Article
Business, Finance
Shawn Mobbs, Yongxian Tan, Shage Zhang
Summary: The limited supply of female directors can create an informational disadvantage for some female independent directors, especially in firms with low representation by female directors. Female independent directors who are further away from the company's headquarters, have less industry experience or have shorter tenure face more limited information access. More informed female independent directors are associated with better corporate performance metrics.
JOURNAL OF CORPORATE FINANCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sandra Gonzalez-Bailon, Manlio De Domenico
Summary: Information manipulation is prevalent in today's media environment, with bots playing a significant role in shaping public perception during contentious political events on social media. Verified accounts have higher visibility compared to bots, but bots still attract more attention than human accounts, contributing to discrepancies in news visibility.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthew B. Ross, Britta M. Glennon, Raviv Murciano-Goroff, Enrico G. Berkes, Bruce A. Weinberg, Julia Lane
Summary: There is a well-documented gender gap in scientific output, with women's contributions often going unacknowledged. Analysis of data from research teams, author surveys, and qualitative responses reveals that women are less likely to receive credit for their work due to lack of recognition or appreciation. This suggests that the observed gender gap in scientific output may be attributed to differences in attribution.
Article
Biology
Richard K. Nakamura, Lee S. Mann, Mark D. Lindner, Jeremy Braithwaite, Mei-Ching Chen, Adrian Vancea, Noni Byrnes, Valerie Durrant, Bruce Reed
Summary: In this experiment, redacting personal information reduced reviewers' ability to correctly guess applicant identity, but did not eliminate it completely. Findings suggest that applications from White investigators typically scored higher than those from Black investigators, with redaction reducing the difference by about half.
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Brian Owens
Summary: Hot and dry weather combined with human carelessness has caused a massive burned area, resulting in a suffocating haze that is impacting millions of people.
Article
Oncology
Li-Chun Chang, Chia-Tung Shun, Been-Ren Lin, Silvia Sanduleanu, Weng-Feng Hsu, Ming-Shiang Wu, Han-Mo Chiu
Summary: A study conducted at the National Taiwan University Hospital from 2005 to 2014 compared the disease-free survival of T1 cancer arising from the rectum versus the colon. The results showed that T1 rectal cancer had a higher risk of recurrence compared to T1 colon cancer, with rectal location being an independent risk factor for recurrence. Further research is needed to explore whether adjuvant therapy or closer surveillance can reduce the risk of recurrence in T1 rectal cancer.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Peter van den Besselaar, Charlie Mom
Summary: This paper investigates whether the writing style of grant applications affects the evaluation scores and decisions made by selection panels. The linguistic analysis reveals several characteristics that positively influence the grant applications' scores and the probability of being selected for funding. The findings suggest that reviewers consider both the scientific content and the presentation form of grant applications.
JOURNAL OF INFORMETRICS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tatiana Greige, Casey Norton, Lydia D. Foster, Sharon D. Yeatts, Andre Thornhill, Jessica Griffin, Jeffrey Wang, Courtney M. Hrdlicka, Magdy Selim
Summary: The lower enrollment rates of women in the iDEF trial may be attributed to older age, with no significant differences in consent refusal or participation decline between men and women. These findings should be confirmed in other intracerebral hemorrhage trials to determine the best strategies for improving women's representation in future trials.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Asier Minondo
Summary: This article examines how peers' individual and collective comments impact the quality of research using a dataset of projects, and finds that an increase in the number of these comments is associated with a significant improvement in the quality of the published journal.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Christina Nutschel, Cristina Coscolin, Benoit David, Daniel Mulnaes, Manuel Ferrer, Karl-Erich Jaeger, Holger Gohlke
Summary: Understanding the molecular origin of observed promiscuity range in enzymes is crucial, with the study revealing that promiscuous esterases are less flexible, more thermostable, and have increased specific activity compared to specific ones. This research provides a new starting point for exploration in biotechnology and synthetic chemistry by screening esterase sequence space through rigidity analyses.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING
(2021)
Article
Urban Studies
Laura De Dominicis, Lewis Dijkstra, Nicola Pontarollo
Summary: In recent years, there has been a significant increase in protest voting, support for populist parties, and voting against European integration, especially in Europe. This paper focuses on the urban-rural divide in anti-EU sentiment and explains why cities tend to vote less for Eurosceptic parties. The study finds that factors such as higher unemployment, low turnout, and a higher proportion of non-EU immigrants are associated with a higher anti-EU vote in all areas. However, the impact of a sluggish economy and factors like higher education and age vary between urban and rural areas.
Article
Surgery
Monica Fahrenholz, Lily S. Cheng, Oluyinka Olutoye II, Anjali A. Degala, Sonya S. Keswani, Taylor Lee, Allan M. Goldstein, Sundeep G. Keswani
Summary: Preparing a grant proposal for research grants from the National Institutes of Health is a challenging task, especially due to the extensive documentation required. While the research section receives limited page limits, the rest of the application can consist of an additional 100 to 150 pages. Surgeon-scientists can seek support from their department to prepare these materials, but must be cautious about relying too heavily on generalized templates that can dilute the overall message of the grant proposal. This article aims to educate surgeon-scientists on the purpose and importance of ancillary information in NIH research grants and how to optimize institutional resources while tailoring the materials for a competitive application.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Fatima Jesus, Helena Passos, Ana M. Ferreira, Kosuke Kuroda, Joana Luisa Pereira, Fernando J. M. Goncalves, Joao A. P. Coutinho, Sonia P. M. Ventura
Summary: Zwitterionic compounds (ZIs) show lower aquatic toxicity towards microalgae and bacteria compared to ionic liquids, with increased hydrophobicity leading to higher toxicity towards microalgae. There are no significant differences in toxicity between different cationic groups in ZIs, unlike what is observed in ionic liquids. The structural differences between ZIs and ionic liquids result in different mechanisms of interactions with microalgae and bacteria membranes, explaining why ecotoxicity heuristic rules for ionic liquids do not apply to ZIs.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael Park, Erin Leahey, Russell J. Funk
Summary: Theories of scientific and technological change suggest that previous knowledge enables future progress. However, recent studies show that progress is slowing in several major fields. This study analyzes data from six large-scale datasets and finds that papers and patents are becoming less likely to push science and technology in new directions.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jonathan O'Callaghan
Summary: Researchers warn that the safety concerns regarding RAAC concrete in UK schools may be just the beginning.
