Article
Cell Biology
Emily Weyburne, Giovanni Bosco
Summary: The study focused on specific mutations of the CAPH2 subunit in condensin II, which are enriched in human cancer patients. These mutations were found to cause genomic instability by inducing DNA damage, anaphase defects, micronuclei, and chromosomal instability. They also decreased the binding of CAPH2 to other subunits of the condensin II complex and reduced the amount of CAPH2 protein bound to chromatin, potentially impairing condensin II complex formation and activity during mitosis and interphase, leading to genetic heterogeneity in cell populations.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ji Hoon Lee, Juyeong Hong, Zhao Zhang, Barbara de la Pena Avalos, Cecilia J. Proietti, Agustina Roldan Deamicis, Pablo G. Guzman, Hung-Ming Lam, Jose Garcia, Martine P. Roudier, Anthony E. Sisk, Richard De la Rosa, Kevin Vu, Mei Yang, Yiji Liao, Jessica Scheirer, Douglas Pechacek, Pooja Yadav, Manjeet K. Rao, Siyuan Zheng, Teresa L. Johnson-Pais, Robin J. Leach, Patricia Elizalde, Eloise Dray, Kexin Xu
Summary: The role of RNA methylation in cancer, specifically m(6)A, was studied in relation to HMBOX1 mRNA degradation, leading to telomere dysfunction and p53 signaling inactivation, ultimately causing chromosome abnormalities and aggressive phenotypes. Further exploration with CRISPR-based m(6)A-editing tools showed that the methyl groups on HMBOX1 contribute to altered cancer genome generation. The study also found negative correlation between RNA methyltransferase METTL3 expression and telomere length, while HMBOX1 mRNA levels exhibited opposite patterns, suggesting potential rectification of cancer-driving genomic alterations through specific epitranscriptomic programs.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Franklin Mayca Pozo, Xinran Geng, Ilaria Tamagno, Mark W. Jackson, Ernest G. Heimsath, John A. Hammer, Richard E. Cheney, Youwei Zhang
Summary: MYO10 overexpression in tumors increases genomic instability, induces an inflammatory response, and accelerates tumor growth, while depletion of MYO10 reduces genomic instability and inflammation signaling, slowing down tumor progression. MYO10 promotes tumor progression by inducing genomic instability, which creates an immunogenic environment for immune checkpoint blockades.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Deepavali Chakravarti, Rumi Lee, Asha S. Multani, Andrea Santoni, Zachery Keith, Wen-Hao Hsu, Kyle Chang, Laura Reyes, Asif Rashid, Chang-Jiun Wu, Jun Li, Jiexin Zhang, Hong Seok Shim, Krishna Chandra, Pingna Deng, Denise J. Spring, Ole Haagen Nielsen, Lene Buhl Riis, Kavya Kelagere Mayigegowda, Sarah E. Blutt, Jianhua Zhang, Mamoun Younes, Andrew DuPont, Selvi Thirumurthi, Eduardo Vilar, Mary K. Estes, Simona Colla, Noah F. Shroyer, Ronald A. DePinho
Summary: The study explores the role of the ATM/YAP1/pro-IL-18 pathway in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly in older-onset cases. Telomere dysfunction in intestinal epithelium may initiate the inflammatory process in IBD, suggesting new therapeutic interventions for the disease.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Ming Tang, Emma Bolderson, Kenneth J. O'Byrne, Derek J. Richard
Summary: Hypoxia is associated with poor prognosis in cancer due to enhanced tumor malignancy and therapeutic resistance. The aggressiveness of tumors partially stems from hypoxia-induced genomic instability. Understanding how tumor hypoxia induces genomic instability is crucial for improving cancer therapeutics.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stefano Amente, Giovanni Scala, Barbara Majello, Somaiyeh Azmoun, Helen G. Tempest, Sanjay Premi, Marcus S. Cooke
Summary: Exposure from external and internal environments leads to modifications in genomic DNA, contributing to various diseases. Understanding the impact of damage on cellular function and pathogenesis remains unclear, but mapping DNA adductomics may provide valuable insights.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gaelle Pennarun, Julien Picotto, Laure Etourneaud, Anna-Rita Redavid, Anais Certain, Laurent R. Gauthier, Paula Fontanilla-Ramirez, Didier Busso, Caroline Chabance-Okumura, Benoit Theze, Francois D. Boussin, Pascale Bertrand
Summary: Overexpression of lamin B1 disrupts the shelterin complex, leading to telomere instability and aberrations in human cells. This dysregulation is associated with mislocalization of TRF2, and the interaction between lamin B1 and TRF2 at the nuclear periphery may play a role in telomere stability.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Xi Ling, Haonan Cui, Qing Chen, Wang Yang, Peng Zou, Huan Yang, Niya Zhou, Jiuyang Deng, Jinyi Liu, Jia Cao, Lin Ao
