Article
Veterinary Sciences
Louisa Sroka, Clara Muller, Marie-Lena Hass, Anja These, Sabine Aboling, Ingrid Vervuert
Summary: This study investigated horses' intake and rejection behavior towards Senecio jacobaea when fed hay ad libitum. The results showed that horses cannot avoid consuming hay contaminated with Senecio jacobaea even when provided with ad libitum hay. Due to the risk of chronic intoxication, feeding hay contaminated with Senecio jacobaea should be avoided, and pastures with Senecio jacobaea growth are considered unsuitable for feed production.
BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Julian Taenzer, Matthias Gehling, Fenja Klevenhusen, Janine Saltzmann, Sven Daenicke, Anja These
Summary: The metabolism of Senecio pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and their N-oxide forms in the rumen was studied using mass spectrometry. Most N-oxides were rapidly converted to free bases and further transformed into hydrogenated metabolites. This rumen metabolism can be considered a detoxification step. Some PAs were metabolized slowly in the rumen, and this limited transformation was also observed in the liver in other studies.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aikebaier Jumai, Ruxianguli Rouzimaimaiti, Guo-An Zou, Haji Akber Aisa
Summary: Four undescribed pyrrolizidine alkaloids and two enantiomeric pairs of unusual alkaloids were isolated from whole plant extracts of Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn. The structures were determined through spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction analysis, with some confirmed by comparison of theoretical and experimental data. These compounds exhibit unique structural features and possess rare natural moieties.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Korinna Huber, Janine Saltzmann, Sven Daenicke
Summary: This study examined the dose-dependent effects of plant-derived pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) on midlactation dairy cows. The results revealed changes in metabolic pathways, particularly those related to energy metabolism and amino acid utilization, in liver tissue, plasma, and milk samples. These findings have important implications for the health of dairy cows and milk quality.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Begona Fernandez-Pintor, Natalia Casado, Sonia Morante-Zarcero, Isabel Sierra
Summary: Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) have attracted attention in food safety due to their potential health risk. Tea and herbal tea, as they can be contaminated with PAs-producing weeds, have been particularly highlighted. This study simulated the cross-contamination of chamomile tea samples with weeds to evaluate the effect of brewing on PA content. The results showed that PAs are stable compounds and the initial PA concentration strongly affects their thermal stability. Not all PAs are effectively transferred from dry material to the infusion during brewing, and the extraction efficiency may be influenced by the type of weed. The study emphasizes the importance of analyzing infusion samples to correctly assess the risk exposure of consumers to PAs.
Article
Plant Sciences
Jurgen Muller, Denny Wiedow, Mohammad Said Chmit, Till Beuerle
Summary: The optional utilization of fresh and ensiled common ragwort biomasses was investigated, and it was found that ensiling reduced toxic content and produced methane. However, ragwort biomass has limited energy potential and requires further processing to reduce toxic content.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Manoel Miranda Neto, Ana Carolina Freitas Meireles, Maristela Alves Alcantara, Angela Maria Tribuzy de Magalhaes Cordeiro, Alexandre Sergio Silva
Summary: This study demonstrates that peppermint essential oil can improve the physical performance of runners in endurance running, increasing the time to exhaustion without affecting body temperature, thermal sensation, thermal comfort, or hydration status.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Pavel Kalac, Florian Kaltner
Summary: Species of Senecio and Jacobaea genera, such as tansy ragwort and marsh ragwort, have become weeds in Western and Central Europe. These plants contain toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids that pose a threat to livestock, particularly horses. Ruminants are more resistant due to partial detoxification in the rumen, but there is still concern about carry-over of these toxins into milk.
ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Manizheh Sarikhani, Mahla Deylam, Effat Alizadeh, Marzie Hejazy, Saeideh Alizadeh-Salteh, Hassan Moeini, Masoumeh Firouzamandi
Summary: The study found that extracts from peppermint and Shirazi thyme can promote anti-aging effects in rat mesenchymal stem cells, including anti-apoptosis and increased expression of the anti-aging related gene Nanog.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Jian Li, Jie Xu, Xinping Yang, Lili Ren, Yi Wang, Di Ma, Ping Fan, Haifeng Wang, Longxiang Liu, Bin Dong, Qingfeng Chen, Tao Wu
Summary: This study investigates the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the chemical composition of essential oils and metabolic responses within aromatic plants. The results suggest that PAH stress has little effect on the primary characteristics of peppermint essential oils, but it does induce dynamic changes in metabolic pathways within peppermint leaves. The findings provide new insights into the responses of aromatic plants toward PAH stress and have implications for the phytoremediation of PAH-contaminated soils.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Susanne Ohlsen, Martin Ganter, Peter Wohlsein, Bernd Reckels, Aiko Huckauf, Nikola Lenzewski, Sabine Aboling
Summary: Common ragwort is a weed that contains toxic substances harmful to livestock. Sheep have been found to have some resistance to the toxins, but it is unclear how they cope with ragwort in the field. This study shows that sheep voluntarily consume large amounts of ragwort, but it has minimal impact on their health.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Susanne Ohlsen, Martin Ganter, Peter Wohlsein, Bernd Reckels, Aiko Huckauf, Nikola Lenzewski, Sabine Aboling
Summary: This study found that sheep have a preference for and can tolerate common ragwort. The amount of ragwort ingested by sheep is positively correlated with its biomass and sugar content. Despite the doubling of the number of ragwort flowers, the proportion of ragwort in the sheep's diet significantly decreased in the second year, with an increase in the biomass of other herbs. Sheep grazing on ragwort could be a potential option for controlling ragwort from both an animal health and a nature conservation perspective.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Izabela Fecka, Katarzyna Bednarska, Adam Kowalczyk
Summary: The most significant reactive alpha-dicarbonyl RCS involved in glycation and related diseases is methylglyoxal (MGO). MGO generation is promoted by hyperglycemia, leading to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Peppermint leaf extract and its polyphenols have been shown to inhibit glycation and form adducts with MGO, making them potential therapeutic targets for prediabetes, diabetes, and hyperglycemic complications.
Review
Toxicology
Khojasteh Malekmohammad, Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei, Samira Sardari, Robert D. E. Sewell
Summary: Peppermint, commonly used as a medicinal plant and flavoring agent, has moderate toxicity. It is contraindicated in patients with bile duct obstruction or gall bladder inflammation, and caution should be exercised in patients with gastrointestinal reflux or hiatus hernia.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Filip Strbac, Slobodan Krnjajic, Dragica Stojanovic, Radomir Ratajac, Natasa Simin, Dejan Orcic, Laura Rinaldi, Elena Ciccone, Maria Paola Maurelli, Giuseppe Cringoli, Antonio Bosco
Summary: Nowadays, the exclusive use of commercial anthelmintics for the treatment of gastrointestinal nematode infections in ruminants is less sustainable due to resistance and drug residues. This study evaluated the potential of using peppermint essential oil in controlling nematodes in sheep. The results showed that the oil had ovicidal activity and reduced nematode eggs in feces without any observed toxic effects on the hosts. The complex chemical composition of the oil, along with its natural origin, makes it a promising alternative for nematode control in sheep.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Larissa E. Pferdmenges, Annett Schroeter, Regina Lohmayer, Lisa Striegel, Michael Rychlik, Alexandra Mueller, Ann-Katrin Meinhardt, Bernhard Trierweiler, Bernd M. Hartmann, Lara Frommherz
Summary: This study revealed significant differences in nutrient composition among different German beer styles, providing an improved basis for understanding the nutritional value of beer. The new data showed higher daily nutrient recommendation percentages for niacin, vitamin B6, and folate, but lower values for alcohol and elements like copper and iodine for the average beer consumer. These findings demonstrate the importance of updated data for future studies on nutritional value calculation in beer consumption.
JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Anne-Margarethe Enge, Florian Kaltner, Christoph Gottschalk, Angelina Kin, Michael Kirstgen, Joachim Geyer, Anja These, Helen Hammer, Oliver Poetz, Albert Braeuning, Stefanie Hessel-Pras
Summary: This study investigates the transporter-mediated uptake of PAs and its implications in PA toxicity, finding that treatment with PAs affects transporter expression levels in HepaRG cells. Knockdown of the two uptake transporters results in reduced PA uptake and attenuated cytotoxic effects of PAs in a time-dependent manner. The results confirm the importance of toxicokinetic studies for the risk assessment of PAs.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Felix Hoheneder, Eva Maria Biehl, Katharina Hofer, Johannes Petermeier, Jennifer Groth, Markus Herz, Michael Rychlik, Michael Hess, Ralph Hueckelhoven
Summary: The epidemiology of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) in spring barley was assessed in this study. Soil and spray inoculation were used to increase disease pressure and provoke genotypic differentiation. The evaluation of stable quantitative FHB resistance in barley genotypes was achieved through the quantification of fungal DNA contents and multiple Fusarium toxins. The study also identified the impact of weather conditions on fungal colonization in mature barley grain.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Maria Z. Tsimidou, Stella A. Ordoudi, Fani Th Mantzouridou, Nikolaos Nenadis, Tamara Stelzl, Michael Rychlik, Nastasia Belc, Claudia Zoani
Summary: The pan-European distributed research infrastructure for promoting metrology in food and nutrition, known as METROFOOD-RI, aims to provide high-quality metrology services across the food chain. It includes physical and electronic facilities and is currently preparing to apply for ERIC legal status. METROFOOD-RI partners have identified key thematic areas and strategic priorities to contribute to global societal challenges and emergencies.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Florian Kaltner
Summary: Toxic plant alkaloids (TPAs) found in food may be affected by storing or processing, leading to decreased levels of the parent alkaloids. However, little is known about potential transformation products and their toxic potential. This perspective summarizes the current knowledge on the behavior of opium, pyrrolizidine, and tropane alkaloids during processing or storing, and highlights analytical strategies to identify and elucidate potential transformation products.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Mycology
Sophie Scheibenzuber, Fabian Dick, Marina Brettraeger, Martina Gastl, Stefan Asam, Michael Rychlik
Summary: A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) multi-mycotoxin method was developed for the analysis of multiple Alternaria toxins in barley and malt. The method employed stable isotope dilution analysis and matrix-matched calibration for quantitation. The study revealed the potential formation of mycotoxins during the malting process.
MYCOTOXIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lance Buckett, Sabrina Schoenberger, Veronika Spindler, Nadine Sus, Christian Schoergenhofer, Jan Frank, Oliver Frank, Michael Rychlik
Summary: This study presents a synthetic approach to obtain reference standards for the identification of human xanthohumol metabolites. The metabolites were analyzed using qTOF LC-MS/MS, and some were matched to a human blood sample. Isomers of the reference standards were also identified. The methods used in this study unequivocally identified the metabolites of xanthohumol in the blood circulatory system.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julia Buchmueller, Florian Kaltner, Christoph Gottschalk, Maria Maares, Albert Braeuning, Stefanie Hessel-Pras
Summary: This study aims to elucidate the toxicokinetic parameters of PAs, including their uptake and metabolism, using in vitro models. The results show that PAs pass through the intestinal barrier and reach the liver, where they are metabolized into reactive metabolites that interact with nucleophilic centers. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular processes underlying the observed effects of PAs in vivo.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Lisa Monika Klein, Angelika Miriam Gabler, Michael Rychlik, Christoph Gottschalk, Florian Kaltner
Summary: This study developed a sensitive analytical approach for simultaneous detection and quantification of unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids, their corresponding N-oxides, and tropane alkaloids in milk of dairy cows. The method showed low limits of detection and quantification, good recovery rates and repeatability. Traces of pyrrolizidine alkaloids were detected in three milk samples obtained from milk vending stations and local marketers in Bavaria, Germany.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Correction
Biochemical Research Methods
Lisa Monika Klein, Angelika Miriam Gabler, Michael Rychlik, Christoph Gottschalk, Florian Kaltner
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Sabir Khan, Ademar Wong, Michael Rychlik, Maria del Pilar Taboada Sotomayor
Summary: This study developed a novel voltammetric sensor for the quantitation of folate in foodstuffs. The sensor, made from magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs), showed high sensitivity and selectivity. The sensor successfully detected folate in different food samples with high recovery percentages. The results demonstrated the efficiency and reliability of the biomimetic sensor for folate determination in real food samples.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Marina Brettraeger, Sophie Scheibenzuber, Stefan Asam, Michael Rychlik, Martina Gastl, Thomas Becker
Summary: Brewing experiments were conducted to assess the impact of black-colored grain on Alternaria mycotoxin concentrations throughout the brewing process. The concentrations of 13 different Alternaria mycotoxins were analyzed in each step using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the toxin concentrations were balanced over the entire process. The results showed that TeA was the only toxin to migrate into the final beer, while other toxins were mainly found in the spent grains. This study suggests that optical sorting of malt batches can be a useful tool for preventing elevated mycotoxin concentrations in the malting and brewing industry.
EUROPEAN FOOD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Leopold Weidner, Daniel Hemmler, Michael Rychlik, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
Summary: We developed DBDIpy, a Python library for processing and analyzing untargeted, time-sensitive plasma ionization MS datasets. It is capable of identifying in-source fragments and rivaling ionization pathways of the same analytes in time-sensitive datasets. DBDIpy also includes basic functions for processing untargeted metabolomics data and interfaces to existing tools for MS data analysis in Python.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yvonne Methner, Nadine Weber, Oliver Kunz, Martin Zarnkow, Michael Rychlik, Mathias Hutzler, Fritz Jacob
Summary: Nonalcoholic beers are gaining popularity due to increasing consumer awareness of healthier lifestyles. These beers, produced using non-Saccharomyces yeasts, offer a diverse range of flavors. This study found that nonalcoholic beers contain significant amounts of B vitamins, making them a potential dietary supplement.
FEMS YEAST RESEARCH
(2022)