Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Claudia Morganti, Keisuke Ito
Summary: Mitochondrial dysfunction and stem cell exhaustion are characteristic features of aging, particularly in the hematopoietic system. Understanding the key mechanisms of HSC aging, including mitochondrial ROS production and alterations in metabolism, could lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets to prevent, delay, or reverse aspects of the aging process.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Makoto Ohmoto, Shugo Nakamura, Hong Wang, Peihua Jiang, Junji Hirota, Ichiro Matsumoto
Summary: This study reveals the dynamics of single stem cells in the turnover of taste bud cells. The Sox2(+) stem cell population is maintained by balancing the increase of certain stem cells with the reduction of others. Taste buds are composed of cells derived from multiple Sox2(+) stem cells.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Larischa de Wet, Anthony Williams, Marc Gillard, Steven Kregel, Sophia Lamperis, Lisa C. Gutgesell, Jordan E. Vellky, Ryan Brown, Kelly Conger, Gladell P. Paner, Heng Wang, Elizabeth E. Platz, Angelo M. De Marzo, Ping Mu, Jonathan L. Coloff, Russell Z. Szmulewitz, Donald J. Vander Griend
Summary: This study investigated the impact of SOX2 expression on patient outcomes and its function within prostate cancer cells. The results revealed that SOX2 expression promotes metastatic progression and therapy resistance in prostate cancer, and affects the metabolic pathways and metabolites of cancer cells. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of SOX2 in prostate cancer and suggest its potential as a biomarker and pharmacologic target in clinical settings.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Jose Becerra, Ivan Duran
Summary: Frailty has emerged as a key concept in understanding the declining health and shortened lifespan of global populations, with factors like inflammation, cellular aging, and stem cell exhaustion contributing to its development. Interdisciplinary research is crucial to unraveling the complexities of frailty and developing advanced therapies, especially in the context of conditions like COVID19 where frail individuals are more vulnerable to complications.
STEM CELLS TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Amanda N. Ciani Berlingeri, Remy Pujol, Brandon C. Cox, Jennifer S. Stone
Summary: Sox2 is required in supporting cells for normal levels of vestibular hair cell regeneration. Deletion of Sox2 dramatically curtails the regeneration of type II hair cells after damage. Heterozygosity for Sox2 reduces regeneration but allows for partial replacement of hair cells.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Arantza Infante, Clara Rodriguez
Summary: The progressive loss of tissue regenerative potential in aging is driven by altered intercellular communication, cell senescence, and stem cell exhaustion. Advanced therapies using young allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives are gaining attention as a potential strategy to counteract age-related consequences. Clinical data supports the strong potential of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies in addressing age-related issues.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Yan Qu, Yifan He, Bowen Meng, Xiao Zhang, Junjun Ding, Xiaoxing Kou, Wei Teng, Songtao Shi
Summary: This study revealed that pluripotent stem cell-derived apoptotic vesicles (PSC-apoVs) can inherit pluripotent molecules and promote the activation of adult stem cells and skin wound healing. These findings provide a potential cell-free strategy for clinical applications using PSC-apoVs.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Angela Picerno, Francesca Giannuzzi, Claudia Curci, Giuseppe De Palma, Maria Giovanna Di Chiano, Simona Simone, Rossana Franzin, Anna Gallone, Vito Francesco Di Lorenzo, Alessandra Stasi, Giovanni Battista Pertosa, Carlo Sabba, Loreto Gesualdo, Fabio Sallustio
Summary: The lncRNA HOTAIR is highly expressed in renal progenitor cells and plays a key role in maintaining their proliferative capacity and limiting apoptosis. Knockout of HOTAIR leads to senescence of renal progenitor cells and decreased expression of the stem cell marker CD133. HOTAIR exerts its function through epigenetic silencing of cell cycle inhibitor p15.
Article
Oncology
Pan Wang, Sheng Gong, Bin Liao, Jinyu Pan, Junwei Wang, Dewei Zou, Lu Zhao, Shuanglong Xiong, Yangmin Deng, Qian Yan, Nan Wu
Summary: The study demonstrated that in a hypoxic microenvironment, the HIF1 alpha/HIF2 alpha-Sox2 network induced the formation of glioma stem cells through the dedifferentiation of differentiated glioma cells, thus promoting glioma cell chemoresistance. Both HIF1 alpha and HIF2 alpha, as genes upstream of Sox2, regulate the malignant progression of glioma through dedifferentiation. The knockout of HIF1 alpha, HIF2 alpha, and Sox2 in glioma cells under hypoxic conditions led to decreased CD133 and CD15 expression and inhibited sphere formation.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Xianmei Zhong, Jie Chen, Bo Wen, Xu Wu, Mingxing Li, Fukuan Du, Yu Chen, Shuai Deng, Yueshui Zhao, Jing Shen, Zhangang Xiao
Summary: Immunosenescence, characterized by immunodeficiency and inflammation, occurs with age. This review explores the potential role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in protecting against T cell aging, providing new insights for intervening in immune system aging.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Oana-Maria Thoma, Markus F. Neurath, Maximilian J. Waldner
Summary: This review discusses the impact of T cell aging on colorectal cancer development, highlighting the uncertainty surrounding the functional role of aged T cells in the disease. The outcomes of colorectal cancer in elderly patients are influenced by their history of comorbidities. Understanding how aging affects the immune response in CRC patients is crucial for developing effective therapies.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Seth D. Thompson, Rajeswari Pichika, Richard L. Lieber, G. R. Scott Budinger, Mitra Lavasani
Summary: Transplantation of young MDSPCs rejuvenates aging knee cartilage by reducing inflammation, promoting regenerative genes, and improving mobility and arthritis-related gait dysfunctions in aged mice. This suggests that MDSPCs may represent a novel therapy to increase mobility and function in aged or OA patients.
