Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sean S. Brummel, Russell B. Van Dyke, Kunjal Patel, Murli Purswani, George R. Seage, Tzy-Jyun Yao, Rohan Hazra, Brad Karalius, Paige L. Williams
Summary: HIV viral load is an important marker for assessing disease progression and treatment response in HIV-infected individuals. This article discusses different approaches for summarizing historical viral burden and presents an imputation strategy to alleviate selection bias.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Amarendra Pegu, Ling Xu, Megan E. DeMouth, Giulia Fabozzi, Kylie March, Cassandra G. Almasri, Michelle D. Cully, Keyun Wang, Eun Sung Yang, Joana Dias, Christine M. Fennessey, Jason Hataye, Ronnie R. Wei, Ercole Rao, Joseph P. Casazza, Wanwisa Promsote, Mangaiarkarasi Asokan, Krisha McKee, Stephen D. Schmidt, Xuejun Chen, Cuiping Liu, Wei Shi, Hui Geng, Kathryn E. Foulds, Shing-Fen Kao, Amy Noe, Hui Li, George M. Shaw, Tongqing Zhou, Constantinos Petrovas, John-Paul Todd, Brandon F. Keele, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Nicole A. Doria-Rose, Richard A. Koup, Zhi-Yong Yang, Gary J. Nabel, John R. Mascola
Summary: The use of trispecific bNAbs can effectively reduce viremia and maintain low levels of virus in the body through immune control. Compared to single bNAbs, trispecific bNAbs can suppress the emergence of resistance and minimize the potential for immune escape.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Megan Landes, Monique van Lettow, Joep J. van Oosterhout, Erik Schouten, Andrew Auld, Thokozani Kalua, Andreas Jahn, Beth A. Tippett Barr
Summary: Long-term viral load suppression is essential for eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV in reproductive-aged women on ART, but data from sub-Saharan Africa is limited. Detectable virus early post-partum greatly increases the risk of ongoing viremia, emphasizing the need for intensified monitoring and adherence support during pregnancy and post-partum.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Adovich S. Rivera, Laura Rusie, Megan Plank, Juned Siddique, Lauren B. Beach, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Matthew J. Feinstein
Summary: The study found that long-term higher cumulative viral load may be associated with incident hypertension among people with HIV, but not with diabetes. The associations of HIV control with cardiovascular disease risk factors may differ depending on the health care system context.
Article
Cell Biology
Ines Frank, Mariasole Cigoli, Muhammad S. Arif, Marissa D. Fahlberg, Stephanie Maldonado, Giulia Calenda, Amarendra Pegu, Eun Sung Yang, Reda Rawi, Gwo-Yu Chuang, Hui Geng, Cuiping Liu, Tongqing Zhou, Peter D. Kwong, James Arthos, Claudia Cicala, Brooke F. Grasperge, James L. Blanchard, Agegnehu Gettie, Christine M. Fennessey, Brandon F. Keele, Monica Vaccari, Thomas J. Hope, Anthony S. Fauci, John R. Mascola, Elena Martinelli
Summary: In this study, it was found that combining bNAbs with Rh-α(4)β(7) integrin blockade delayed viral rebound in SHIVSF162P3-infected macaques compared to treatment with bNAbs alone. The combination therapy showed a modest prolongation of virologic control in some macaques, indicating the potential benefit of targeting both bNAbs and integrin alpha(4)beta(7) in antiviral therapy.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Frank J. Palella, Carl Armon, Stephen R. Cole, Rachel Hart, Ellen Tedaldi, Richard Novak, Linda Battalora, Stacey Purinton, Jun Li, Kate Buchacz
Summary: The aim of this study was to identify viral exposure (VE) measures and their relationship to mortality risk among persons with HIV. The combination of most recent viral load and %PY >200 copies/mL best predicted mortality, although all evaluated VE measures performed well in predicting mortality.
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Kimiyo Kikuchi, Junko Yasuoka, Sovannary Tuot, Sumiyo Okawa, Sokunthea Yem, Pheak Chhoun, Makoto Murayama, Chantheany Huot, Siyan Yi
Summary: This study examined the association between dental caries and viral load among children living with HIV in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. It found that dental caries was positively associated with viral load detection, suggesting a potential impact on immune status. The findings emphasize the importance of strengthening oral health in children living with HIV and the need for further research on the causal relationship between viral load and oral health status.
