Article
Engineering, Environmental
Honggang Fan, Jing Gu, Yazhuo Wang, Haoran Yuan, Yong Chen, Bo Luo
Summary: The study found that potassium has a significant impact on the pyrolysis of biomass components, including accelerating the start of pyrolysis, affecting weight loss rates, and altering product distribution.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jianjun Xiao, Minjiao Yang, Qingfeng Che, Yingquan Chen, Xu Chen, Haiping Yang, Pietro Bartocci, Francesco Fantozzi, Hanping Chen
Summary: The study investigated the impact of potassium in biomass on the catalytic activity of ZSM-5 zeolite in fast pyrolysis, revealing that K2CO3 and KAc had a greater influence on the physicochemical properties of ZSM-5 compared to KCl and KOH. Among the potassium sources tested, K2CO3 had the greatest effect on ZSM-5 properties.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yujie Peng, Leilei Dai, Anqi Dai, Qiuhao Wu, Rongge Zou, Yuhuan Liu, Roger Ruan, Yunpu Wang
Summary: The quick and harmless disposal of PVC-containing municipal solid wastes and their conversion into valuable resources is an urgent issue. This study found that different catalysts with varying pore structures and acid site concentrations have different catalytic effects on the cracking mechanism of PVC. MCM-41 showed higher catalytic activity in PVC polymer degradation.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Naif Raja, Gloria M. Monsalve-Bravo, Yusuf Valentino Kaneti, Jim Mensah, Karen Wilson, Adam F. Lee, Muxina Konarova
Summary: Thermal pyrolysis of organic components in municipal solid waste (MSW) offers a scalable route to liquid fuels, but requires deep insight into thermochemistry and kinetics. This study investigates the (catalytic) pyrolysis of a model MSW feedstock using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and kinetic modeling. Catalytic pyrolysis is sensitive to the catalyst:feedstock mass ratio, and selecting the appropriate heating rate is crucial for catalyst selection and process optimization.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Roberto Palos, Elena Rodriguez, Alazne Gutierrez, Javier Bilbao, Jose M. Arandes
Summary: The study has calculated the parameters of a 6-lump kinetic model for catalytic cracking of tire pyrolysis oil in industrial fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) conditions. The results show that heavy cycle oil (HCO) plays a significant role in conversion levels below 80%, while light cycle oil (LCO) and naphtha over-crack at higher conversion levels, leading to increased yields of LPG, dry gas, and coke.
Article
Thermodynamics
Thomas Rafael de Oliveira, Katia Tannous, Elisangela Cristina Trevisan de Lima
Summary: This study investigated the thermal decomposition and reaction kinetics of hybrid energy cane, finding that its thermochemical properties were similar to native energy canes and sugarcane residues. Through thermogravimetric analysis and mathematical models, important parameters such as activation energies, reaction orders, and compositions for pyrolysis were determined. The Independent Parallel Reactions Scheme showed better agreement with experimental data in simulating conversions and conversion rates.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Feng Du, Mengyu Wang, Libin Wang, Yushan Li, Yuangao Wang, Wenan Deng, Wenjuan Yan, Xin Jin
Summary: This study investigates the catalytic conversion of waste polyoxymethylene plastics into renewable and value-added chemicals. The researchers propose a two-step mechanism involving depolymerization and nucleophilic attack to convert the plastics into valuable oxygenates. The findings provide important information for the rational design of industrial processes.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Saartjie M. Gouws, Marion Carrier, John R. Bunt, Hein W. J. P. Neomagus
Summary: Accurate prediction of the yield and composition of pyrolysis products is crucial for the design and operation of pyrolysis reactors and gasifiers. A new semi-global kinetic reaction scheme was proposed in this study to predict the composition of pyrolytic volatiles from raw and torrefied biomass. The model showed satisfactory results in predicting product distribution trends for changes in lignocellulosic composition, heating rate, and pressure.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Weiqi Ji, Franz Richter, Michael J. Gollner, Sili Deng
Summary: This study proposes a framework for autonomously discovering biomass pyrolysis kinetic models from experimental data using chemical reaction neural networks and neural ordinary differential equations. The learned model is interpretable and can be translated into classical forms, facilitating chemical insights and integration into fire simulations. This research is of significant importance for predicting and modeling fire behavior.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yu Zhong, Yanming Ding, Gonghua Jiang, Kaihua Lu, Changhai Li
