Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiaoning Mao, Qinglong Xie, Ying Duan, Shangzhi Yu, Yong Nie
Summary: This study investigated the product distribution of methyl ricinoleate (MR) pyrolysis at different heating rates using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Fast pyrolysis was found to favor the production of undecylenic acid methyl ester (UAME) and heptanal (HEP). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed the formation process of UAME and HEP from MR pyrolysis.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Sourodipto Modak, Priyanka Katiyar, Sanjeev Yadav, Siddharth Jain, Bappaditya Gole, Dhrubajyoti Talukdar
Summary: Bio-oil was produced from cooked food waste through slow pyrolysis at different temperatures. NMR analysis was used to characterize the nature of the bio-oil, and GC-MS was employed to identify and quantify the compounds. The results showed that low temperature pyrolysis mainly produced carbonyl compounds, levoglucosans, and furans, while medium temperature pyrolysis generated sugars, aliphatic compounds, nitrogen compounds, acids, phenolic compounds, and alcohols. With an increase in pyrolysis temperature, the fraction of aromatics significantly increased. The composition of the aromatic fraction contained a high percentage of aromatic ethers, which could be converted into aliphatic alkanes, aliphatic alcohols, aromatic derivatives, and platform chemicals through catalyst addition.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Ramandeep Kaur, Avnish Kumar, Bijoy Biswas, Bhavya B. Krishna, Thallada Bhaskar
Summary: This study investigated the slow and flash pyrolysis of spent citronella biomass at varying temperatures to understand the pyrolytic behavior and product properties. It was found that different types of bio-oil and biochar could be produced under different conditions, showing potential for various applications.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Guanyi Chen, Bingyan Sun, Jiantao Li, Fawei Lin, Li Xiang, Beibei Yan
Summary: The study investigated the effect of promoting heat and mass transfer on the resource recovery of waste tires during pyrolysis. By designing a multifunctional fixed bed pyrolizer, it was possible to improve the quality of pyrolytic oil and reduce the emission of harmful pollutants.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Junrui Duan, Haowei Hu, Jie Ji
Summary: This study investigated the pyrolysis process of arabinose using a combination of experiments and quantum chemistry calculations. The experimental results showed that the main gas products of arabinose pyrolysis were H 2 O, CO 2 , and CH 4 , with the formation of various furan derivatives, sugar derivatives, and aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives. The quantum chemistry calculations revealed the formation mechanisms and pathways of the significant pyrolysis products. The findings provide a deep understanding of the pyrolysis mechanism of arabinose.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Nuzhat Javed, Sana Muhammad, Shazia Iram, Muhammad Wajahat Ramay, Shaan Bibi Jaffri, Mariem Damak, Gyorgy Fekete, Zsolt Varga, Andras Szekacs, Laszlo Aleksza
Summary: The current energy crisis and waste management problems have led to the investigation of alternative solutions. This study explored the feasibility of pyrolysis of commonly used plastics as a way to recover energy and manage plastic waste. Results showed that pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), high- and low-density polyethylene (HDPE, LDPE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) resulted in flammable liquid products with high fuel conversion yields. The calorific values of these products were comparable to diesel and gasoline, making them potential fuel alternatives. Implementing this study could mitigate energy and environmental issues in developing countries and create entrepreneurship opportunities.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Bin Hu, Wen -Ming Zhang, Xue-Wen Guo, Ji Liu, Xiao Yang, Qiang Lu
Summary: This study explored the pyrolysis behaviors and mechanisms of different monosaccharides, including arabinose, galactose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid. The roles of structural differences in these monosaccharides were analyzed, and it was found that glucuronic acid undergoes a special C-C bond breaking reaction during pyrolysis. The findings provide a deep understanding of the pyrolysis chemistry of hemicellulose and the role of different branches.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Lu Yao, Jianhua Zhu, Shuyuan Li, Yue Ma, Changtao Yue
Summary: The experiments of rapid thermal pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis of high density polyethylene (HDPE) were conducted using Py-GC/MS. The distribution of products and the influence of catalyst on pyrolysate production were investigated. The results revealed the reaction paths and the effects of catalyst on product composition.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tae Uk Khang, Min-Jae Kim, Jee In Yoo, Yu Jung Sohn, Sang Goo Jeon, Si Jae Park, Jeong-Geol Na