Article
Microbiology
Chuyu Zhang, Yun Lan, Linghua Li, Ruiying He, Yu Meng, Jian Li, Weilie Chen
Summary: This study investigated the factors associated with different HIV-1 tropisms in low-level viral load HIV-1 infections in China. The majority of infections in Guangdong receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy for more than 6 months were R5-tropic, and the baseline immune level was lower in X4-tropic infections. Furthermore, certain amino acid variations were associated with X4-tropic HIV-1.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Dalton Wamalwa, Irene Njuguna, Elizabeth Maleche-Obimbo, Emily Begnel, Daisy J. Chebet, Judith A. Onyango, Lisa Marie Cranmer, Meei-Li Huang, Barbra A. Richardson, Michael Boeckh, Grace John-Stewart, Jennifer Slyker
Summary: CMV viremia is common in hospitalized children with HIV and CMV DNA levels >= 1000 IU/mL are associated with increased risk of mortality and longer hospitalization.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hannah E. J. Yong, Shiao-Yng Chan, Amlan Chakraborty, Gayathri Rajaraman, Sharon Ricardo, Mohamed Benharouga, Nadia Alfaidy, Frantisek Staud, Padma Murthi
Summary: This review focuses on the impact of viral infections on the placental barrier and the consequences for fetal growth and development. It specifically discusses how Zika, HIV, and SARS-CoV2 affect pregnant women and their offspring, laying the groundwork for developing therapeutics for emerging viruses.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Olof Elvstam, Gaetano Marrone, Patrik Medstrand, Carl Johan Treutiger, Veronica Svedhem, Magnus Gisslen, Per Bjorkman
Summary: In the nationwide Swedish cohort, longitudinal HIV RNA levels during combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) in adults initiating therapy 1996-2017 were not associated with cancer incidence, whereas higher pre-ART viral load was an independent predictor of incident invasive cancer.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Virology
Jin-Wen Song, Guang Yang, Matilda N. Kamara, Wei Sun, Qun Guan, Umu Barrie, Darlinda F. Jiba, Abdulai Tejan Jalloh, Ming Liu, Francis K. Tamba, George A. Yendewa, Ligui Wang, Rongtao Zhao, Sulaiman Lakoh
Summary: The study aimed to assess the viral suppression level among HIV patients after the introduction of dolutegravir-based therapy. The results showed that the viral suppression rate was 88.4% among patients on treatment for at least 6 months, with higher rate of suppression with dolutegravir than efavirenz. Age and gender were identified as factors associated with virological suppression.
Article
Immunology
Rahila Ansari, Lindsey B. Rosen, Andrea Lisco, Don Gilden, Steven M. Holland, Christa S. Zerbe, Robert A. Bonomo, Jeffrey Cohen
Summary: The study looked at a patient with varicella-zoster virus central nervous system vasculopathy and found that certain immune deficiencies can hinder interferon activity, potentially worsening the disease. Genes associated with severe varicella and/or zoster were also identified, indicating the critical role of interferon in controlling VZV infections. New treatment approaches for VZV infection in patients with specific immune deficiencies were suggested.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Hematology
James H. Stein, Noah Kime, Claudia E. Korcarz, Heather Ribaudo, Judith S. Currier, Joseph C. Delaney
Summary: The study found that HIV serostatus has a significant impact on endothelial function, especially influenced by kidney function. Factors like HIV RNA viremia, CD4+ T-cell count, and use of antiretroviral therapy were not found to be meaningfully associated with endothelial function, but HIV-infected individuals are at increased cardiovascular disease risk.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Anil K. Chokkalla, Estella Tam, Rommel Liang, Andrea T. Cruz, Sridevi Devaraj
Summary: MeMed-BV is a reliable multivariate index test for distinguishing viral and bacterial infections. This study validates the performance of MeMed-BV in a pediatric hospital and shows that it performs better in classifying bacterial infections.
CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2023)