Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Angel Cayo, Raul Segovia, Whitney Venturini, Rodrigo Moore-Carrasco, Claudio Valenzuela, Nelson Brown
Summary: Cellular senescence is a unique form of proliferative arrest triggered by various stimuli, characterized by changes in cell morphology and function. The activation of mTOR and autophagy play crucial roles in regulating different aspects of cellular senescence. Understanding and targeting the interconnected pathways of mTOR and autophagy could be key in developing anti-cancer therapies involving pro-senescence drugs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Zhengjuan Li, Shuoshi Wang, Liping Li
Summary: This study found that AOPPs may induce senescence of trophoblast cells by inhibiting the autophagy process. The potential mechanism may involve the p53/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Clara Bernardelli, Silvia Ancona, Melania Lazzari, Antonella Lettieri, Piera Selvaggio, Valentina Massa, Cristina Gervasini, Fabiano Di Marco, Raffaella Chiaramonte, Elena Lesma
Summary: This study examines the role of senescence in lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a rare disease characterized by the disruption of lung parenchyma. Through experiments on LAM cells and lung fibroblasts, the authors demonstrate the senescent features of LAM cells and their impact on neighboring cells. This finding provides important insights into the development and progression of LAM.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gaetana Gambino, Paola Iacopetti, Patrizia Guidi, Chiara Ippolito, Stefania Linsalata, Alessandra Salvetti, Leonardo Rossi
Summary: Cell quiescence evolved early as an adaptive response to adverse conditions and has additional roles in tissue homeostasis in metazoans, with p53 playing a key role in establishing the quiescent state. The mechanisms for awakening quiescent cells and the involvement of nutritional stimulus remain unclear. Planarians provide a suitable system for studying a quiescent population of adult stem cells, the dorsal midline cord (DMC) cells, which are controlled by p53 and awakened upon feeding. The function of DMC cells and their role in evolution are still puzzling.
Article
Cell Biology
Scott J. Koppel, Heather M. Wilkins, Ian W. Weidling, Xiaowan Wang, Blaise W. Menta, Russell H. Swerdlow
Summary: This study demonstrates that β-hydroxybutyrate (β OHB) has differential effects on the metabolism and nutrient sensing pathways of neurons and astrocytes. Exposure to β OHB increases respiration in neurons and astrocytes, but reduces overall metabolic activity and cell cycling rate in neurons. β OHB also activates quiescence-associated pathways in neurons, potentially alleviating bioenergetic stress and limiting cell senescence. This could have beneficial implications for conditions characterized by bioenergetic decline and cell senescence, such as brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
Article
Oncology
Alexandra R. R. Esimbekova, Nadezhda V. V. Palkina, Ivan S. S. Zinchenko, Vasiliy D. D. Belenyuk, Andrey A. A. Savchenko, Ekaterina Yu Sergeeva, Tatiana G. Ruksha
Summary: It has been found that the anticancer drug dacarbazine can induce melanoma cells to enter the G(0) phase of the cell cycle, leading to drug resistance. The transition to the G(0) phase is associated with the VEGFA-VEGFR2 signaling pathway and cell cycle signaling. Treatment of melanoma cells with dacarbazine resulted in an increase in G(0)-positive cells. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of drug resistance in melanoma.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yuan Zhou, Li Zhang, Yue Ma, Li Xie, Yong-Yu Yang, Cheng Jin, Hui Chen, Ying Zhou, Guang-Qi Song, Jia Ding, Jian Wu
Summary: This study found that senescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a crucial role in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Senescent HSCs secrete proteins that activate morphogenic hedgehog or oncogenic Wnt signaling pathways, promoting the malignant transformation of steatotic or dysplastic hepatocytes.
Review
Oncology
Kevin Truskowski, Sarah R. Amend, Kenneth J. Pienta
Summary: Metastasis is the main cause of cancer mortality, and many cancer cells can enter a dormant state before reactivating and causing lethal relapse. Understanding the similarities and differences between cellular senescence and quiescence and their role in cancer dormancy is crucial for studying dormant cancer cells.
CANCER AND METASTASIS REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Bai Ling, Yunyang Xu, Siyuan Qian, Ze Xiang, Shihai Xuan, Jian Wu
Summary: Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) play a crucial role in the hematopoietic system as they can self-renew and differentiate into various blood cells. The mTOR signaling pathway is an important regulator of HSCs' differentiation, self-renewal, and quiescence, and several molecules can modulate these potentials by influencing this pathway. This review discusses the regulation of HSCs' three potentials by the mTOR signaling pathway and highlights potential regulators. Additionally, the clinical significance of studying this regulation and future predictions are also outlined.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ritama Paul, Jay F. Dorsey, Yi Fan
Summary: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a crucial role in cancer progression, metastasis, relapse, and therapy resistance. They maintain their self-renewal capability and resist the tumor microenvironment and treatments through mechanisms such as cellular plasticity, senescence, and quiescence. Understanding these mechanisms is important for future therapeutic implications.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Wei Jiang, Zhenglin Ou, Qin Zhu, Hongyan Zai
Summary: The study reveals the crucial role of Rag-Rheb GTPases in regulating mTOR activation and drug resistance in senescence-like HepG2 cells. Knocking down RagC and Rheb can reduce drug resistance, providing potential targets for second-line treatments in liver cancer patients.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yung-Ken Hsu, Hsuan-Ying Chen, Chia-Chieh Wu, Ying-Chih Huang, Cheng-Pu Hsieh, Po-Feng Su, Yi-Fu Huang
Summary: The flavonoid butein demonstrates anti-proliferative effects in human osteosarcoma cells by activating the tumor suppressor p53 and inducing senescence. Additionally, exposure to butein increases reactive oxygen species levels in the cells, leading to enhanced p53 activation and anti-proliferative effects. This suggests that butein is a promising candidate for cancer therapy against osteosarcoma.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Young Yeon Kim, Jee-Hyun Um, Dong Jin Shin, Dae Jin Jeong, Young Bin Hong, Jeanho Yun
Summary: The tumor suppressor p53 regulates mitochondrial dynamics through the PKA-Drp1 pathway, inducing cellular senescence in various cancer and normal cells. It plays an essential role in H-Ras-induced cellular senescence and replicative senescence in normal human cells. Inhibition of PKA activity reduces mitochondrial elongation and cellular senescence in late-passage normal cells, highlighting the importance of the p53-PKA pathway in maintaining the senescence phenotype.
Article
Cell Biology
Bozena Samborska, Dominic G. Roy, Janane F. Rahbani, Mohammed F. Hussain, Eric H. Ma, Russell G. Jones, Lawrence Kazak
Summary: This study reveals the intrinsic role of creatine transport and creatine transphosphorylation in supporting CD8(+) T cell homeostasis and effector function, independent of their effects on global cellular energy charge.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Tongshuai Chen, Chang Ma, Guanqi Fan, Hui Liu, Xie Lin, Jingyuan Li, Na Li, Shujian Wang, Mei Zeng, Yun Zhang, Peili Bu
Summary: Hyperglycemia accelerates endothelial cell dysfunction and vascular complications by inducing ECs senescence, with molecular mechanisms involving SIRT3-p53 pathway.
