Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shuaizhong Zhang, Xinghao Hu, Meng Li, Ugur Bozuyuk, Rongjing Zhang, Eylul Suadiye, Jie Han, Fan Wang, Patrick Onck, Metin Sitti
Summary: Researchers have created wirelessly actuated magnetic artificial cilia at the micrometer scale that are biocompatible and programmable. By programming the orientation of the magnetic microparticles, the cilia can exhibit coordinated metachronal motions, allowing for the generation of versatile microfluidic patterns. This development offers a novel solution for programmable microfluidic systems, biomedical engineering, and biocompatible implants.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Brato Chakrabarti, Sebastian Furthauer, Michael J. Shelley
Summary: The study reveals the formation mechanism of metachronal waves generated by motile cilia under the action of internal molecular motors. The research also highlights the important role of boundaries and inhomogeneities in nonuniform ciliary tissues in promoting metachronal waves.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Timothy A. Westwood, Eric E. Keaveny
Summary: The study focuses on simulating hundreds of interacting active filaments on spherical surfaces, revealing that defects alter filament beating and cause sphere movement once released. This motion feedback to the filaments, resulting in a whirling state with metachronal behavior along the equator.
PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
(2021)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Mubbashar Nazeer, Farooq Hussain, Sadia Iftikhar, Muhammad Ijaz Khan, K. Ramesh, Nasir Shehzad, Afifa Baig, Seifedine Kadry, Yu-Ming Chu
Summary: Peristaltic transport of couple stress fluid with heat transfer is studied in a channel with flexible walls furnished with hair-like structures. The simultaneous propagation of metachronal waves and peristaltic waves is found to be responsible for the locomotion of biological fluids. The study also highlights the resistive behavior of magnetic fields, viscous dissipation, and entropy generation in the two-dimensional rheological flow. Finally, a closed-form solution for the nonlinear coupled differential equation is achieved, showing the potential for efficiently removing mucus from the lungs and bloodstream through the manufacture of a ciliate bronchial tube.
NUMERICAL METHODS FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shiyuan Hu, Jun Zhang, Michael J. Shelley
Summary: In this study, the dynamics of a boundary-driven multi-filament swimmer were investigated. The optimal included angles and elastoviscous numbers were identified, and the swimming performance was significantly enhanced through asymmetric beating patterns induced by biased torques.
Article
Mechanics
Midhun Puthumana Melepattu, Clement de Loubens
Summary: Physiological transport of fluid at small scales is often achieved by microscopic active fingerlike structures that induce non-symmetric flow to break the symmetry of creeping flow. However, symmetric oscillations of these microstructures can also generate irreversible flow on long time scales. Three-dimensional simulations showed that steady streaming flow (SSF) generated by oscillating fingerlike structures can induce mass transfers between the bulk and the periphery, with vortices at the tip of the villi playing a key role. Additionally, secondary vortices outside the steady boundary layer were observed, indicating the complexity of the flow phenomena.