Summary: This study developed an analysis method using Py-GC/MS to determine PHA contents and monomer composition in microbial cells, providing a rapid and reliable approach for such analysis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Muhammad Shahbaz, Ahmed AlNouss, Prakash Parthasarathy, Ali H. Abdelaal, Hamish Mackey, Gordon McKay, Tareq Al-Ansari
Summary: This study investigated the influence of biomass components on the yield of slow pyrolysis products using a validated model. The results showed that lignin had a higher char yield compared to cellulose and hemicellulose, while hemicellulose had a higher syngas yield. Furthermore, lignin pyrolysis was more cost-effective and emitted lower CO(2) compared to cellulose and hemicellulose pyrolysis. Therefore, feedstock with higher lignin content is preferred in slow pyrolysis.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Weijie Xu, Jingyong Liu, Ziyi Ding, Jiawei Fu, Fatih Evrendilek, Wuming Xie, Yao He
Summary: This study characterized and verified the pyrolysis mechanisms and volatiles products of medical mask belts, mask faces, and infusion tubes. The results are important for the treatment of medical wastes.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ayobami Salami, Jorma Heikkinen, Laura Tomppo, Marko Hyttinen, Timo Kekalainen, Janne Janis, Jouko Vepsalainen, Reijo Lappalainen
Summary: This study assessed the chemical composition of pyrolysis liquids obtained from different parts of industrial hemp through slow pyrolysis, revealing the presence of various compounds with economic potential. Analysis techniques such as NMR, GC-MS, and APPI FT-ICR MS were used to identify the most abundant compounds and compound groups in the aqueous and oily fractions.
Article
Polymer Science
Zakaria Belbakra, Alessandro Napoli, Zoubair Cherkaoui, Xavier Allonas
Summary: A direct analytical method using multi-step pyrolysis-GC/MS was developed to characterize UV-cured networks, with a focus on (meth)acrylate-based systems. The technique revealed a clear reversion process of methacrylates during pyrolysis, while the decomposition of acrylates in high molecular weight degradation products was not easily detected. The potential impact of this method on elucidating the structural and compositional nature of UV-cured polymeric networks was emphasized.
Article
Thermodynamics
Mohammad W. Amer, Jameel S. Aljariri Alhesan, Sawsan Ibrahim, Ghadeer Qussay, Marc Marshall, Omar S. Al-Ayed
Summary: The potential of producing biofuels from Jordanian corn leaf waste was studied, and the waste was characterized using various analysis methods. The results showed that higher oil yield was obtained at higher pyrolysis temperatures, with the gas yield and higher heating value increasing as the temperature increased.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Wei Zhou, Guangze Zhu, Hao Cheng, Zhidong Xia, Xiaolu Wang, Yufeng Wu, Fu Guo
Summary: Pyrolysis is a promising technology for recycling copper from enamelled wires. This study systematically investigated the pyrolysis characteristics of different types of enamelled wires, including their mass loss, pyrolysis temperature ranges and peaks, and main pyrolysis products. The results showed that the pyrolysis characteristics of enamelled wires were related to their structures and functional groups. Based on the findings, the classification treatment of enamelled wires can be improved to enhance pyrolysis efficiency and reduce energy consumption.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Giuseppina Luciani, Giovanna Ruoppolo, Gianluca Landi, Valentina Gargiulo, Michela Alfe, Almerinda Di Benedetto
Summary: In this study, novel copper/zirconia catalysts were prepared by advanced preparation methods and characterized in detail. The catalyst prepared by copper deposition via metal-organic framework (MOF) on commercial zirconia showed the best catalytic performance, achieving a high yield in the upgrading reaction of glycerol.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Paolino Caputo, Pietro Calandra, Valeria Loise, Adolfo Le Pera, Ana-Maria Putz, Abraham A. Abe, Luigi Madeo, Bagdat Teltayev, Maria Laura Luprano, Michela Alfe, Valentina Gargiulo, Giovanna Ruoppolo, Cesare Oliviero Rossi
Summary: Urban waste management is a challenging task as a significant amount of municipal solid wastes are not properly handled and landfilling remains a common practice. In addition, the road pavement industry generates waste asphalts that are no longer suitable for road paving. The ReScA project suggests a circular economy-based approach, utilizing pyrolysis to treat waste and using the residues as added-value ingredients for the asphalt cycle.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Valentina Gargiulo, Michela Alfe, Laura Giordano, Stefano Lettieri
Summary: The main requirement of sensor devices is to measure and monitor the concentration of specific chemical and/or gaseous species, leading to the development of various types of sensors based on the characteristics of active materials. Well-defined transduction methods such as the oxidation (or reduction) of analytes in electrochemical reactors, optical techniques, and chemiresistive responses to gas adsorption are commonly employed. Recent trends involve the use of specific classes of materials like ionic liquids and metal-organic frameworks for chemical sensing applications.