Summary: This study investigates the association between sperm telomere length (STL) and sperm nuclear DNA damage and mitochondrial DNA abnormalities. The results show that STL is related to sperm nuclear DNA integrity and mitochondrial DNA abnormalities in healthy young college students.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jana Yasser Hafez Ali, Amira Mohammed Fitieh, Ismail Hassan Ismail
Summary: This review discusses how the dysregulation of DNA repair pathways in multiple myeloma exacerbates genomic instability and chromosomal abnormalities, leading to disease progression and drug resistance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Muhammad Jameel Mughal, Kin Iong Chan, Ravikiran Mahadevappa, Sin Wa Wong, Kit Cheng Wai, Hang Fai Kwok
Summary: The study revealed a significant association between MCM10 and the clinical aggressiveness of breast cancer patients. Overexpression of MCM10 was found to promote breast cancer progression and genomic instability.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Adria Hasan, Suroor Fatima Rizvi, Sana Parveen, Snober S. Mir
Summary: Cells may undergo DNA damage due to various stressors, leading to altered cell function and diseases such as cancer. DNA repair mechanisms play a crucial role in maintaining genome stability, with heat shock proteins (HSPs) being key players in this adaptive response. Modulating protein quality control systems like the HSPs network could be a promising strategy for targeting diseases associated with genomic instability, such as cancer.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Abhik Chakraborty, Souvick Roy, Manoor Prakash Hande, Birendranath Banerjee
Summary: The study aimed to elucidate the genomic instability among couples experiencing unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. It was found that individuals with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss exhibited higher levels of intracellular oxidative stress and basal genomic instability compared to fertile controls. This study highlights the role of genomic instability in cases of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss.
MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Francesca Rossiello, Diana Jurk, Joao F. Passos, Fabrizio D'Adda di Fagagna
Summary: The article reviews the impact of telomere shortening and dysfunction on aging and a variety of age-related diseases in humans. Accumulation of senescent cells in aging organisms is believed to contribute to bodily dysfunction. Telomere shortening and damage are known causes of cellular senescence and aging. The authors argue that telomeric dysfunction plays a broad role in human pathologies associated with normal aging.
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jegadheeswari Venkadakrishnan, Ganesh Lahane, Arti Dhar, Wei Xiao, Krishna Moorthi Bhat, Tej K. Pandita, Audesh Bhat
Summary: DNA damage tolerance (DDT) pathway suppresses replication fork arrest-induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) through translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) and homology-directed DDT mechanisms, with TLS polymerases playing a crucial role. Defects in TLS pathway can lead to various diseases. Apart from their role in DDT pathway, noncanonical functions of TLS polymerases are also important for maintaining genomic stability.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Shihui Guo, Xiao Zhu, Ziyuan Huang, Chuzhong Wei, Jiaao Yu, Lin Zhang, Jinghua Feng, Mingdong Li, Zesong Li
Summary: Genetic instability can be caused by external factors and is related to intracellular damage. Research has shown the connection between genomic stability and tumors, which is a crucial factor in tumor treatment. The mechanisms of genomic stability and tumorigenesis development are complex, but researchers have been making progress in these areas. This review introduces various aspects related to genomic stability, tumor development drivers, characteristics of tumor cells, tumor metastasis, and tumor treatment. Immunotherapy plays a significant role in tumor treatment as it can effectively inhibit tumor spread and eliminate tumor cells. Advances in tumorigenesis development studies and discoveries in tumor metastasis provide new therapeutic techniques that can prevent tumor spread and improve the cure rate of tumors.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Ayaz M. Belkozhayev, Minnatallah Al-Yozbaki, Alex George, Raigul Ye Niyazova, Kamalidin O. Sharipov, Lee J. Byrne, Cornelia M. Wilson
Summary: This review discusses extracellular vesicles (EVs), a form of intercellular communication, with a focus on the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) EVs in the nervous system and their potential therapeutic applications in neuroprotection and treating neurodegenerative diseases.
CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Varsha Hande, Karthik Prathaban, M. Prakash Hande
Summary: The seminar-style educational module on Radiation and Society at Tembusu College, NUS aimed to equip students with analytical tools to assess evidence on nuclear energy and societal perceptions of radiation, with interactive sessions covering topics like historical dimensions, radiation science, and societal impacts. The post-course survey revealed students perceived nuclear energy as safe and reliable but preferred renewable energy, indicating the effectiveness of the sessions in raising awareness.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Shivam Rai, A. R. S. Badarinath, Alex George, Sneha Sitaraman, Sudha Anandt, Anand Moses, Radha Saraswathy, Stephen Charles Bronson, K. Thirumal Babu, M. Prakash Hande
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between telomere shortening and age-related diseases (such as type 2 diabetes and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy) in a south Indian population. The results showed a negative correlation between telomere length and age, diabetes, and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. The study supports the usefulness of telomere length measurements as a marker for age-related diseases.
MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Anirban Goutam Mukherjee, Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari, Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan, Pragya Bradu, Aarthi Sukumar, Megha Patil, Kaviyarasi Renu, Abhijit Dey, Balachandar Vellingiri, Alex George, Raja Ganesan
Summary: This review provides a detailed study on pancreatic cancer and its association with different types of cancer related to diabetes. It discusses the combination of anti-diabetic drugs with other anti-cancer drugs and phytochemicals for the prevention and treatment of the disease. The migration and development of pancreatic cancer stem cells (CSCs) are also discussed. Additionally, it explores the mechanisms of diabetes development that enhance the proliferation of pancreatic CSCs, such as increased IGF factor levels, epigenetic modifications, DNA damage, and lifestyle factors like obesity and inflammation.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Abhik Chakraborty, Souvick Roy, Manoor Prakash Hande, Birendranath Banerjee
Summary: The study aimed to elucidate the genomic instability among couples experiencing unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. It was found that individuals with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss exhibited higher levels of intracellular oxidative stress and basal genomic instability compared to fertile controls. This study highlights the role of genomic instability in cases of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss.
MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS
(2023)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Anirban Goutam Mukherjee, Kaviyarasi Renu, Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan, Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan, Sathishkumar Vinayagam, Soraya Paz-Montelongo, Abhijit Dey, Balachandar Vellingiri, Alex George, Harishkumar Madhyastha, Raja Ganesan
Summary: Heavy metal and metalloid poisoning in the environment and food, such as cadmium, lead, mercury, tin, manganese, aluminium, arsenic, antimony, and selenium, poses a severe threat to human health and ecological system. Accurate detection of even trace quantities of these toxic elements is of utmost importance to understand their risk. Several traditional and advanced technologies, including atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), spectrofluorimetry, inductively coupled plasma spectrometry, e-tongues, electrochemical aptasensors, Raman spectroscopy, and fluorescence sensors, have proven highly beneficial in quantifying these elements in food and dietary supplements.
Review
Immunology
Hafiza Padinharayil, Reema Rose Alappat, Liji Maria Joy, Kavya V. Anilkumar, Cornelia M. Wilson, Alex George, Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan, Harishkumar Madhyastha, Thiyagarajan Ramesh, Ezhaveni Sathiyamoorthi, Jintae Lee, Raja Ganesan
Summary: Despite progress in understanding the progression, risk, immunologic control, and treatment choices of lung cancer, it remains the leading cause of cancer-related death. Lung cancer cells have low and heterogeneous antigenicity, allowing them to evade immune defenses. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a promising therapy, but there is a need for new predictive biomarkers. A multi-parameter analysis of the immune system considering tumor, stroma, and beyond may be a future-oriented predictive marker.
