Article
Oncology
Elisabetta Lolli, Elena De Cristofaro, Irene Marafini, Edoardo Troncone, Benedetto Neri, Francesca Zorzi, Livia Biancone, Emma Calabrese, Giovanni Monteleone
Summary: Patients with long-standing and extensive/left-sided colonic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer. Dye-based chromoendoscopy (DCE) is recommended for surveillance and prevention of colon cancer in these patients. This study identified polypoid lesions with specific morphologic features and size greater than 7 mm as frequently dysplastic/neoplastic and, therefore, should be removed.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jordan E. Axelrad, Raymond K. Cross
Summary: Patients with chronic ulcerative and Crohn's colitis have a higher risk of developing colorectal neoplasia (CRN [dysplasia and cancer]) compared to the general population. Risk factors for CRN include the extent of colitis, cumulative inflammatory burden, family history of colorectal cancer, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Best practices for preventing CRN involve controlling colonic inflammation, conducting high quality surveillance colonoscopy with or without enhanced imaging techniques, removing visible dysplasia if possible, and considering colectomy for patients with unresectable dysplasia, invisible multifocal low-grade dysplasia, or invisible high-grade dysplasia. The decision to stop dysplasia surveillance should be individualized and based on factors such as age, frailty, comorbid conditions, life expectancy, previous surveillance exam results, and risk factors for CRN.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jenna Anderson, Spencer Frost, Kian Keyashian, Nir Modiano
Summary: This study examines the potential association between pentosan polysulfate (PPS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or dysplasia. Electronic medical records were used to identify IBD patients using PPS. Out of the 30 identified patients, 10 (33.3%) had colonic dysplasia, with 6 of them (60%) undergoing colectomy due to endoscopically unresectable dysplasia. Three patients (10%) discontinued PPS and experienced apparent improvement.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Massimo Claudio Fantini, Ilaria Guadagni
Summary: Patients with UC and CD have an increased risk of developing CRC, with inflammation playing a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CAC. Control of inflammation is pivotal to the prevention of CAC.
DIGESTIVE AND LIVER DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michelle Temby, Theresa L. Boye, Jacqueline Hoang, Ole H. Nielsen, John Gubatan
Summary: This article reviews the role of kinase signaling pathways in colitis-associated colon cancer, including MAPK, CDK, autophagy-activated kinases, JAK-STAT, and other kinases. It also discusses the involvement of JAK-STAT signaling in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the potential use of JAK inhibitors for treating IBD.
Article
Microbiology
Limin Xu, Bingdong Liu, Liujing Huang, Ze Li, Yanbo Cheng, Ye Tian, Guihua Pan, Huijun Li, Yinlan Xu, Weidong Wu, Zongbin Cui, Liwei Xie
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a global public health problem. Probiotic consortia and metabolites have been found to ameliorate the symptoms of gut inflammation and regulate microbial dysbiosis. The effect of probiotic consortia is better than that of any single probiotic strain.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Review
Immunology
John P. Thomas, Dezso Modos, Simon M. Rushbrook, Nick Powell, Tamas Korcsmaros
Summary: This review examines the interaction between bile acid metabolites and intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), highlighting their role in regulation of the inflammatory milieu through pathways such as autophagy, apoptosis, and the inflammasome pathway. The study also discusses the potential of novel experimental and bioinformatics approaches to further advance our understanding of the role of bile acids in IBD and inform therapeutic strategies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jordan E. Axelrad, Adam Faye, James C. Slaughter, Noam Harpaz, Steven H. Itzkowitz, Shailja C. Shah
Summary: Colorectal strictures in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are not independently associated with the risk of advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACRN) or colectomy, according to a retrospective cohort analysis. Further multicenter, prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Ana Maria Porras, Hao Zhou, Qiaojuan Shi, Xieyue Xiao, Randy JRI Live Cell Bank, Randy Longman, Ilana Lauren Brito
Summary: A healthy gut barrier formed by epithelial cells prevents bacteria and substances from entering the body. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients have increased protease activity in their gut microbiota, which may contribute to ECM remodeling and worsen colonic inflammation. The study discovered that some commensal bacteria in the gut can degrade human ECM in vitro, suggesting their involvement in the progression of IBD.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Arno R. Bourgonje, Damian Kloska, Anna Grochot-Przeczek, Martin Feelisch, Antonio Cuadrado, Harry van Goor
