The current role of MRI in differentiating multiple sclerosis from its imaging mimics

Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria

(2018) Alan J Thompson et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Three-Dimensional Shape and Surface Features Distinguish Multiple Sclerosis Lesions from Nonspecific White Matter Disease

(2017) Braeden D. Newton et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMAGING

The spectrum of magnetic resonance findings in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: redefinition and evidence of new markers of disease progression

(2017) Andrea Mignarri et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

Collagenosis of the Deep Medullary Veins: An Underrecognized Pathologic Correlate of White Matter Hyperintensities and Periventricular Infarction?

(2017) Julia Keith et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY

Splenial Lesions of the Corpus Callosum: Disease Spectrum and MRI Findings

(2017) Sung Eun Park et al.   KOREAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY

Investigations in GABA A receptor antibody-associated encephalitis

(2017) Marianna Spatola et al.   NEUROLOGY

Teaching Neuro Images : Diagnosis

(2017) Diane Wang et al.   NEUROLOGY

Diagnostic algorithm for relapsing acquired demyelinating syndromes in children

(2017) Yael Hacohen et al.   NEUROLOGY

Leptomeningeal gadolinium enhancement across the spectrum of chronic neuroinflammatory diseases

(2017) Martina Absinta et al.   NEUROLOGY

Prognostic relevance of MOG antibodies in children with an acquired demyelinating syndrome

(2017) Eva-Maria Hennes et al.   NEUROLOGY

MRI differential diagnosis of suspected multiple sclerosis

(2016) J.J. Chen et al.   CLINICAL RADIOLOGY

Tumefactive Demyelinating Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis and Associated Disorders

(2016) Meredith C. Frederick et al.   Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports

Deep gray matter atrophy in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and multiple sclerosis

(2016) J.-W. Hyun et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

Spinal Cord Infarction in Clinical Neurology: A Review of Characteristics and Long-Term Prognosis in Comparison to Cerebral Infarction

(2016) Fredrik Romi et al.   EUROPEAN NEUROLOGY

The Central Vein Sign in Multiple Sclerosis Lesions Is Present Irrespective of the T2* Sequence at 3 T

(2016) Amal P. R. Samaraweera et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMAGING

MOG-IgG in NMO and related disorders: a multicenter study of 50 patients. Part 3: Brainstem involvement - frequency, presentation and outcome

(2016) Sven Jarius et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

MOG-IgG in NMO and related disorders: a multicenter study of 50 patients. Part 2: Epidemiology, clinical presentation, radiological and laboratory features, treatment responses, and long-term outcome

(2016) Sven Jarius et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Diagnostic criteria for Susac syndrome

(2016) Ilka Kleffner et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY

Ring-enhancing spinal cord lesions in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

(2016) Nicholas L Zalewski et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY

MRI criteria differentiating asymptomatic PML from new MS lesions during natalizumab pharmacovigilance

(2016) Martijn T Wijburg et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY

Brain lesion distribution criteria distinguish MS from AQP4-antibody NMOSD and MOG-antibody disease

(2016) Maciej Juryńczyk et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY

MRI criteria for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: MAGNIMS consensus guidelines

(2016) Massimo Filippi et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Imaging central veins in brain lesions with 3-T T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging differentiates multiple sclerosis from microangiopathic brain lesions

(2016) Niraj Mistry et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

The central vein sign and its clinical evaluation for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a consensus statement from the North American Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis Cooperative

(2016) Pascal Sati et al.   Nature Reviews Neurology

NMO spectrum disorders: clinical or molecular classification?

(2016) Sean J. Pittock   Nature Reviews Neurology

Gray matter MRI differentiates neuromyelitis optica from multiple sclerosis using random forest

(2016) Arman Eshaghi et al.   NEUROLOGY

Punctate pattern

(2016) Jérôme Hodel et al.   NEUROLOGY

Central canal enhancement and the trident sign in spinal cord sarcoidosis

(2016) Nicholas L. Zalewski et al.   NEUROLOGY

Progressive solitary sclerosis

(2016) B. Mark Keegan et al.   NEUROLOGY

Cortical cerebral microinfarcts on 3T MRI

(2016) Saima Hilal et al.   NEUROLOGY

The contemporary spectrum of multiple sclerosis misdiagnosis

(2016) Andrew J. Solomon et al.   NEUROLOGY

Brain MRI atrophy quantification in MS

(2016) Maria A. Rocca et al.   NEUROLOGY

Cerebral Microbleeds in Multiple Sclerosis Evaluated on Susceptibility-weighted Images and Quantitative Susceptibility Maps: A Case-Control Study