Article
Cell Biology
Prakash P. Praharaj, Srimanta Patra, Soumya R. Mishra, Subhadip Mukhopadhyay, Daniel J. Klionsky, Shankargouda Patil, Sujit K. Bhutia
Summary: This study found that cisplatin treatment activated higher mitophagy in oral cancer stem cells by regulating CLU levels. CLU regulated mitochondrial fission by activating AKT kinase, leading to mitochondrial fission. Furthermore, CLU-mediated mitophagy positively regulated oral cancer stem cells by degrading MSX2 and preventing its nuclear translocation, which suppressed SOX2 activity and inhibited cancer stemness and self-renewal ability.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Chih-Huang Tseng, Pei-Hsuan Lu, Yi-Ping Wang, Julia Yu Fong Chang
Summary: Ameloblastoma is a common benign odontogenic neoplasm with aggressive behavior and high recurrence rate. This study found the presence of SOX2-positive cells in ameloblastomas, possibly correlated with BRAF(V600E) mutation. These findings may guide the development of personalized treatments.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Shennan Wang, Zhou Li, Piao Li, Lingling Li, Yu Liu, Yanqi Feng, Ruichao Li, Shu Xia
Summary: Radiation therapy is important in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but radioresistance limits its effectiveness. SOX2, a transcription factor expressed in cancer stem cells (CSC), is involved in NSCLC tumorigenesis and progression. The association between SOX2 and NSCLC radioresistance is not yet clear.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Vanesa Porto, David Buceta, Blanca Dominguez, Carmen Carneiro, Erea Borrajo, Maria Fraile, Nerea Davila-Ferreira, Iria R. Arias, Jose M. Blanco, Maria C. Blanco, Juan M. Devida, Lisandro J. Giovanetti, Felix G. Requejo, Juan C. Hernandez-Garrido, Jose J. Calvino, Miguel Lopez-Haro, Giampaolo Barone, Andrew M. James, Tomas Garcia-Caballero, Diego M. Gonzalez-Castano, Martin Treder, Wolfgang Huber, Anxo Vidal, Michael P. Murphy, M. Arturo Lopez-Quintela, Fernando Dominguez
Summary: Low atomicity Ag-5 clusters exhibit catalytic and antitumor activities, suggesting potential applications in cancer therapy.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Alfonso Cepeda-Emiliani, Marina Gandara-Cortes, Maria Otero-Alen, Heidy Garcia, Juan Suarez-Quintanilla, Tomas Garcia-Caballero, Rosalia Gallego, Lucia Garcia-Caballero
Summary: This study analyzed the immunohistological patterns of neural tissue in the human penis, with a focus on the prepuce and the potential sexual effects of circumcision. The results provided detailed characterization of the preputial nerve supply and discussed the possible neuroanatomic substrates underlying sensory disturbances post-circumcision.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPOTENCE RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Valentin Estevez-Souto, Sabela Da Silva-Alvarez, Manuel Collado
Summary: Cellular senescence is an important mechanism to prevent the division of damaged cells, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in intercellular communication during cellular senescence.
Article
Cell Biology
Miguel Rovira, Rebecca Sereda, David Pladevall-Morera, Valentina Ramponi, Ines Marin, Mate Maus, Julio Madrigal-Matute, Antonio Diaz, Fernando Garcia, Javier Munoz, Ana Maria Cuervo, Manuel Serrano
Summary: The lysosomal proteome of senescent cells undergoes significant changes, and some senescent cells can be highly active in lysosomal exocytosis.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cian J. Lynch, Manuel Serrano
Summary: Assessing age-related tissue dysfunction is a developing field that requires the integration of multiple large-scale techniques. In their recent study, Tessarz and colleagues characterized changes in the transcriptional machinery during aging in mice and reported surprising findings.