Summary: The prediction of biomass pyrolysis behavior has attracted significant attention, and inverse modeling based on a specific kinetic scheme is the main predictive tool. However, due to the complex reaction mechanism involved, researchers are exploring the appropriate kinetic scheme for biomass pyrolysis. Artificial neural networks, including the uncommon Elman neural network, are being applied to prediction based on unknown kinetic schemes. Through optimization of the neural network structure and training methods, these neural networks exhibit superior prediction ability, especially in the shoulder and peak regions of mass loss rate curves.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Frederico G. Fonseca, Ana P. Soares Dias
Summary: This study investigated the potential of almond shells as a biomass for catalytic pyrolysis bio-oil, and found that the use of catalysts can significantly increase the bio-oil yield and quality. Cenospheres, waste streams from coal power plants, showed great promise as low-cost catalysts for biomass pyrolysis processes.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Muhammad Sajjad Ahmad, Jiri Jaromir Klemes, Hesham Alhumade, Ali Elkamel, Abid Mahmood, Boxiong Shen, Muhammad Ibrahim, Ahmad Mukhtar, Sidra Saqib, Saira Asif, Awais Bokhari
Summary: The study evaluated the feasibility of using Maple Leaf Waste (MLW) to produce biofuel-bioenergy and chemicals for the first time. By analyzing different degradation stages and temperatures, it was determined that the pyrolysis temperature range for maximum bioenergy production is from 200 degrees C to 430 degrees C. The findings show that MLW has significant potential for bioenergy production and is suitable for co-pyrolysis with other waste and biomass feedstock.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Maria Alejandra Suarez Useche, York Castillo Santiago, Juan B. Restrepo, Alberto Ricardo Albis Arrieta, Karen Patricia Agamez Salgado
Summary: This study assessed the effect of zinc sulfate as a catalyst on the pyrolysis of empty fruit bunches from oil palm. The results showed that zinc sulfate catalyst can increase the activation energy of cellulose and hemicellulose pyrolysis.
Article
Energy & Fuels
David C. Dayton, Ofei D. Mante, Joseph Weiner
Summary: The pilot-scale biomass catalytic pyrolysis unit investigated the effects of process parameters on biocrude yield, oxygen content, and chemical composition. Biocrude yield decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperature, while biocrude oxygen content decreased.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Christian Baekhoj Schandel, Martin Hoj, Christian Marup Osmundsen, Matthias Josef Beier, Esben Taarning, Anker Degn Jensen
Summary: Researchers investigated the cracking of sugars in a fluidized bed using experiments and a kinetic model. The temperature was identified as a crucial factor influencing glycolaldehyde production, although the model overpredicted the yield for all sugars.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Valentina Gargiulo, Ana Isabel Ferreiro, Paola Giudicianni, Simona Tomaselli, Mario Costa, Raffaele Ragucci, Michela Alfe
Summary: This study investigates the impact of structural features of xylose-based hemicelluloses on pyrolysis products distribution, finding that the chain branching degree has a greater effect on the pyrolytic behavior of xylose-based hemicelluloses, while the liquid composition of different hemicelluloses shows some variations.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Million M. Afessa, Paulo Debiagi, Ana Isabel Ferreiro, Miguel A. A. Mendes, Tiziano Faravelli, A. Venkata Ramayya
Summary: This study investigates the pyrolysis characteristics of khat stem and coffee husk in Ethiopia and proposes the utilization of these residues for local sustainable economies and environmental issue solutions. The pyrolysis kinetic parameters are estimated using different model-free approaches, and empirical models are developed for comparison and error analysis. The CRECK-S-B model shows good agreement with experimental data and accurately predicts the composition and distribution of pyrolysis products. The findings highlight the potential of these residues and provide insights for waste management and resource utilization.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Giovanni Battista Ariemma, Giancarlo Sorrentino, Raffaele Ragucci, Mara de Joannon, Pino Sabia
Summary: Ammonia is considered a valuable energy vector in the shift towards Renewable Energy Sources. This study investigates the combustion characteristics of ammonia/methane blends under MILD Combustion conditions, revealing that the use of blends expands the operational range of the system but leads to higher NOx emissions.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Pino Sabia, Maria Virginia Manna, Giovanni Battista Ariemma, Giancarlo Sorrentino, Raffaele Ragucci, Mara de Joannon
Summary: In many numerical scientific papers, MILD combustion is defined as the disappearance of extinction phenomena while varying mixture dilution levels. However, the operating conditions used to achieve this circumstance do not match experimental evidences. Simulations in an adiabatic CSTR for CH4/O-2/N-2 mixtures show different hysteresis behaviors, indicating that the condition Text =Tign is not a strict constraint for MILD combustion systems.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Maria Virginia Manna, Pino Sabia, Krishna P. Shrestha, Lars Seidel, Raffaele Ragucci, Fabian Mauss, Mara de Joannon
