloys was found to be beneficial for enhancing the performance of the alloys.