Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexander M. Hilla, Annemarie Baehr, Marco Leibinger, Anastasia Andreadaki, Dietmar Fischer
Summary: Regenerative failure in the optic nerve is attributed to a chemoattractive CXCL12/CXCR4-dependent mechanism that prevents growth-stimulated axons from regenerating distally. Depletion of CXCR4 or CXCL12 reduces aberrant axonal growth and enables long-distance regeneration.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Ophthalmology
Jonathan C. Horton, Mikayla D. Dilbeck, John R. Economides
Summary: This study examined the course of fibres through the optic chiasm by injecting different fluorescent tracers into each eye of a monkey. It found that a distinct, central compartment within the anterior two-thirds of the optic chiasm contains only crossing fibres, explaining why tumors often cause temporal visual field loss.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Klaus-Armin Nave, Hauke B. Werner
Summary: Myelination of axons is essential for rapid nerve conduction in vertebrates, with myelinating oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells playing additional roles in neuronal energy metabolism, similar to axon-ensheathing glial cells in invertebrates. Bidirectional axoglial interactions regulate cell fate and nerve conduction, and the evolution of compact myelin in vertebrates was a key step in adapting to new ecological niches.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF NEUROSCIENCE, VOL 44, 2021
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Klara Metzner, Omar Darawsha, Mengzhe Wang, Nayana Gaur, Yiming Cheng, Annekathrin Roediger, Christiane Frahm, Otto W. W. Witte, Fabiana Perocchi, Hubertus Axer, Julian Grosskreutz, Monika S. S. Brill
Summary: This study investigated alterations in cytoskeletal content and sensory axon caliber during aging using human skin biopsies. Results showed an increase in cytoskeletal components with aging in both sexes, while elevation in axon diameter was only evident in males. Transcriptomic data from aging males illustrated various patterns in gene expression, suggesting gender-specific changes in peripheral sensory axons during aging that may increase susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Ophthalmology
Meysam Yazdankhah, Peng Shang, Sayan Ghosh, Stacey Hose, Haitao Liu, Joseph Weiss, Christopher S. Fitting, Imran A. Bhutto, J. Samuel Zigler Jr, Jiang Qian, Jose-Alain Sahel, Debasish Sinha, Nadezda A. Stepicheva
Summary: The optic nerve, with its unique characteristics, plays a crucial role in maintaining neuronal activity in the central nervous system. Glial cells in the optic nerve provide essential support for retinal ganglion cells and are sensitive to pathological conditions, as seen in vision problems in multiple sclerosis. Current research focuses on understanding the organization and function of glial cells in the optic nerve for potential therapeutic advances.
PROGRESS IN RETINAL AND EYE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Annelies Van Dyck, Ilse Bollaerts, An Beckers, Sophie Vanhunsel, Nynke Glorian, Jessie van Houcke, Tjakko J. van Ham, Lies De Groef, Lien Andries, Lieve Moons
Summary: The study demonstrates that inducing intraocular inflammation can promote axonal regrowth after optic nerve injury in zebrafish. Additionally, acute depletion of microglia and macrophages in the retina compromises optic nerve regeneration, highlighting the importance of altered glial cell interactions in the regenerative process.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Janet Coleman-Belin, Alon Harris, Bo Chen, Jing Zhou, Thomas Ciulla, Alice Verticchio, Gal Antman, Michael Chang, Brent Siesky
Summary: Common risk factors for ocular pathologies involve age-related damage to the optic nerve. Understanding the mechanisms of age-related changes can help develop targeted treatments for eye diseases. This review focuses on age-related neurodegenerative changes in the optic nerve and their relationship with ocular pathophysiology.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
P. Komirishetty, K. Zubkow, A. Areti, H. Ong, D. W. Zochodne
Summary: The study found that local delivery of Rb1 siRNA can promote nerve regeneration at the outset, enhancing reinnervation of epidermal axons. Combining intrinsic Rb1 knockdown with exogenous insulin can significantly improve growth patterns of adult sensory neurons in vitro and enhance regeneration outcomes in vivo. Overall, the findings highlight the responsiveness of regrowing peripheral neurons to both intrinsic and exogenous approaches that improve their recovery, as well as a novel local approach to manipulate gene expression and outcome in regrowing axons.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Lihong Sheng, Emily J. J. Shields, Janko Gospocic, Masato Sorida, Linyang Ju, China N. N. Byrns, Faith Carranza, Shelley L. L. Berger, Nancy Bonini, Roberto Bonasio
Summary: By studying the changes in the number and gene expression of ensheathing glia in Drosophila melanogaster brain, it is found that dysregulated ensheathing glia can lead to lipid droplet accumulation, cellular dysfunction, and death, affecting brain health and lifespan. Inhibition of apoptosis can restore the declining number of ensheathing glia with age, improve the neuro-motor performance of aged fruit flies and prolong lifespan. Furthermore, an expanded ensheathing glia population can prevent amyloid-beta accumulation in a fly model of Alzheimer's disease and delay the premature death of diseased animals. These findings highlight the vital role of ensheathing glia in regulating brain health and animal longevity.