Article
Mechanics
Zeeshan Asghar, Muhammad Waris Saeed Khan, Amjad Ali Pasha, Mustafa Mutiur Rahman, L. Sankaralingam, Mohammad Irfan Alam
Summary: Cilia beating plays a crucial role in influencing bio-fluid flow. In this research, magnetohydrodynamics, Hall effects, and porous medium are integrated to study cilia-driven flow. By utilizing simplified assumptions and MATLAB's bvp5c function, a convergent solution is obtained. The findings suggest that combining a high magnetic field and porous media with Carreau-Yasuda fluid leads to improved performance of pumping equipment compared to viscous liquid. Additionally, the asynchronous motion of cilia-driven flow contributes to enhanced fluid movement in biological organs. It is predicted that this study will make a significant contribution to the advancement of various drug-delivery technologies in biomedical engineering.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Bhargav Rallabandi, Qixuan Wang, Mykhailo Potomkin
Summary: Flagella and cilia are important for locomotion and feeding at the microscale and can be controlled by molecular motors. The beating patterns can be either three-dimensional or planar, depending on the characteristics of the flagella.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sam Peerlinck, Edoardo Milana, Elias De Smet, Michael De Volder, Dominiek Reynaerts, Benjamin Gorissen
Summary: Human ingenuity has developed various methods to manipulate fluids in different applications, but the principles of fluid propulsion change at the microscale. Nature has found a solution in cilia, microscopic active organelles that propel fluids at small dimensions. Mimicking biological cilia remains challenging due to their small size and complexity. This study analyzes artificial cilia technology and compares it to natural cilia to identify the remaining design and manufacturing challenges causing the disparity.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
S. Shaheen, H. Huang, M. B. Arain, A. Al-Zubaidi, Elsayed M. Tag-eldin
Summary: This study investigates the flow characteristics of cilia-induced fluid flow in a horizontal asymmetric channel with different viscosity, density, and thermal conductivity. The findings provide valuable insights for understanding and applying this phenomenon in the field of physiology.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Hina Sadaf, Zeeshan Asghar, Naheeda Iftikhar
Summary: This report presents a comprehensive analysis of the laminar cross fluid model with cilia-driven flow in a horizontal channel, discussing the development, results, and comparisons with peristaltic channels. The study utilizes non-Newtonian rheologies and transforms the equations of momentum and energy into ordinary differential equations. Numerical solutions are obtained using MATLAB's bvp4c technique, and graphical representations of stream function, velocity, pressure rise, and pressure gradient are provided. The proposed model focuses on the transportation of fundamental substances through ductus efferentes, considering the potential chemical reactions. The findings offer valuable insights for understanding the cilia's role in chemical impacts within the human body.
COMPUTATIONAL PARTICLE MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Khurram Javid, Umar F. Alqsair, Mohsan Hassan, M. M. Bhatti, Touqeer Ahmad, Elena Bobescu
Summary: This study numerically investigated the cilia-driven laminar flow of an incompressible viscoelastic fluid in a divergent channel using the BVP4C technique and the non-Newtonian Jeffrey rheological model. The effects of porosity and time relaxation on flow behavior were examined.
BIOMECHANICS AND MODELING IN MECHANOBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Shunichi Kobayashi, Kousuke Sugiyama
Summary: The authors developed a fiber composite viscoelastic fin by adding fibers to a shear thickening fluid (STF) and examined the speed dependency of the fin's rigidity. The fiber-containing fin demonstrated higher propulsion in still water and higher self-propelled equivalent speed in uniform water flow than elastic fins.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Alejandro G. Calvet, Mukul Dave, Jennifer A. Franck
Summary: An unsupervised machine learning strategy has been developed to cluster vortex wakes of bio-inspired propulsors into groups with similar performance metrics. Through simulations of 121 unique kinematics, it was found that the Strouhal number has the strongest influence on thrust coefficient, while the relative angle of attack has the most significant impact on propulsive efficiency. This automated clustering has the potential to identify complex vorticity patterns in wakes and modes of propulsion that may not be easily discerned using traditional classification methods.
BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Abdou Al-Zubaidi, Mubbashar Nazeer, Khadija Khalid, Sidra Yaseen, Salman Saleem, Farooq Hussain
Summary: This paper investigates heat and mass transfer analyses for Newtonian, Pseudo-plastic, and Dilatant fluids through a horizontal inclined channel with the motion of cilia. The study uses a perturbation method to analyze the behavior of velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles for all three types of fluids.
ADVANCES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Zafar H. Khan, Waqar A. Khan, Muhammad Qasim, Min Du
Summary: A computational analysis was conducted to study double-diffusive natural convection in a right-angle trapezoidal cavity packed with a porous medium. The impact of buoyancy parameter on temperature and concentration distribution was investigated. Both Lewis number and Rayleigh number affect heat transfer and concentration transport.
MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Shafiq Ahmad, Zafar H. Khan, Salman Zeb, Muhammad Hamid
Summary: This study examined the effects of boundary layer flow and heat transport of a two-dimensional incompressible magnetohydrodynamic tangent hyperbolic fluid under slip boundary conditions and variable thermal conductivity. Non-similarity transformations were used to transform the governing equations into dimensionless form, and Maple software was employed for numerical solutions. The study found that various dimensionless parameters significantly affect the entropy generation rate, Bejan number, velocity, and temperature fields.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART E-JOURNAL OF PROCESS MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Salman Ahmad, Z. H. Khan
Summary: This study investigates the effects of various parameters on the time-dependent flow of micropolar fluid between parallel permeable plates. The results show that the velocity increases with the Hartmann number when the electric field parameter is nonzero. On the other hand, the velocity decreases with the Hartmann number when the electric field parameter is zero. The temperature increases with both electric and magnetic field parameters. The micro-rotation decreases with the micro-rotation material parameter and increases with time.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Noreen Sher Akbar, Salman Akhtar, Ehnber N. Maraj, Ali E. Anqi, Raad Z. Homod
Summary: This investigation focuses on explaining the heat transfer and entropy generation of Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) viscous fluid flowing through a ciliated tube. Heat transfer study is of great significance in various biomedical and biological industry problems. The metachronal wave propagation is identified as the main cause of the viscous creeping flow. A low Reynolds number is employed to account for the weaker inertial forces and to satisfy the creeping flow limitations. A large wavelength of the metachronal wave is considered for the cilia movement. Entropy generation is used to analyze the heat transfer through the flow. Numerical solutions are obtained using MATHEMATICA, and exact mathematical solutions are calculated and analyzed with graphs. Streamlines are also plotted, revealing an axially symmetric flow and temperature profile. Both velocity and temperature profiles reach their maximum values in the center of the ciliated tube and decrease towards the boundaries.
MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Javaria Akram, Noreen Sher Akbar
Summary: This study examines the fluid flow characteristics and heat transfer of nanoparticle-enhanced drilling muds in theoretical terms. It reveals that applying an electric field increases the velocity profile and decreases the temperature profile. Additionally, the nanoparticle volume fraction affects the fluid velocity and thermal conductivity.
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF NATURAL PHENOMENA
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Javaria Akram, Noreen Sher Akbar, Monairah Alansari, Dharmendra Tripathi
Summary: This study focuses on the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of 10 W40-based titanium dioxide nanofluid subject to electroosmotic forces and peristaltic propulsion in a curved microchannel. The unique aspect of this study is the inclusion of variable thermophoretic and diffusion parameters in the modified Buongiorno model. The results indicate that maintaining a larger temperature difference strengthens buoyancy forces and facilitates fluid motion, but also leads to a decrease in the Nusselt number. It is also found that the temperature of the nanofluid decreases for a larger curvature parameter, corresponding to a less curved channel. Additionally, the electroosmotic flow parameters have a progressive impact on velocity and convective heat transfer.
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Javaria Akram, Noreen Sher Akbar, Dharmendra Tripathi
Summary: This article discusses the mathematical modeling of electroosmotically boosted peristaltic propulsion of water based silver nanofluid through an asymmetric channel. The study compares the predictions of nanofluid properties made by the modified Buongiorno model and a combination of the traditional Tiwari-Das model and the Corcione model. The results show that the modified Buongiorno model is more accurate in predicting nanofluid properties and that temperature difference has a significant impact on the Nusselt number.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Noreen Sher Akbar, E. N. Maraj, N. F. M. Noor, Muhammad Bilal Habib
Summary: This study analyzes the impact of temperature-dependent nanofluid viscosity on peristaltic transport and demonstrates the effects of carbon nanotubes on temperature, velocity, thermal conductivity, and pressure gradient using numerical and graphical methods. Key findings include lower pressure gradient and higher axial velocity in SWCNT nanofluids compared to MWCNT ones, and the improvement of transverse velocity in MWCNT nanofluids with higher viscosity. This study is of importance for medical applications in peristaltic pumping and pharmacological engineering.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Noreen Sher Akbar, Fouad Othman Mallawi
Summary: In this study, the slip velocity of a non-Newtonian nanofluid flowing above a stretching surface with double-diffusion effects is examined. The initial partial differential equations are transformed into dimensionless form, and comparison variables are introduced to reduce them into ordinary differential equations. The reduced ordinary differential equations are then solved numerically using the shooting method. A comprehensive parametric study is conducted to investigate the effects of different parameters on the velocity, temperature, salt concentration distribution, local Nusselt number, and Sherwood number in both assisting and opposing flow cases.