(2016) Robert Zivadinov et al.   RADIOLOGY

Brain histopathology in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: identification of lesions associated with clinical neuropsychiatric lupus syndromes and the role of complement

(2016) Daniëlle Cohen et al.   RHEUMATOLOGY

Advanced Structural and Functional Brain MRI in Multiple Sclerosis

(2016) Antonio Giorgio et al.   SEMINARS IN NEUROLOGY

Risk Factors and Cognitive Relevance of Cortical Cerebral Microinfarcts in Patients With Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack

(2016) Zhaolu Wang et al.   STROKE

Imaging central veins in brain lesions with 3-T T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging differentiates multiple sclerosis from microangiopathic brain lesions

(2016) Niraj Mistry et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Investigation of cerebral microbleeds in multiple sclerosis as a potential marker of blood-brain barrier dysfunction

(2016) Philipp Eisele et al.   Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders

A Clinical Approach to the Differential Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis

(2015) Michel Toledano et al.   Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports

Status of diagnostic approaches to AQP4-IgG seronegative NMO and NMO/MS overlap syndromes

(2015) Maciej Juryńczyk et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

Isolated new onset ‘atypical’ optic neuritis in the NMO clinic: serum antibodies, prognoses and diagnoses at follow-up

(2015) L. Piccolo et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

MRI and retinal abnormalities in isolated optic neuritis with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and aquaporin-4 antibodies: a comparative study: Table 1

(2015) Tetsuya Akaishi et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: current knowledge and open questions

(2015) Israel Steiner et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY

Predictive value of MRI parameters in severity and recovery of first-episode myelitis in aquaporin-4 antibody disease

(2015) Andrew Murchison et al.   JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES

Radiological differentiation of optic neuritis with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies, aquaporin-4 antibodies, and multiple sclerosis

(2015) Sudarshini Ramanathan et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Differentiating neuromyelitis optica from other causes of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis on spinal magnetic resonance imaging

(2015) Yeliz Pekcevik et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

MAGNIMS consensus guidelines on the use of MRI in multiple sclerosis—clinical implementation in the diagnostic process

(2015) Àlex Rovira et al.   Nature Reviews Neurology

Lyme neuroborreliosis—epidemiology, diagnosis and management

(2015) Uwe Koedel et al.   Nature Reviews Neurology

Differential patterns of spinal cord and brain atrophy in NMO and MS

(2015) Y. Liu et al.   NEUROLOGY

International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

(2015) Dean M. Wingerchuk et al.   NEUROLOGY

MRI characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: An international update

(2015) H. J. Kim et al.   NEUROLOGY

Multimodal Quantitative MR Imaging of the Thalamus in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica

(2015) Yaou Liu et al.   RADIOLOGY

Use of Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

(2015) Stephane Kremer et al.   JAMA Neurology

Short Myelitis Lesions in Aquaporin-4-IgG–Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders

(2015) Eoin P. Flanagan et al.   JAMA Neurology

Differentiating neuromyelitis optica from other causes of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis on spinal magnetic resonance imaging

(2015) Yeliz Pekcevik et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Radiological differentiation of optic neuritis with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies, aquaporin-4 antibodies, and multiple sclerosis

(2015) Sudarshini Ramanathan et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Imaging Surrogates of Disease Activity in Neuromyelitis Optica Allow Distinction from Multiple Sclerosis

(2015) Lucy Matthews et al.   PLoS One

Specific pattern of gadolinium enhancement in spondylotic myelopathy

(2014) Eoin P. Flanagan et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Thalamic Lesions: A Radiological Review

(2014) Dimitri Renard et al.   BEHAVIOURAL NEUROLOGY

Adult-onset genetic leukoencephalopathies: A MRI pattern-based approach in a comprehensive study of 154 patients

(2014) Xavier Ayrignac et al.   BRAIN

Spine MR imaging features of subacute combined degeneration patients

(2014) Hye Young Sun et al.   EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL

Overview of neurosarcoidosis: recent advances

(2014) Renata Hebel et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

Overlapping CNS inflammatory diseases: differentiating features of NMO and MS

(2014) Maciej Juryńczyk et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY

MRI pattern in asymptomatic natalizumab-associated PML

(2014) Mike P Wattjes et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY

Clinical and neuroradiological differences of paediatric acute disseminating encephalomyelitis with and without antibodies to the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein

(2014) M. Baumann et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY

Central Pontine Myelinolysis: A Metabolic Disorder of Myelin

(2014) Robin A. Hurley et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES

A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of cardiac, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular disease in multiple sclerosis

