Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicholas J. Irons, Adrian E. Raftery
Summary: Various data sources provide information on SARS-CoV-2 infection numbers, but they have biases and reporting delays. Representative surveys are limited and crucial for understanding virus spread and intervention effectiveness. A research team develops a Bayesian framework combining multiple data sources to estimate viral prevalence, revealing the underestimation of true infection counts and the implications of progress towards herd immunity.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ake Brannstrom, Henrik Sjoedin, Joacim Rockloev
Summary: This article presents a method for estimating the true number of cases in an epidemic and applies it to COVID-19. The study found that the number of unreported COVID-19 infections in March 2020 was likely to be at least ten times higher than the reported cases, with the United Kingdom showing particularly high underestimation.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Virology
Aron Balazs Ulbert, Matyas Bhurka, Anett Magyari, Zita Turi, Edit Hajdu, Katalin Burian, Gabriella Terhes
Summary: In this study, the epidemiological features of HEV infections among patients in various departments of a university hospital in Hungary were determined. The study found a high seroprevalence of HEV IgG antibodies in adult and elderly patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Cassandra C. Lautredou, Bonnie Dao, Prabhu Gounder
Summary: In Los Angeles County, 38 out of 48 individuals who tested positive for hepatitis E virus (HEV) immunoglobulin M did not meet the criteria for acute HEV cases during a 3-year period. Healthcare providers should limit HEV serologic testing to individuals with clinically compatible symptoms or epidemiologic risk factors.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Diane E. Griffin
Summary: Most RNA viruses are cleared from the host after acute infections, but viral RNA can sometimes persist after recovery, leading to various consequences. The exact reasons for this persistence and its implications are not yet fully understood.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
James A. Hay, Lee Kennedy-Shaffer, Sanjat Kanjilal, Niall J. Lennon, Stacey B. Gabriel, Marc Lipsitch, Michael J. Mina
Summary: Population distribution of viral loads changes during an epidemic, and Ct values from random samples can improve estimates of an epidemic's trajectory. Combining data from multiple samples enhances the precision and robustness of estimation. These methods can be applied to real-time estimates of epidemic trajectories for outbreak management and response.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Szymon Ostrowski, Anthony Croft
Summary: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the impact of viral enteric infection on the severity and outcomes of acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC). The results showed that infection with viral enteropathogens did not affect disease severity at presentation, the need for rescue therapy, or the success rate of rescue therapy in ASUC patients.
JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS
(2022)
Article
Virology
Carlos Contreras, Jay M. Newby, Thomas Hillen
Summary: An explicit function describing virus-load curves on a patient-specific level has been introduced in this study, based on simple and intuitive model parameters. The model has been validated on various datasets, showing wide distributions of model parameters and providing a new way to analyze virus load data as well as estimate exponential growth rates of infection phases. The virus load function, target model, and exponential approximations exhibit excellent fits for the data considered.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jordi Llaneras, Mar Riveiro-Barciela, Ariadna Rando-Segura, Cristina Marcos-Fosch, Luisa Roade, Fernando Velazquez, Francisco Rodriguez-Frias, Rafael Esteban, Maria Buti
Summary: In a tertiary hospital in Spain, the most common causes of acute viral hepatitis in the emergency department were HBV infection (28%), HEV infection (18%), HCV infection (17%), and HAV infection (14%). The main risk factors for patients included sexual risk contact and intravenous drug use. Nearly one-third of patients with acute HBV and HAV infections were immigrants to Spain.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Afroditi Konsoula, Aris P. Agouridis, Lamprini Markaki, Constantinos Tsioutis, Nikolaos Spernovasilis
Summary: This article systematically reviews disseminated infections caused by Lomentospora prolificans. The fungus has been associated with numerous cases primarily in Spain, Australia, the USA, and Germany. The infections mainly affect immunocompromised and neutropenic patients, with a high mortality rate of 87.3%.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Heinz-Peter Schultheiss, Christian Baumeier, Heiko Pietsch, C-Thomas Bock, Wolfgang Poller, Felicitas Escher
Summary: Infection of the heart muscle with cardiotropic viruses is a major cause of myocarditis and acute and chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy, posing a significant public health issue globally. Advances in molecular genetic analysis of intramyocardial viruses have improved our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis and pathophysiology of viral infections of the heart muscle.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eduardo Asin-Prieto, Zinnia P. Parra-Guillen, Jose David Gomez Mantilla, Joris Vandenbossche, Kim Stuyckens, Xavier Woot de Trixhe, Juan Jose Perez-Ruixo, Inaki F. Troconiz
Summary: Hepatitis B liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus is a major global disease problem, with most infections becoming chronic. Understanding the dynamics of HBV and the immune response during acute infection is crucial for identifying interventions to prevent chronic hepatitis B. A quantitative systems pharmacology model has been developed to characterize viral dynamics and immune responses, providing insights into the key biological processes involved in disease resolution.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Virology
Qiao Liu, Min Liu, Jue Liu
Summary: Asia has a high burden of acute hepatitis, with varying trends over the years. The incidence of acute hepatitis A has been increasing in some age groups, while the mortality and incidence of acute hepatitis C have been decreasing. Afghanistan has the highest mortality rate and Mongolia has the highest incidence rate of acute hepatitis in Asia.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Letitia Toma, Mihai Dodot, Anca Zgura, Nicolae Bacalbasa, Andrei Silaghi, Razvan Simu, Teodora Isac, Adriana Mercan-Stanciu
Summary: This study compared serum and fecal calprotectin levels in patients with COVID-19 and HCV infection, finding that inflammatory markers were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients than in those with active or cured HCV infection, suggesting a potential correlation with disease severity.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Rares Mircea Birlutiu, Cristian Ioan Stoica, Octav Russu, Razvan Silviu Cismasiu, Victoria Birlutiu
Summary: This study found different positivity trends in bacterial cultures for acute and chronic prosthetic joint infections. Sonication fluid cultures improved the detection rate of rare pathogens in chronic infections, while culturing synovial fluid did not show clear benefits compared to sonication fluid and periprosthetic tissue cultures. Empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy can be re-evaluated after 3 days for acute infections, and a prolonged incubation time is necessary for chronic infections, but extending the incubation period beyond 14 days does not further improve the ability to identify microorganisms.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)