FRONTIERS IN MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zheng Jun Song, Zafar Hayat Khan, Rashid Ahmad, Waqar Ahmad Khan, Yangjiang Wei
Summary: This study conducted a water-based nanofluid analysis on the flow of a ferromagnetic fluid in a channel with a dimpled cavity. The adiabatic horizontal flat walls were assumed, while the dimpled part and the inner rectangular finned-shaped obstacle were heated. The system of partial differential equations (PDEs) along with boundary conditions were solved using the Galerkin Weighted Residual Finite Element Method. Simulations were performed for various Reynold and Hartmann numbers to predict the streamlines, isotherms, local, and average Nusselt numbers. Higher Reynolds numbers led to a significant improvement in heat transfer at the dimpled surface. It is believed that this investigation could provide a basis for finding experimental results for the mixed convection of ferromagnetic nanofluid problem over a dimpled cavity.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Zafar Hayat Khan, Noreen Sher Akbar, Javaria Akram, Muhammad Hamid, Yangjiang Wei
Summary: This paper numerically investigates the electroosmotically augmented peristaltic pumping of electrically conducting aqueous ionic nanofluid through an inclined asymmetric channel. The behavior of the model for various parameters is expressed through graphs. The velocity profile significantly increases for Joule heating and electroosmotic velocity parameters. The velocity drops for the Hartmann number, and a dual behavior is observed for the thermal Grashof number. The streamline pattern for the fluid flow subject to different values of the electroosmotic velocity parameter reflects distinct circulation patterns.
ZAMM-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE MATHEMATIK UND MECHANIK
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Noreen Sher Akbar, A. Al-Zubaidi, S. Saleem, Shami A. M. Alsallami
Summary: This article focuses on the viscous flow of cu-water/Methanol suspended nanofluids on a three-dimensional stretching sheet reformed by magnetohydrodynamic phenomenon. A new model for 3D analysis of cu-water/Methanol nanofluid with an irregular viscosity is presented. The results show good agreement with the existing model and can be applied in nanotechnology for manipulating and designing surfaces.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zafar Hayat Khan, Waqar A. Khan, Zhiquan Yang, Muhamad Hamid, Muhammad Qasim
Summary: In this study, the mixed convection flow in a channel with a dimpled section and an adiabatic cylindrical obstacle under the influence of a magnetic field was investigated. The numerical results showed that increasing Hartmann and Joule heating parameters reduce average heat transfer rates while increasing Prandtl, Reynolds, and Rayleigh numbers enhances it. The findings of this study are important for the design of Ohmic heating systems like magnetic fluid power actuators and thermal processing gadgets for particulate food products.
RESULTS IN PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Muhammad Hamid, Zafar Hayat Khan, Waqar Ahmad Khan, Zhenfu Tian
Summary: This study numerically investigates the natural convection inside curvilinear geometries with electrically conductive fluids and multidirectional magnetic fields. The results show that the presence of a magnetic field and heated or cold obstacles significantly affect the flow and heat transfer characteristics. This research is of great importance for optimizing the design of trapezoidal cavities and various industrial applications.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Zafar H. Khan, Oluwole D. Makinde, Muhammad Usman, Rashid Ahmad, Waqar A. Khan, Zaitang Huang
Summary: This study focuses on investigating the flow characteristics of MHD CH3OH-Fe3O4 nanofluid over a permeable vertical plate by utilizing fractional-order derivatives. The effects of key parameters on the flow field are revealed through mathematical modeling and numerical analysis methods, providing velocity, temperature, and important physical quantity profiles. Comparison with previous studies validates the accuracy of the model.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