Article
Developmental Biology
Megan M. Corty, Alexandria L. Hulegaard, Jo Q. Hill, Amy E. Sheehan, Sue A. Aicher, Marc R. Freeman
Summary: This study uses Drosophila wrapping glia to investigate the development and function of non-myelinating axon ensheathment. The selective ablation of these glia severely impairs larval locomotor behavior. Through an RNA interference screen, the conserved receptor tyrosine kinase Discoidin domain receptor (Ddr) is identified as a key regulator in axon ensheathment. Loss of Ddr results in reduced ensheathment of axons and decreased axon caliber, suggesting that Ddr functions as a collagen receptor to drive axon wrapping. In adult nerves, loss of Ddr decreases long-term survival of sensory neurons and significantly reduces axon caliber without overtly affecting ensheathment.
Article
Biophysics
Joseph Park, Andrew Shin, Somaye Jafari, Joseph L. Demer
Summary: The optic nerve exerts tractional load on the eye during eye rotations, and the material properties of the sclera, optic nerve, and its sheath vary among different regions. Preconditioning has differing effects on ocular tissue stiffness, with some regions softening while others stiffening. Mechanical properties show moderate correlation within individual eyes, but potentially pathological combinations can arise due to discrepancies in regional properties.
BIOMECHANICS AND MODELING IN MECHANOBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Simon J. O'Carroll, William H. Cook, Deborah Young
Summary: Glial cells play crucial roles in the nervous system and are involved in various diseases, making them potential targets for gene therapy. However, achieving specific targeting for each glial cell type remains a challenge due to technical limitations.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marie Deck, Gerben Van Hameren, Graham Campbell, Nathalie Bernard-Marissal, Jerome Devaux, Jade Berthelot, Alise Lattard, Jean-Jacques Medard, Benoit Gautier, Sophie Guelfi, Scarlette Abbou, Patrice Quintana, Juan Manuel Chao de la Barca, Pascal Reynier, Guy Lenaers, Roman Chrast, Nicolas Tricaud
Summary: Lactate production through PKM2 enzyme and aerobic glycolysis is essential for the long-term maintenance of peripheral nerve axon physiology and function.
Article
Neurosciences
Henrique Rocha Mendonca, Camila Oliveira Goulart Villas Boas, Luiza dos Santos Heringer, Julia Teixeira Oliveira, Ana Maria Blanco Martinez
Summary: By conditionally deleting the pten gene in retinal ganglion cells and injecting zymosan plus cAMP, the study demonstrated an increase in oligodendrocyte staining and myelination in the regenerating optic nerve. This treatment also stimulated OPC proliferation and differentiation, leading to the myelination of regenerating CNS axons.
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Natasha Sukhanov, Anya Vainshtein, Yael Eshed-Eisenbach, Elior Peles
Summary: Cell adhesion proteins of the Cadm family play a crucial role in myelination and axonal organization. The study reveals that Cadm3 is the main axonal ligand for glial Cadm4, and the combined action of Cadm2 and Cadm1 can compensate for its absence. Genetic ablation of all three Cadm genes phenocopies the abnormalities detected in the absence of Cadm4, indicating their interplay in regulating myelination and axonal organization.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Rinky Agarwal, Seema Sen, Seema Kashyap, Tanuj Dada, Tapas Chandra Nag, Viney Gupta, Ramanjit Sihota
Summary: The purpose of this study is to correlate histopathological changes of trabecular meshwork (TM) with clinical features in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). The findings suggest that fused trabecular beams are associated with higher baseline intraocular pressure (IOP), while thicker TM and lower trabecular endothelial cell (TEC) count are associated with lower IOP at final follow-up. Larger studies are required to validate these results.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Indrani Mukherjee, Ruby Dhar, Sunil Singh, Jai Bhagwan Sharma, Tapas Chandra Nag, Asit Ranjan Mridha, Parul Jaiswal, Subhrajit Biswas, Subhradip Karmakar
Summary: Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disorder characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. The study found that oxidative stress has harmful effects on placental tissues and trophoblast cell functions, leading to abnormal ultrastructure and altered unfolded protein response.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
T. C. Nag, S. Chakraborti, D. Das
Summary: We report the ocular features of the tongue sole, Cynoglossus bilineatus (Lacepede, 1802), a marine, bottom-dwelling flatfish. The findings reveal the adaptations of its eyes to the dim-light environment and the structural changes during larval metamorphosis.