Article
Thermodynamics
Pino Sabia, Maria Virginia Manna, Giovanni Battista Ariemma, Giancarlo Sorrentino, Raffaele Ragucci, Mara de Joannon
Summary: In many numerical scientific papers, MILD combustion is defined as the disappearance of extinction phenomena while varying mixture dilution levels. However, the operating conditions used to achieve this circumstance do not match experimental evidences. Simulations in an adiabatic CSTR for CH4/O-2/N-2 mixtures show different hysteresis behaviors, indicating that the condition Text =Tign is not a strict constraint for MILD combustion systems.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Maria Virginia Manna, Pino Sabia, Krishna P. Shrestha, Lars Seidel, Raffaele Ragucci, Fabian Mauss, Mara de Joannon
Summary: The present work provides new insight into the NH3-NO interaction under low-temperature conditions. Experimental investigation was conducted on the oxidation process of neat NH3 and NH3 doped with NO in a Jet Stirred Flow Reactor. A detailed kinetic model was developed to capture the reaction kinetics and species profiles. The role of ammonia as a third-body species and NH2 recombination reactions were found to be essential for predicting the formation of NO and H2.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Giovanni Battista Ariemma, Giancarlo Sorrentino, Pino Sabia, Raffaele Ragucci, Mara de Joannon
Summary: This study analyzes the sustainability and combustion performance of binary mixtures of ammonia and low-molecular-weight alcohols in a cyclonic burner and compares them with ammonia/methane blends. The results show that NH3/alcohols mixtures ensure a stable oxidation process in a wide range of operational parameters and exhibit a significant reduction of NOx emissions compared to NH3/methane blends.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Michela Alfe, Giuseppina Minopoli, Massimiliano Tartaglia, Valentina Gargiulo, Ugo Caruso, Giovanni Piero Pepe, Giovanni Ausanio
Summary: In this study, graphene-like materials were deposited on silicone slices using matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) technique. The deposited materials showed maintained chemical-physical features and did not cause any perturbations in biological parameters. This opens up possibilities for practical applications of these materials in medical devices and prevention of nosocomial infections.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michela Alfe, Valentina Gargiulo, Michele Porto, Renata Migliaccio, Adolfo Le Pera, Miriam Sellaro, Crescenzo Pellegrino, Abraham A. Abe, Massimo Urciuolo, Paolino Caputo, Pietro Calandra, Valeria Loise, Cesare Oliviero Rossi, Giovanna Ruoppolo
Summary: Refuse-Derived Fuels (RDFs) are segregated forms of wastes obtained from municipal solid wastes (MSWs) through mechanical-biological processing. RDFs, with higher calorific value, lower moisture content, and higher volatile and carbon contents, are more suitable for thermochemical valorization than MSWs. Pyrolysis and gasification are promising thermochemical processes for RDF treatment, leading to increased energy recovery efficiency, reduced pollutant emissions, and production of value-added products.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Raffaella Ferraiuolo, Michela Alfe, Valentina Gargiulo, Giovanni Piero Pepe, Francesco Tafuri, Alessandro Pezzella, Giovanni Ausanio, Domenico Montemurro
Summary: A new class of graphene-related materials, named graphene-like (GL) materials, has been developed as water suspensions through a two-step oxidation/reduction process. The GL materials self-assemble into thin amorphous films upon drying and consist of clusters of nanoparticles around 40 nm in size. The electrical transport properties and interaction with different surfaces of the GL films were characterized in this study. The results showed non-linear current-voltage relationship and consistent dielectric constant values. The GL materials also did not show significant interactions with different substrates. These findings lay the foundation for various applications of GL materials in electronics, optics, sensors, membranes, functional coatings, and biodevices.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Valentina Gargiulo, Alfonso Policicchio, Luciana Lisi, Michela Alfe