Biographical-Item
Biology
M. Prakash Hande, Hiroo Nakajima
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Tayla Miller, Jianzheng Wu, Shriram Venkatesan, Alejandro Rodriguez Gama, Randal Halfmann
Summary: Protein phase transitions play a significant role in protein function and dysfunction. However, the analysis of specific phase transitions in cells is challenging due to the limited resolution of fluorescence microscopy, especially for proteins involved in age-related neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we developed a flow cytometric assay called Distributed Amphifluoric FRET (DAmFRET) that incorporates a fluorescence proxy to accurately compare the intracellular saturating concentrations of different proteins in single experiments. Furthermore, we observed a decrease in effective cell volume in cells experiencing proteotoxicity, allowing for the assignment of toxicity to specific phases of ectopically expressed proteins.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Hafiza Padinharayil, Vikrant Rai, Alex George
Summary: In cancer therapy, targeting mitochondrial metabolism has become an attractive strategy, especially for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) which is resistant to treatment. Along with other approaches, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) remains a key target. Understanding how pancreatic cancer cells control mitochondrial metabolism and its role in PDAC progression can lead to the development of more effective therapeutics.
Review
Microbiology
Sandra Kannampuzha, Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan, Hafiza Padinharayil, Reema Rose Alappat, Kavya V. V. Anilkumar, Alex George, Abhijit Dey, Balachandar Vellingiri, Harishkumar Madhyastha, Raja Ganesan, Thiyagarajan Ramesh, Rama Jayaraj, D. S. Prabakaran
Summary: Infection with viruses, bacteria, and parasites is responsible for about 8-17% of global cancer burden, with one in every five malignancies being caused by an infectious pathogen. Eleven major pathogens are believed to aid in oncogenesis. It is important to identify potential human carcinogens and understand the pathways they induce to effectively prevent and control pathogen-driven cancers. This review focuses on major onco-pathogens, the types of cancer they cause, and the altered pathways leading to cancer progression.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hafiza Padinharayil, Jinsu Varghese, Mithun Chacko John, Golgodu Krishnamurthy Rajanikant, Cornelia M. Wilson, Minnatallah Al-Yozbaki, Kaviyarasi Renu, Saikat Dewanjee, Rupa Sanyal, Abhijit Dey, Anirban Goutam Mukherjee, Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari, Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan, Alex George
Summary: Continuous revision of the histologic and stage-wise classification of lung cancer by the World Health Organization (WHO) supports therapeutic advances and accurate diagnosis. Cancer epidemiologic data provide helpful information for cancer prevention and management. Global cancer mortality projections indicate that cancer will become the leading cause of death, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) which accounts for a significant portion of lung cancers. Early diagnosis and proper management play crucial roles in NSCLC therapies. Advanced techniques, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and targeted molecular therapies, have improved the treatment of late-stage NSCLC. However, the improvement of cancer biomarkers and the development of prospective studies are needed for better therapeutic outcomes.
Article
Virology
Joe Thomas, Priyanka Rajmohan, Ponnu Jose, Radhika Kannan, Rosmi Jose, Unnikrishnan Uttumadathil Gopinathan, Lucy Raphael, Nithya M. Baiju, Swathi Krishna, Teny Attokaran, A. T. Jubina Bency, Aiswarya Venugopal, Soorya Sheela, Akhila Kallempadam, Lee Jose, Susheela J. Innah, Pulikkottil Raphael Varghese, Alex George
Summary: This study investigates the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines among People Living with HIV (PLHIV) in India and identifies SARS-CoV-2 variants present in COVID-19 cases. The results show that full vaccination with Covishield and Covaxin effectively prevents COVID-19 infection among PLHIV, with higher effectiveness observed when the two vaccine doses are administered within a 4-6 week interval.
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Arun Jyothish, Alex George, Puthucode V. Narayanan, Rajanikant Golgodu Krishnamurthy
Summary: The study investigates the contribution of MSX1 gene polymorphisms to the risk of developing non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP). The results suggest that the c.799 and c.458 polymorphisms of the MSX1 gene are associated with NSCLP and may be considered as genetic risk factors. Additionally, NSCLP females show a stronger association with heterozygous genotypes of c.799 and c.458.
CLEFT PALATE CRANIOFACIAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Environmental Sciences
N. G. Gavin, Thiruma Arumugam, Prakash Hande
ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS
(2022)