Article
Cell Biology
Tapas C. Nag
Summary: This study demonstrates neuronal alterations in PMD, including thinning of the inner retinal layers, patchy or inconspicuous OPL, and elongation of cone photoreceptor cells, among others.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Shikha Upreti, Seema Sen, Tapas Chandra Nag, Madhumita P. Ghosh
Summary: This study aims to investigate the combined effect of L-Dopa and IGF-1 on diabetic retinopathy, and found that it has a protective effect on the retina and attenuates angiogenesis by modulating VEGF and IGF-1 receptor levels. This is the first report on the synergistic effect of L-Dopa+IGF-1 in a rat model of diabetic retinopathy.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shikha Chaudhary, Preeti Rai, Arti Joshi, Pooja Yadav, Kishore Sesham, Shailendra Kumar, Asit Ranjan Mridha, Upendra Baitha, Tapas Chandra Nag, Kapil Dev Soni, Anjan Trikha, Subhash Chandra Yadav
Summary: In this study, the cellular infectivity and ultrastructural changes caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection were examined in bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) cells from different age groups and patients with comorbidities. The study found that younger patients had higher infection rates and better preservation of subcellular structures compared to older patients. Patients without comorbidities had higher viral load in BALF cells compared to those with comorbidities. Diabetic patients showed the most severe ultrastructural damage in BALF cells within the comorbid group.
MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Avishek Roy, Sakshi Sharma, Tapas Chandra Nag, Jatinder Katyal, Yogendra Kumar Gupta, Suman Jain
Summary: Research suggests that ICV-STZ injection can lead to cognitive and neuropsychiatric abnormalities due to structural loss at the neuronal and synaptic levels, which is closely associated with changes in neuronal metabolism.
NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Binney Sharma, Avishek Roy, Trina Sengupta, Lal Chandra Vishwakarma, Anuraag Singh, Ritesh Netam, Tapas Chandra Nag, Nasreen Akhtar, Hruda Nanda Mallick
Summary: Sleep has an impact on both brain function and neuromuscular junction morphology and neurochemistry.
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Bikash Chaurasia, Nitesh Tewari, Vijay Prakash Mathur, Tapas Chandra Nag, Subhash Chandra Yadav, Morankar Rahul, Deepika Mishra, Kalpana Bansal
Summary: This proof-of-concept study aimed to investigate the microscopic changes in resin penetration characteristics of tooth fragments after different rehydration protocols. The results showed that rehydration with distilled water resulted in the greatest depth and width of resin tags, followed by rehydration in a humidification chamber. Additionally, there were more resin tags in the samples rehydrated with distilled water and humidification compared to the samples with no rehydration.
DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Reshal Suri, Tapas C. Nag, Nikita Mehra, Yub Raj Neupane, Sadat Shafi, Devyani Sharma, Kalicharan Sharma, Yasmin Sultana, Kanchan Kohli
Summary: This study found that chitosan functionalized PLGA nanoparticles can effectively and sustainedly deliver sirolimus to the retina for the treatment of AMD. Compared to plain sirolimus, these nanoparticles provide better protection against retinal degeneration and have no toxic side effects.
JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Indrani Mukherjee, Subhrajit Biswas, Sunil Singh, Joyeeta Talukdar, Mohammed S. S. Alqahtani, Mohamed Abbas, Tapas Chandra Nag, Asit Ranjan Mridha, Surabhi Gupta, Jai Bhagwan Sharma, Supriya Kumari, Ruby Dhar, Subhradip Karmakar
Summary: The overproduction of ROS has been linked to various human diseases. Monosodium glutamate (MSG), a food additive commonly used in Asian cuisine, has been associated with ROS generation. This study found that MSG exposure influenced trophoblast invasion and differentiation, two critical functions during placenta formation, through increased ROS production. The findings suggest that long-term exposure to MSG may have adverse health effects, compromising important trophoblast functions.
Article
Ophthalmology
Tapas C. Nag
Summary: This study investigated age-related changes in Muller glial cells in donor human retina and found that these cells undergo osmotic changes, gliosis, and lipid peroxidation with advanced aging. Photoreceptor cells also experience oxidative-nitrosative stress with aging. Muller glial cells respond to oxidative stress through different mechanisms, but their phagocytic potential decreases with aging.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Khushboo Bisht, Dharam Vir Singh Arya, Vipin Kumar Verma, Zia Abdullah, Ruma Ray, Rajiv Narang, Tapas Chandra Nag, Jagriti Bhatia
JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
S. C. Sarangi, D. Sharma, S. S. Pattnaik, A. Nambirajan, T. C. Nag, M. Tripathi
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
B. Sharma, A. Roy, L. C. Vishwakarma, R. Neetam, T. C. Nag, N. Akhtar, H. N. Mallick