(2014) Ruth Ann Marrie et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Antibodies to MOG and AQP4 in adults with neuromyelitis optica and suspected limited forms of the disease

(2014) Romana Höftberger et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

DARS-associated leukoencephalopathy can mimic a steroid-responsive neuroinflammatory disorder

(2014) N. I. Wolf et al.   NEUROLOGY

Distinction between MOG antibody-positive and AQP4 antibody-positive NMO spectrum disorders

(2014) D. K. Sato et al.   NEUROLOGY

Imaging Spectrum of CNS Vasculitis

(2014) Ahmed Abdel Khalek Abdel Razek et al.   RADIOGRAPHICS

Imaging Manifestations of the Leukodystrophies, Inherited Disorders of White Matter

(2014) Edward Yang et al.   RADIOLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA

Migraine, White Matter Hyperintensities, and Subclinical Brain Infarction in a Diverse Community

(2014) Teshamae Monteith et al.   STROKE

MR Imaging Findings in Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Acute Wernicke’s Encephalopathy: A Review

(2014) Gaetana Manzo et al.   Biomed Research International

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders With Aquaporin-4 and Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibodies

(2014) Joanna Kitley et al.   JAMA Neurology

Modifications of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis and brainstem lesions in the course of neuromyelitis optica (NMO): a population-based, descriptive study

(2013) Nasrin Asgari et al.   BMC Neurology

Incident lacunes preferentially localize to the edge of white matter hyperintensities: insights into the pathophysiology of cerebral small vessel disease

(2013) M. Duering et al.   BRAIN

Misdiagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis: Frequency, Causes, Effects, and Prevention

(2013) Andrew J. Solomon et al.   Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports

Distinctive clinical and neuroimaging characteristics of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis associated with aquaporin-4 autoantibodies

(2013) Raffaele Iorio et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

Update on the diagnosis and treatment of neuromyelitis optica: Recommendations of the Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS)

(2013) Corinna Trebst et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

A practical approach to diagnosing adult onset leukodystrophies

(2013) R. M. Ahmed et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY

Punctate lesion pattern suggestive of perivascular inflammation in acute natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: productive JC virus infection or preclinical PML-IRIS manifestation?

(2013) Mike P Wattjes et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY

Mechanisms of sporadic cerebral small vessel disease: insights from neuroimaging

(2013) Joanna M Wardlaw et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease and its contribution to ageing and neurodegeneration

(2013) Joanna M Wardlaw et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

The usefulness of brain MRI at onset in the differentiation of multiple sclerosis and seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

(2013) So-Young Huh et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Prevalence of brain magnetic resonance imaging meeting Barkhof and McDonald criteria for dissemination in space among headache patients

(2013) Syrone Liu et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Limited utility of current MRI criteria for distinguishing multiple sclerosis from common mimickers: primary and secondary CNS vasculitis, lupus and Sjogren’s syndrome

(2013) Susan S Kim et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

The chameleon of neuroinflammation: magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

(2013) Mike P Wattjes et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

“Bright spotty lesions” on spinal magnetic resonance imaging differentiate neuromyelitis optica from multiple sclerosis

(2013) Tadahiro Yonezu et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Characteristics of Susac syndrome: a review of all reported cases

(2013) Jan Dörr et al.   Nature Reviews Neurology

Neuroimaging and clinical features in type II (late-onset) Alexander disease

(2013) J. Graff-Radford et al.   NEUROLOGY

Prevalence and mechanisms of cortical superficial siderosis in cerebral amyloid angiopathy

(2013) A. Charidimou et al.   NEUROLOGY

Distinction of seropositive NMO spectrum disorder and MS brain lesion distribution

(2013) L. Matthews et al.   NEUROLOGY

Migraine and structural changes in the brain: A systematic review and meta-analysis

(2013) A. Bashir et al.   NEUROLOGY

Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis With and Without Aquaporin 4 Antibodies

(2013) Joanna Kitley et al.   JAMA Neurology

Magnetic resonance imaging pattern in natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

(2012) Tarek A. Yousry et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Cortical lesion load associates with progression of disability in multiple sclerosis

(2012) M. Calabrese et al.   BRAIN

Brain white matter hyperintensities in migraine: Clinical and radiological correlates

(2012) Udaya Seneviratne et al.   CLINICAL NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY

Cerebral Microinfarcts: A Systematic Review of Neuropathological Studies

(2012) Manon Brundel et al.   JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM

Patients with migraine do not have MRI-visible cortical lesions

(2012) Martina Absinta et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis followed by recurrent or monophasic optic neuritis in pediatric patients

(2012) Peter Huppke et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

The spatial distribution of age-related white matter changes as a function of vascular risk factors—Results from the LADIS study

(2012) E. Rostrup et al.   NEUROIMAGE

No MRI evidence of cortical lesions in neuromyelitis optica

(2012) M. Calabrese et al.   NEUROLOGY

Neuroimaging in Mitochondrial Disorders

(2012) Andrea L. Gropman   Neurotherapeutics

White Matter Lesion Progression in LADIS

(2012) Reinhold Schmidt et al.   STROKE

Heterogeneity in age-related white matter changes

(2011) Reinhold Schmidt et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 Revisions to the McDonald criteria

(2011) Chris H. Polman et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Stroke and Fabry disease

(2011) Miguel Viana-Baptista   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

Using atypical symptoms and red flags to identify non-demyelinating disease

(2011) Siobhan B Kelly et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY

The differential diagnosis of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis

(2011) JL Kitley et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Pencil-thin ependymal enhancement in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

(2011) Piyush Banker et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

A tract-based diffusion study of cerebral white matter in neuromyelitis optica reveals widespread pathological alterations

(2011) Yaou Liu et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Advanced magnetic resonance imaging of neuromyelitis optica: a multiparametric approach

(2011) A Pichiecchio et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis—it's not all neuromyelitis optica

(2011) Corinna Trebst et al.   Nature Reviews Neurology

Incident lacunes influence cognitive decline: The LADIS study

(2011) H. Jokinen et al.   NEUROLOGY

Neuromyelitis optica unique area postrema lesions: Nausea, vomiting, and pathogenic implications

(2011) B. F. G. Popescu et al.   NEUROLOGY

Consensus recommendations for MS cortical lesion scoring using double inversion recovery MRI

(2011) J. J. G. Geurts et al.   NEUROLOGY

Adult onset leukodystrophy with neuroaxonal spheroids and demyelinating plaque-like lesions

(2011) Elena Martinez-Saez et al.   NEUROPATHOLOGY

Features of Virchow-Robin spaces in newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis patients

(2010) Masoud Etemadifar et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY

Improved in vivo detection of cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis using double inversion recovery MR imaging at 3 Tesla

(2010) Birgit Simon et al.   EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy evaluation in patients with neuromyelitis optica

(2010) J. de Seze et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY

Cerebral small vessel disease: from pathogenesis and clinical characteristics to therapeutic challenges

(2010) Leonardo Pantoni   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Characteristic brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in central nervous system aquaporin-4 autoimmunity

(2010) Woojun Kim et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Vascular comorbidity is associated with more rapid disability progression in multiple sclerosis

(2010) R. A. Marrie et al.   NEUROLOGY

Absence of cortical demyelination in neuromyelitis optica

(2010) B. F. G. Popescu et al.   NEUROLOGY

Correlation of MR Imaging Findings and Clinical Manifestations in Neurosarcoidosis

(2009) R. Shah et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY

“Cloud-like enhancement” is a magnetic resonance imaging abnormality specific to neuromyelitis optica

(2009) Shoichi Ito et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Differential diagnosis of T2 hyperintense spinal cord lesions: Part A

(2009) P Bou-Haidar et al.   Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology

MRI of the spinal cord in neuromyelitis optica and recurrent longitudinal extensive myelitis

(2009) C. Cassinotto et al.   JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY

Myeloneuropathy due to copper deficiency: clinical and MRI findings after copper supplementation

(2009) Laura Bolamperti et al.   NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES

Distinguishing Tumefactive Demyelinating Lesions from Glioma or Central Nervous System Lymphoma: Added Value of Unenhanced CT Compared with Conventional Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging

(2009) Dae Sik Kim et al.   RADIOLOGY

Perivascular spaces--MRI marker of inflammatory activity in the brain?

(2008) J. Wuerfel et al.   BRAIN

Vessel Wall Contrast Enhancement: A Diagnostic Sign of Cerebral Vasculitis

(2008) Wilhelm Küker et al.   CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES

Differential diagnosis of suspected multiple sclerosis: a consensus approach

(2008) DH Miller et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

The diagnosis of MS: White spots and red flags

(2008) J. N. Ratchford et al.   NEUROLOGY

Pathogenesis of Normal-appearing White Matter Damage in Neuromyelitis Optica: Diffusion-Tensor MR Imaging

(2007) Chunshui Yu et al.   RADIOLOGY