4.3 Article

Using proximal soil sensors and fuzzy classification for mapping Amazonian Dark Earths

Journal

AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE
Volume 22, Issue 4, Pages 380-389

Publisher

SCIENTIFIC AGRICULTURAL SOC FINLAND
DOI: 10.23986/afsci.8195

Keywords

Electromagnetic induction; magnetic susceptibility; gamma radiation; anthropogenic soil types; prehistoric agriculture; archaeology

Funding

  1. Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation
  2. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)
  3. Instituto do Patrimonio Historico e Artistico Nacional (IPHAN)

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We tested if hand-carried field proximal soil sensing (PSS) can be used to map the distribution of anthropogenic Amazonian Dark Earths (ADE). ADE soils are rich in archaeological artefacts, nutrients, organic matter and carbon in the very stable form of pyrogenic carbon, also referred to as black carbon or biochar. To test the capacity of PSS to detect signature ADE properties we measured electrical conductivity (ECa), magnetic susceptibility (MSa) and gamma ray data by transect sampling and compared these readings, using fuzzy classification, with datasets on chemical soil properties from a 28 ha large study area located on the Belterra Plateau of the Lower Amazon in northern Brazil. Results indicate that ECa and MSa measurements were good indicators of ADE signatures, but that the gamma radiation sensor was less useful in the strongly weathered soils. PSS and fuzzy classification can be used for rapid field mapping of ADE for both agricultural and archaeological purposes.

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