Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Allison B. Herman, Dimitrios Tsitsipatis, Myriam Gorospe
Summary: In the past 25 years, numerous long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with diverse sequences, structures, and functions have been discovered through high-throughput and sensitive technologies. lncRNAs create an additional regulatory dimension by interacting with proteins and nucleic acids, helping to establish robust, nimble, and specific transcriptional and posttranscriptional control over gene expression.
Review
Cell Biology
Suman Singh, Tanvi Sinha, Amaresh C. Panda
Summary: Circular RNAs have emerged as novel regulators of gene expression through various mechanisms. Most studies focus on functional circRNAs regulating target gene expression by interacting with microRNAs. Although computational tools and molecular assays have been used to predict and validate the interaction of miRNAs with circRNAs, careful validation of functional interactions in vivo is necessary.
WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Zhixia Zhou, Cuibo Leng, Zhan Wang, Linhai Long, Yiju Lv, Ziru Gao, Yin Wang, Shoushi Wang, Peifeng Li
Summary: Research in the past two decades has confirmed that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), present in cells from yeast to vertebrates, are functional regulators involved in cellular and physiological processes. Dysregulation of ncRNAs is linked to imbalances in cellular homeostasis and the development of diseases. In mammals, ncRNAs like long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) serve as biomarkers and intervention targets in growth, development, immunity, and disease progression. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis, in which lncRNAs act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), is the predominant mode of lncRNA-miRNA crosstalk. However, the role and mechanism of the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis in teleost species have received little attention. This review provides an overview of the physiological and pathological regulation of the teleost lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis in growth and development, reproduction, skeletal muscle, immunity to bacterial and viral infections, and stress-related immune responses. It also explores the potential application of the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis in the aquaculture industry.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eleonora A. Braga, Marina V. Fridman, Alexey M. Burdennyy, Vitaly I. Loginov, Alexey A. Dmitriev, Irina V. Pronina, Sergey G. Morozov
Summary: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), primarily through competing binding with microRNAs (miRNAs). However, other mechanisms involving RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that increase the stability of target mRNAs, and potential involvement of lncRNAs in m6A modification, have also been reported. Analysis of target proteins using the DAVID database and protein interactions using the STRING website revealed that JAK-STAT and Hippo signaling pathways, cytokine pathways, VEGFA-VEGFR2 pathway, cell cycle regulation, and neovascularization are the most relevant pathways affected by lncRNAs in NSCLC.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Imran Ahmad, Raza Ali Naqvi, Araceli Valverde, Afsar R. Naqvi
Summary: This study unraveled the important role of MALAT1 in macrophage polarization and immune functions, and delineated its antagonistic relationship with miR-30b, providing critical insights into the regulation of macrophage polarization and immune responses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Sara J. Johnson, Thomas A. Cooper
Summary: RNA plays a major regulatory role in biological processes, with long noncoding RNAs and microsatellite expansion disorders playing key functions in biological processes and disease mechanisms. Shared mechanisms between these RNAs include protein sequestration, peptide translation, miRNA processing, and miRNA sequestration.
WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Safir Ullah Khan, Munir Ullah Khan, Muhammad Imran Khan, Adeola Abraham Fadahunsi, Asad Khan, Shuang Gao, Muhammad Bilal, Fenfen Li
Summary: The tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in tumor progression by releasing molecules that affect various aspects of cancer cells. Among them, CircRNAs have received special attention for their involvement in mutated pathways and their ability to modify the immunological environment to promote tumor growth. CircRNAs also have potential as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and may offer a novel approach to tumor immunotherapy. However, there is a lack of comprehensive overview on the role of CircRNAs in cancer. This review discusses the various dimensions of CircRNA and their role in tumors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anya L. Arthurs, Tanja Jankovic-Karasoulos, Melanie D. Smith, Claire T. Roberts
Summary: The emerging field of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has identified their novel roles in the development and function of many cancers and inspired the interest of many researchers. Recent studies have also shown that circRNAs play important roles in pregnancy, particularly in the placenta. Understanding the functions of circRNAs in pregnancy may provide insights for both pregnancy success and cancer progression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yajie Tong, Shuqing Zhang, Suzette Riddle, Rui Song, Dongmei Yue
Summary: Circular RNA (circRNA) is a newly discovered noncoding RNA that plays important roles in gene regulation and as biomarkers for clinical disorders. It is involved in maternal-fetus risk factors and may contribute to the development of cardiopulmonary disorders. Despite being a recent area of research, some studies have already revealed the expression patterns and biological functions of circRNAs.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joshua Miguel C. Danac, Reynaldo L. Garcia
Summary: Circular RNAs play important roles in disease processes. Studies have shown that circPVT1 is involved in cancer progression, and its knockdown can reduce the survival and migration abilities of cancer cells.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xuan Xiong, Changchun Liu, Meiren Shen, Qian Yang, Qiang Zhao, Xiaoyan Li, Xiaoshi Zhong, Zhiwei Wang
Summary: The study identified differentially expressed circRNAs in the kidneys of diabetic mice, some of which were upregulated and some were downregulated. Validation with quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays revealed specific circRNAs showing dysregulation in diabetic mouse kidneys.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LETTERS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ke-En Tan, Yat-Yuen Lim
Summary: circRNAs are a unique class of RNAs found across different species, including viruses. Host circRNAs play a role in immune responses against virus infections, with potential for therapeutic treatment of viral-associated diseases.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Miao Liu, Junli Zhao
Summary: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are widely present endogenous transcripts that play essential roles in disease development. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes, and circRNAs are crucial in DN pathophysiology, providing potential targets for DN treatment and management.
Article
Oncology
Liang Chen, Ge Shan
Summary: Circular RNAs play crucial roles in tumorigenesis and tumor development by promoting or suppressing cancers through different molecular mechanisms. With advancements in nucleic acid-based therapeutic tools, circRNAs could be explored as targetable molecules in future cancer treatments.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Sijia Wu, Qiuping Xue, Xinyu Qin, Xiaoming Wu, Pora Kim, Jacqueline Chyr, Xiaobo Zhou, Liyu Huang
Summary: Parkinson's disease is characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein aggregates. Genetic factors play a role in increasing the risk of PD. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms that mediate PD's transcriptomic diversity can provide insights into neurodegenerative pathogenesis.