Summary: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are closely associated with inflammation and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The variability in disease activity and response to therapy poses challenges to diagnosis and patient care. The use of redox metabolomics approaches and integration of clinical-omics can help identify disrupted redox signaling pathways and develop personalized redox medicine approaches for IBD treatment.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jordan E. Axelrad, Ola Olen, Michael C. Sachs, Rune Erichsen, Lars Pedersen, Jonas Halfvarson, Johan Askling, Anders Ekbom, Henrik Toft Sorensen, Jonas F. Ludvigsson
Summary: Crohn's disease patients are at increased risk of developing small bowel cancer and dying from it, with higher risks for recently diagnosed patients and those with childhood-onset, ileal, and stricturing CD. However, the absolute risks are low overall.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vishal Khatri, Ramaswamy Kalyanasundaram
Summary: This review focuses on the association between IBD and gut inflammasome, as well as recent advances in research and therapeutic strategies for IBD, discussing inflammasomes and their components, outcomes from experimental animals and human studies, inflammasome inhibitors, and developments in inflammasome-targeted therapies for IBD.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Alka A. Potdar, Shishir Dube, Takeo Naito, Katherine Li, Gregory Botwin, Talin Haritunians, Dalin Li, David Casero, Shaohong Yang, Janine Bilsborough, Jacqueline G. Perrigoue, Lee A. Denson, Mark Daly, Stephan R. Targan, Phillip Fleshner, Jonathan Braun, Subra Kugathasan, Thaddeus S. Stappenbeck, Dermot P. B. McGovern
Summary: The study identified differences in intestinal ACE2 expression levels in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, associated with inflammation and disease severity. Treatment with anti-cytokine therapy restored ACE2 expression, potentially impacting outcomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.
Review
Cell Biology
Jiuheng Yin, Yanbei Ren, Kunqiu Yang, Wensheng Wang, Ting Wang, Weidong Xiao, Hua Yang
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is mainly caused by genetic predisposition, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, and environmental influences, resulting in inflammatory hypoxia. The hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha plays a crucial role in regulating cellular adaptation to low oxygen levels and supporting the development and function of the gut barrier.
CELL BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
HyunTaek Jung, Jae Seok Kim, Keum Hwa Lee, Kalthoum Tizaoui, Salvatore Terrazzino, Sarah Cargnin, Lee Smith, Ai Koyanagi, Louis Jacob, Han Li, Sung Hwi Hong, Dong Keon Yon, Seung Won Lee, Min Seo Kim, Paul Wasuwanich, Wikrom Karnsakul, Jae Il Shin, Andreas Kronbichler
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract that mainly affects young people. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of IBD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kevin O. Turner, Robert M. Genta, Amnon Sonnenberg
Summary: The study compared the stomach histologic changes in patients with GEJ-GC, BE, and controls. GEJ-GC patients showed higher prevalence of HpG, G-IM, and CIG compared to BE and controls. GEJ-GC likely represents gastric intestinal metaplasia and should be managed accordingly.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Jitendra Kumar, Ritesh Kumar, Amir Kumar Singh, Elviche L. Tsakem, Mahesh Kathania, Matthew J. Riese, Arianne L. Theiss, Marco L. Davila, K. Venuprasad
Summary: The study identified Cbl-b as a potential target for overcoming exhausted CAR T-cell function in solid tumors. Inhibition of Cbl-b restored effector function of exhausted T cells. Depletion of Cbl-b enhanced CAR T-cell efficacy in reducing tumor growth, decreasing exhausted T cells, and increasing effector cytokine expression.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ritesh Kumar, Amir Kumar Singh, Petro Starokadomskyy, Weibo Luo, Arianne L. Theiss, Ezra Burstein, K. Venuprasad
Summary: This study reveals that the expression of Ubc9 is significantly reduced in the colonic mucosa of ulcerative colitis patients, due to hypermethylation by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha). Inhibiting HIF-1 alpha with CRISPR-Cas9 technology can normalize Ubc9 expression and attenuate IL-17 expression in Th17 cells.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
K. Venuprasad, Arianne L. Theiss
Summary: NLRP6 is a protein that recognizes pathogen-derived factors, playing a crucial role in maintaining epithelial integrity and defending against microbial infections. It forms an inflammasome complex with other proteins to cleave pro-inflammatory cytokines into their active forms. Recent advances have shed light on the activation mechanisms of the NLRP6 inflammasome.