MOLECULAR SYSTEMS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Ines Marin, Olga Boix, Andrea Garcia-Garijo, Isabelle Sirois, Adria Caballe, Eduardo Zarzuela, Irene Ruano, Camille Stephan-Otto Attolini, Neus Prats, Jose A. Lopez-Dominguez, Marta Kovatcheva, Elena Garralda, Javier Munoz, Etienne Caron, Maria Abad, Alena Gros, Federico Pietrocola, Manuel Serrano
Summary: Senescent cells possess various features that make them highly efficient in stimulating dendritic cells and antigen-specific CD8 T cells, including the release of alarmins, activation of IFN signaling, enhanced MHC class I machinery, and presentation of specific self-peptides. Immunization with senescent cancer cells induces strong antitumor protection mediated by DCs and CD8 T cells, surpassing the effectiveness of immunization with cancer cells undergoing immunogenic cell death. Furthermore, induction of senescence in human primary cancer cells enhances their ability to activate autologous antigen-specific tumor-infiltrating CD8 lymphocytes. This study highlights the potential of exploiting senescent cancer cells to develop efficient and protective CD8-dependent antitumor immune responses.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carlos Lopez-Otin, Maria A. Blasco, Linda Partridge, Manuel Serrano, Guido Kroemer
Summary: Aging is driven by hallmarks that manifest with age, accelerate aging when accentuated experimentally, and can be decelerated, stopped, or reversed with therapeutic interventions. The twelve proposed hallmarks of aging include genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, disabled macroautophagy, deregulated nutrient-sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, altered intercellular communication, chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis. These hallmarks are interconnected with each other and with the recently proposed hallmarks of health.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Marcia Dominguez, Kathleen Meyer, Felix Sancenon, Juan F. Blandez, Manuel Serrano, Ramon Martinez-Manez
Summary: Kidney damage can be monitored using different biomarkers in blood, urine or serum, and kidney failure leads to the overexpression of the alanine aminopeptidase (APN) enzyme in urine. In this study, a molecular probe (NB-ALA) based on the Nile Blue fluorophore (NB) was designed to detect APN enzyme in urine through simple fluorometric measurements.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Ines Marin, Manuel Serrano, Federico Pietrocola
Summary: Cancer therapy-induced senescence in cancer cells can interact with the immune system to enhance cancer surveillance and promote clearance of both senescent and non-senescent neoplastic cells. Recent studies have shown that senescent cancer cells have potent antigenicity and adjuvanticity and can induce strong CD8(+) T cell-dependent anticancer effects when used as vaccination agents.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Margherita Protasoni, Manuel Serrano
Summary: Ageing is characterized by cellular dysfunction and overall deterioration of tissues and organs, making individuals more susceptible to diseases. This article examines the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence, two key factors in the ageing process. By targeting specific mitochondrial features in senescent cells, it may be possible to delay or reverse ageing. Understanding the alterations in mitochondrial function and structure, as well as available treatments, can pave the way for future anti-ageing therapies.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carolina Herrero, Alba Ferreiros, Daniel Perez-Fentes, Luis Leon-Mateos, Rafael Lopez-Lopez, Miguel Abal, Lorena Alonso-Alconada
Summary: The analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has joined circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA as the two most developed biomarkers in liquid biopsy. EVs are lipid-bilayer enclosed structures released by all cell types containing a variety of molecules, including DNA, mRNA, and miRNA. This study validated the use of ExoGAG, an easy-to-use EV isolation technology, for the isolation of EVs from plasma and urine samples. The study also analyzed the genetic material contained in the EVs, including the detection of point mutations in DNA and the identification of mRNA expression patterns associated with prostate cancer.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xose Luis Dean-Ben, Justine Robin, Daniil Nozdriukhin, Ruiqing Ni, Jim Zhao, Chaim Gluck, Jeanne Droux, Juan Sendon-Lago, Zhenyue Chen, Quanyu Zhou, Bruno Weber, Susanne Wegener, Anxo Vidal, Michael Arand, Mohamad El Amki, Daniel Razansky
Summary: By using dichloromethane microdroplets with high optical absorption, the authors demonstrate 3D microangiography of the mouse brain, overcoming the issue of strong background absorption from red blood cells.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Ines Marin, Manuel Serrano, Federico Pietrocola
Summary: Recent reports provide strong evidence that senescent cells undergo surveillance by CD8 T cell-mediated adaptive immunity in both oncological and non-oncological experimental setups. These findings also reveal the mechanisms of sensitizing senescent cells to CD8 T cell-dependent killing and the mechanisms of senescent cell evasion from CD8 T cell immunosurveillance. Understanding the interplay between cellular senescence and the adaptive immune system could potentially lead to new strategies for mitigating aging and aging-associated diseases.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jaime Martinez de Villarreal, Mark Kalisz, Gabriel Piedrafita, Osvaldo Grana-Castro, Dafni Chondronasiou, Manuel Serrano, Francisco X. Real
Summary: Transposable elements have played a major role in shaping mammalian genomes, but little is known about their cell-type-specific expression. A cost-efficient single-cell-resolution TE expression analytical approach is needed.