Summary: The present work provides new insight into the NH3-NO interaction under low-temperature conditions. Experimental investigation was conducted on the oxidation process of neat NH3 and NH3 doped with NO in a Jet Stirred Flow Reactor. A detailed kinetic model was developed to capture the reaction kinetics and species profiles. The role of ammonia as a third-body species and NH2 recombination reactions were found to be essential for predicting the formation of NO and H2.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Giovanni Battista Ariemma, Giancarlo Sorrentino, Pino Sabia, Raffaele Ragucci, Mara de Joannon
Summary: This study analyzes the sustainability and combustion performance of binary mixtures of ammonia and low-molecular-weight alcohols in a cyclonic burner and compares them with ammonia/methane blends. The results show that NH3/alcohols mixtures ensure a stable oxidation process in a wide range of operational parameters and exhibit a significant reduction of NOx emissions compared to NH3/methane blends.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Giovanni Battista Ariemma, Giancarlo Sorrentino, Mara de Joannon, Pino Sabia, Antonio Albano, Raffaele Ragucci
Summary: Sustainable thermochemical conversion processes require new monitoring and control strategies based on suitable diagnostics methodologies. This involves rethinking combustion diagnostics strategies and utilizing a large number of strategically distributed sensors in the combustion chamber for innovative diagnostics.
Article
Thermodynamics
Lorenzo Giuntini, Lorenzo Frascino, Giovanni Battista Ariemma, Giancarlo Sorrentino, Chiara Galletti, Raffaele Ragucci
Summary: The study focuses on the combustion of alternative renewable fuels, particularly ammonia, in a Laboratory Unit CYclonic (LUCY) burner, which operates under MILD combustion conditions. Experimental data is compared with numerical simulations using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques to analyze the suitability of existing sub-models. Sensitivity analysis is carried out for turbulence closure models and combustion models, incorporating seven different kinetic schemes.
COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Lorenzo Giuntini, Lorenzo Frascino, Giovanni Battista Ariemma, Chiara Galletti, Giancarlo Sorrentino, Raffaele Ragucci
Summary: This study provides insights into methane oxidation in a cyclonic flow field chamber, where moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution (MILD) combustion can be achieved. Through simulations and sensitivity analysis, the accuracy of existing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models in describing turbulence-chemistry interactions in such a scale-bridging configuration is assessed. Results indicate that the EDC and PaSR methods are the most suitable modeling paradigms for the investigated MILD combustion conditions, with the need for improvements in the FGM model.
Proceedings Paper
Automation & Control Systems
Ester Scotto di Perta, Paola Giudicianni, Corinna Maria Grottola, Antonio Mautone, Elena Cervelli, Raffaele Ragucci, Stefania Pindozzi
Summary: This paper compares the NH3 emissions after applying two types of biochar produced at different temperatures for manure storage. The results show that biochar produced at a lower temperature reduces NH3 emissions by 42% compared to biochar produced at a higher temperature.
2022 IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON METROLOGY FOR AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY (METROAGRIFOR)
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Maria Virginia Manna, Pino Sabia, Giancarlo Sorrentino, Tullio Viola, Raffaele Ragucci, Mara de Joannon
Summary: The study investigates the effects of hydrogen on ammonia oxidation and thermokinetic instabilities. The results show that hydrogen only moderately enhances the reactivity of the system at low-intermediate temperatures. Numerical simulations are able to predict the main features of NH3/H-2 oxidation, although the description of low-intermediate temperature oxidation chemistry is highly dependent on the reaction mechanism.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Corinna Maria Grottola, Paola Giudicianni, Fernando Stanzione, Raffaele Ragucci
Summary: The biorefinery concept is rapidly expanding, with steam explosion being the most commonly used pre-treatment technology for lignocellulosic biomass. This study found significant differences in yields, composition, and porosity characteristics between char produced from lignin-rich residue and alkali lignin. The low-temperature pyrolysis of lignin-rich residue can produce high yields of char suitable for use as a carbon sink or soil fertilizers, and the BET values of the obtained char show promise for surface-related processes. Further analysis of char-surface chemistry is encouraged.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.