Summary: The role of graphene-related materials (GRMs) in the structural and adsorption properties of MOF-based hybrids was investigated. The GRMs used were oxidized graphene-like (GL-ox), hydrazine-reduced graphene-like (GL), and amine-grafted graphene-like (GL-NH2) materials. The hybrid materials showed high specific surface area (SSA) and good affinity for CO2 and CH4, with different pore size distributions due to interactions between MOF precursors and specific functional groups on the GRM surface. The maximum storage capacity for CO2 and CH4 was highest for HKUST-1/GL-NH2, followed by HKUST-1, HKUST-1/GL-ox, and HKUST-1/GL. The measured uptakes were comparable or higher than those reported in the literature under similar conditions for Cu-HKUST-1 based hybrids.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Giovanni Battista Ariemma, Giancarlo Sorrentino, Mara de Joannon, Pino Sabia, Antonio Albano, Raffaele Ragucci
Summary: Sustainable thermochemical conversion processes require new monitoring and control strategies based on suitable diagnostics methodologies. This involves rethinking combustion diagnostics strategies and utilizing a large number of strategically distributed sensors in the combustion chamber for innovative diagnostics.
Article
Thermodynamics
Lorenzo Giuntini, Lorenzo Frascino, Giovanni Battista Ariemma, Giancarlo Sorrentino, Chiara Galletti, Raffaele Ragucci
Summary: The study focuses on the combustion of alternative renewable fuels, particularly ammonia, in a Laboratory Unit CYclonic (LUCY) burner, which operates under MILD combustion conditions. Experimental data is compared with numerical simulations using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques to analyze the suitability of existing sub-models. Sensitivity analysis is carried out for turbulence closure models and combustion models, incorporating seven different kinetic schemes.
COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Lorenzo Giuntini, Lorenzo Frascino, Giovanni Battista Ariemma, Chiara Galletti, Giancarlo Sorrentino, Raffaele Ragucci
Summary: This study provides insights into methane oxidation in a cyclonic flow field chamber, where moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution (MILD) combustion can be achieved. Through simulations and sensitivity analysis, the accuracy of existing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models in describing turbulence-chemistry interactions in such a scale-bridging configuration is assessed. Results indicate that the EDC and PaSR methods are the most suitable modeling paradigms for the investigated MILD combustion conditions, with the need for improvements in the FGM model.
Proceedings Paper
Automation & Control Systems
Ester Scotto di Perta, Paola Giudicianni, Corinna Maria Grottola, Antonio Mautone, Elena Cervelli, Raffaele Ragucci, Stefania Pindozzi
Summary: This paper compares the NH3 emissions after applying two types of biochar produced at different temperatures for manure storage. The results show that biochar produced at a lower temperature reduces NH3 emissions by 42% compared to biochar produced at a higher temperature.
2022 IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON METROLOGY FOR AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY (METROAGRIFOR)
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Guanshuai Zhang, Shanjian Liu, Dongmei Bi, Zhisen He, Jia Liu, Yinjiao Liu
Summary: Hydrogen peroxide pretreatment was applied for fast pyrolysis of corn stalks, and it was found that the pretreatment effectively promoted lignin depolymerization and decreased the reaction activation energy. The pretreatment also increased the cellulose content and removed alkali and alkaline earth metals from the biomass. The pH of the hydrogen peroxide solution affected the removal of lignin and ash by the pretreatment, and the composition of bio-oil changed significantly, with a significant increase in the relative content of levoglucosan after pretreatment.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2024)
