Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elena Tamagno, Michela Guglielmotto, Valeria Vasciaveo, Massimo Tabaton
Summary: The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease involves the accumulation of beta amyloid and vulnerability of the brain to oxidative stress, which are linked to each other. It is difficult to determine which comes first, Aβ or oxidative stress. Evidence suggests that oxidative stress occurs early in the development of Alzheimer's disease and plays a crucial role in the manifestation of clinical and pathological symptoms.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ming-Chang Chiang, Christopher J. B. Nicol
Summary: This study demonstrates that glutathione conjugated gold nanoparticles (GSH-AuNPs) have the potential therapeutic value for Alzheimer's disease (AD) by protecting neural stem cells (hNSCs) from A beta-induced oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. GSH-AuNPs restore the expression of key genes and maintain cellular homeostasis in A beta-treated hNSCs.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Shiveena Bhatia, Rishi Rawal, Pratibha Sharma, Tanveer Singh, Manjinder Singh, Varinder Singh
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a major cause of senile dementia, characterized by accumulation of plaques and tangles in the brain leading to neurodegeneration and cell death, along with other pathological features such as abnormal microvasculature and increased beta-amyloid production. Mitochondrial Dysfunction (MD) is implicated in all associated AD pathologies, with evidence suggesting its involvement in the progression of neurodegeneration in AD.
CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biology
Giusy Tassone, Arian Kola, Daniela Valensin, Cecilia Pozzi
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of people worldwide, with no effective treatments currently available. Research using proteomics and redox proteomics has identified potential drug targets in altered proteins and pathways, particularly in mitochondrial proteins related to metabolism, ATP generation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Despite the lack of effective drugs, compounds targeting mitochondria have shown promising results in research.
Article
Cell Biology
So Hee Kim, Kyu Yeong Choi, Yega Park, Catriona McLean, Jiyu Park, Jung Hoon Lee, Kyung-Hwa Lee, Byeong C. Kim, Yun Hyun Huh, Kun Ho Lee, Woo Keun Song
Summary: The research identified miR-1273g-3p as an AD-associated miRNA that is elevated in the CSF of early-stage AD patients and enhances Aβ production and mitochondrial impairments. Through a biotin-streptavidin pull-down assay, it was demonstrated that miR-1273g-3p primarily interacts with mitochondrial genes, leading to their downregulation. Target gene analysis showed reduced expression of TIMM13 in brain tissues from human AD patients, indicating that miR-1273g-3p plays a role in early AD pathogenesis.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Franziska Pohl, Allison L. Germann, Jack Mao, Sydney Hou, Bayode Bakare, Paul Kong Thoo Lin, Kyari Yates, Michael L. Nonet, Gustav Akk, Kerry Kornfeld, Jason M. Held
Summary: The gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated (GABAergic) system plays a role in organismal physiology and disease, including proteostasis and neuronal dysfunction. This study reveals that GABAergic redox signaling activates stress response pathways and enhances vulnerability to proteostasis disease in the absence of oxidative stress in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cody R. Fisher, Adam A. Shaaeli, Mara C. Ebeling, Sandra R. Montezuma, Deborah A. Ferrington
Summary: This study assessed mitochondrial fission, fusion, and mitophagy in human RPE with or without AMD, and found disease-specific differences. The data suggest that AMD RPE compensate for deficits in the ubiquitin-mediated mitophagy pathway by utilizing receptor-mediated mitophagy.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ratnakar Jadhav, Yogesh A. Kulkarni
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive loss of memory and cognitive dysfunction, particularly in older individuals. The prevalence of the disease has increased due to the global aging population. Current treatments for Alzheimer's disease have limited efficacy and adverse effects. Recent research suggests that natural products, such as baicalein, could be potential treatment options for Alzheimer's disease. Baicalein, a flavonoid from the flavone subclass, has shown neuroprotective properties through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, AChE enzyme inhibitory, and anti-amyloid protein aggregation activities.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Wenyuan Tao, Linjie Yu, Shu Shu, Ying Liu, Zi Zhuang, Siyi Xu, Xinyu Bao, Yue Gu, Fang Cai, Weihong Song, Yun Xu, Xiaolei Zhu
Summary: The study showed that miR-204-3p attenuated memory deficits and oxidative stress in APP/PS1 mice by targeting Nox4, indicating that miR-204-3p overexpression and/or Nox4 inhibition could be a potential therapeutic strategy for AD treatment.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrila E. Collins, Tarek M. Saleh, Bettina E. Kalisch
Summary: The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease is estimated to double by 2040. Current treatments do not address the underlying causes of the disease, but research suggests that antioxidants may help mitigate oxidative stress. Recent studies have focused on natural antioxidants as potential preventatives and treatments for neurodegenerative conditions associated with oxidative stress.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cong Duc Nguyen, Gihyun Lee
Summary: Melittin, the main component of honeybee venom, has been found to exhibit neuroprotective actions by alleviating oxidative stress and memory impairment in both in vitro and in vivo models. It effectively protects neuronal cells by regulating reactive oxygen species and apoptosis-related factors, while enhancing antioxidant defense pathways. Melittin also activates neurogenesis pathways and improves cognitive deficits, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative disorders.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Silvia De Caro, Giulia De Soricellis, Simone Dell'Acqua, Enrico Monzani, Stefania Nicolis
Summary: Both beta-amyloid peptides and oxidative stress are important factors in Alzheimer's disease. Hemin, which has redox properties, contributes to the disease's development and its level increases in pathological conditions and traumatic brain injuries. This study aimed to investigate the reactivity of the hemin-beta-amyloid(16) complex and found that it can catalyze oxidation and nitration reactions. The results showed that the complex binds negatively charged substrates with higher affinity and the tyrosine residue is the target of nitration. The study also found that hemin degradation is partly prevented by the coordinated peptide.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Al Borhan Bayazid, Beong Ou Lim
Summary: This study discusses the impact of oxidative stress on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), and explores the potential of using nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) signaling pathways and quercetin as therapeutic approaches against neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs).
Article
Cell Biology
Patricia Sinclair, Ancha Baranova, Nadine Kabbani
Summary: This study revealed that Aβ(42) disrupts proteome responses for signaling, bioenergetics, and morphology in mitochondria. These findings highlight the specific components of the mitochondrial response during Aβ(42) neurotoxicity and suggest several new biomarkers for detection and surveillance of amyloid disease.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ruifeng Zhang, Miao Zeng, Xiaolu Zhang, Yujia Zheng, Nuan Lv, Luming Wang, Jiali Gan, Yawen Li, Xijuan Jiang, Lin Yang
Summary: Saponins, specifically ginsenoside Rg1 and pseudoginsenoside-F11, show the most promise in treating Alzheimer's disease by reducing amyloid beta peptide deposition, inhibiting tau phosphorylation, modulating oxidative stress, reducing inflammation, and antiapoptosis. This review provides a comprehensive summary and classification of common saponins studied for their therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease, showcasing their underlying mechanisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)