Article
Immunology
Roberto Alfonso-Dunn, Jerry Lin, Vanessa Kirschner, Joyce Lei, Grant Feuer, Michaela Malin, Jiayuan Liu, Morgan Roche, Saud A. Sadiq
Summary: This study found that multiple sclerosis patients receiving anti-CD20 therapy (aCD20-MS) have a weak immune response to COVID-19 vaccination, but their T cells are not affected. This suggests that although aCD20-MS patients have deficiencies in antibody production, their T cells can still provide partial protection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Jayden A. Smith, Alexandra M. Nicaise, Rosana-Bristena Ionescu, Regan Hamel, Luca Peruzzotti-Jametti, Stefano Pluchino
Summary: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination and axonal degeneration. While current treatments for progressive MS are limited, stem cell transplantation shows promise in providing neurotrophic support, immunomodulation, and cell replacement to combat chronic neuroinflammation.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Inez Wens, Ibo Janssens, Judith Derdelinckx, Megha Meena, Barbara Willekens, Nathalie Cools
Summary: This review discusses the use of cell-based treatment options for multiple sclerosis, including hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, regulatory T cells, and other cell types less commonly used in cell therapy. While challenges exist, cell-based therapies hold promise for the future treatment of autoimmune diseases like MS.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Neeta Garg, Elizabeth Jordan Padron, Kottil W. Rammohan, Courtney Frances Goodman
Summary: BTK is an important protein that plays a key role in cellular signaling and is involved in the development of various diseases, including malignancies and autoimmune disorders. Understanding its function and developing BTK inhibitors offer promising therapeutic options for these conditions.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ide Smets, Teresa Prezzemolo, Maya Imbrechts, Klara Mallants, Tania Mitera, Stephanie Humblet-Baron, Benedicte Dubois, Patrick Matthys, Adrian Liston, An Goris
Summary: The study indicates that both fingolimod and interferon-beta induce BAFF protein and mRNA expression, leading to a shift in the B cell pool towards a regulatory phenotype. Specifically, BAFF protein correlated with an increase in transitional B cells, decrease in switched B cells, and reduction in B cell-surface BAFF-R expression. However, BAFF does not directly influence the expression of immunoregulatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-35.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Monica Margoni, Paolo Preziosa, Massimo Filippi, Maria A. Rocca
Summary: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease affecting the central nervous system, and recent advancements in immune pathophysiology have led to the identification of selective B-cell-depleting therapies like anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, which have shown strong efficacy and safety in treating MS. This has expanded the therapeutic options for both relapsing and progressive MS patients, highlighting the important role of B cells in the disease process.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Panagiotis Kanatas, Ioannis Stouras, Leonidas Stefanis, Panos Stathopoulos
Summary: This review summarizes the involvement of B cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) and discusses their critical contributions to the disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Buonomo Antonio Riccardo, Viceconte Giulio, Calabrese Massimiliano, De Luca Giovanna, Tomassini Valentina, Cavalla Paola, Maniscalco Giorgia Teresa, Ferraro Diana, Nociti Viviana, Radaelli Marta, Buscarinu Maria Chiara, Paolicelli Damiano, Gajofatto Alberto, Annovazzi Pietro, Pinardi Federica, Di Filippo Massimiliano, Cordioli Cinzia, Zappulo Emanuela, Scotto Riccardo, Gentile Ivan, Spiezia Antonio, Petruzzo Martina, De Angelis Marcello, Brescia Morra Vincenzo, Solaro Claudio, Gasperini Claudio, Cocco Eleonora, Moccia Marcello, Lanzillo Roberta
Summary: Baseline HBV screening is a common practice for patients receiving anti-CD20 and cladribine treatment for multiple sclerosis. However, the vaccination coverage for HBV is still insufficient in this population, and age is an important factor associated with lack of HBV protection. Rituximab, ocrelizumab, and cladribine do not affect the response to HBV vaccination. Nearly 35% of patients with potential occult hepatitis B virus infection fail to receive HBV prevention. The management of HBV prophylaxis in multiple sclerosis patients could be improved, and further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic strategies in these patients.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Biomedical
Jiawei Wang, Jiyuan Yang, Jindrich Kopecek
Summary: B cells play multiple roles in immune responses related to autoimmune diseases and cancers, making B cell targeting strategies widely studied. Common mechanisms of B cell targeting therapies include direct B cell depletion, modulation of BCR signaling, targeting B cell survival factors, and immune checkpoint blockade, with nanocarriers playing an important role in B cell-targeted drug delivery.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Krista D. DiSano, Francesca Gilli, Andrew R. Pachner
Summary: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, with B cells emerging as central players in the immune pathogenesis of the disease. Memory B cells (Bmem) are considered key B cell phenotypes in MS due to their antigen-experience, increased lifespan, and rapid response to stimulation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Peter Alping, Joachim Burman, Jan Lycke, Thomas Frisell, Fredrik Piehl
Summary: This study compares the safety outcomes of different induction therapies for multiple sclerosis patients. It found a higher incidence of thyroid disease in patients treated with alemtuzumab and AHSCT, with a higher incidence of infection in AHSCT-treated patients compared to both alemtuzumab and noninduction therapies. The incidence of nonthyroid autoimmune disease was low for both therapies.
Review
Immunology
Georges Jalkh, Rachelle Abi Nahed, Gabrielle Macaron, Mary Rensel
Summary: In the past decade, the therapeutic options for multiple sclerosis have greatly expanded, with newer and more effective disease modifying therapies being increasingly used early in the disease course. Despite their advantages in controlling disease activity and improving long-term outcomes, these newer therapies come with safety concerns and monitoring requirements that highlight the need for periodic re-evaluation and adjustment of monitoring strategies for optimizing treatment safety in an individualized manner.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carla Rodriguez-Mogeda, Sabela Rodriguez-Lorenzo, Jiji Attia, Jack van Horssen, Maarten E. Witte, Helga E. de Vries
Summary: Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease where B cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis, migrating into the central nervous system through various routes. Understanding the routes of B cell entry into the inflamed CNS is essential for comprehending the disease.
Review
Immunology
Jerome de Seze, Elisabeth Maillart, Antoine Gueguen, David A. A. Laplaud, Laure Michel, Eric Thouvenot, Helene Zephir, Luc Zimmer, Damien Biotti, Roland Liblau
Summary: The immune system plays a significant role in multiple sclerosis, with B cells now recognized as essential players in the disease. High-efficacy disease-modifying therapies, such as anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, have emerged and can effectively suppress disease activity. These therapies prevent relapses, reduce brain lesions, and lessen disability progression in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Casper L. de Mol, Marvin M. van Luijn, Karim L. Kreft, Kirsten I. M. Looman, Menno C. van Zelm, Tonya White, Henriette A. Moll, Joost Smolders, Rinze F. Neuteboom
Summary: This study aimed to assess whether polygenic risk scores for MS are associated with changes in the blood B-cell compartment in children. The results showed that a naive B-cell-MS-PRS was significantly associated with lower naive B-cell numbers and higher frequencies and absolute numbers of memory B cells in children. The findings suggest that specific genetic risk variants may impact the composition of the blood B-cell compartment during childhood, potentially influencing MS pathophysiology later in life.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