Article
Cell Biology
Kibrom M. Alula, Dakota N. Jackson, Andrew D. Smith, Daniel S. Kim, Kevin Turner, Elizabeth Odstrcil, Benny A. Kaipparettu, Themistocles Dassopoulos, K. Venuprasad, Linda A. Feagins, Arianne L. Theiss
Summary: Paneth cell defects in Crohn's disease patients, particularly the Type I phenotype, are associated with poor clinical outcomes. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated as a mediator of ileitis in mice, suggesting that targeting impaired mitochondria could offer a novel treatment approach for CD. Mitochondrial-targeted therapeutics, such as Mito-Tempo, have been shown to normalize gene expression and tissue response in CD patients, potentially affecting innate immune, lipid metabolism, and GPCR gene signatures.
Article
Pathology
Kevin O. Turner, Margaret H. Collins, Marjorie M. Walker, Robert M. Genta
Summary: Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases, such as eosinophilic gastritis and duodenitis, are chronic inflammatory conditions characterized by persistent gastrointestinal symptoms and increased levels of activated eosinophils in the GI tract. Evaluating eosinophil counts in GI biopsies is clinically significant, as it correlates with clinical manifestations and can be used to determine effective management and assess treatment effects.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Amnon Sonnenberg, Kevin O. Turner, Robert M. Genta
Summary: A study found that the occurrence of colorectal cancer is rising in younger patients compared to older patients. The study analyzed a large sample of colonoscopy data and revealed different time patterns between colonic precursor lesions and colorectal cancer, suggesting the presence of specific environmental risk factors for malignant transformation.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Robert M. Genta, Evan S. Dellon, Kevin O. Turner
Summary: Non-oesophageal gastrointestinal eosinophilic diseases (EGID) are rare and often underdiagnosed. Clinical suspicion and diagnosis of these conditions are extremely rare. Increased clinical awareness may lead to a better understanding of the epidemiology and improved diagnosis of these elusive conditions.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Amnon Sonnenberg, Kevin O. Turner, Hossein Saboorian, Anuradha Singhal, Robert M. Genta
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
David J. Papke, Matthew B. Yurgelun, Amy E. Noffsinger, Kevin O. Turner, Robert M. Genta, Mark Redston
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Robert M. Genta, Kevin O. Turner, Cristian Robiou, Anuradha Singhal, Massimo Rugge
Summary: Incomplete intestinal metaplasia (IM) is associated with higher gastric cancer (GC) risk compared to its complete variant. AGA Guidelines recommend including IM subtyping in routine pathology reports. This study assesses the prevalence of complete versus incomplete IM in gastric conditions with different GC risks.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES
(2023)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Nicholas J. Talley, Kathryn A. Peterson, Robert M. Genta, Alan T. Chang, Evan S. Dellon, William J. Sandborn
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Robert M. Genta, Kevin O. Turner, Cristian Robiou, Anuradha Singhal, Massimo Rugge
Summary: Incomplete intestinal metaplasia is more prevalent in conditions (H. pylori gastritis) known to carry a higher risk of gastric cancer, and is strongly associated with its extension. However, the prevalence of incomplete IM is low in conditions (autoimmune atrophic gastritis and reactive gastropathy) known to have a low risk of gastric cancer.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kibrom M. Alula, Yaritza Delgado-Deida, Dakota N. Jackson, K. Venuprasad, Arianne L. Theiss
Summary: PHB1 plays a role in inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to influence the development of intestinal tumorigenesis by regulating AXIN1 expression and the beta-catenin destruction complex. Induction of nuclear PHB1 trafficking provides a novel therapeutic option to influence AXIN1 expression and the beta-catenin destruction complex in Wnt-driven intestinal tumorigenesis.
