Review
Immunology
Yisi Lu, Joe Craft
Summary: T follicular regulatory cells are a unique subset of regulatory T cells that migrate to B cell follicles and germinal centers to maintain immune homeostasis. They use specific transcription factors to regulate immune responses, promoting humoral immunity and memory following viral infections.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Fabienne Burger, Kapka Miteva, Daniela Baptista, Aline Roth, Rodrigo A. Fraga-Silva, Catherine Martel, Nikolaos Stergiopulos, Francois Mach, Karim J. Brandt
Summary: The study shows that follicular regulatory helper T cells (T-FR) can control regulatory B cell (B-REG) populations in mice models on a high-cholesterol diet, leading to the suppression of proatherogenic processes. This suggests that T-FR cells may have atheroprotective effects by modulating immune processes related to atherosclerosis.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jian Lu, Jing Wu, Xueli Xia, Huiyong Peng, Shengjun Wang
Summary: RA is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint and systemic inflammation, with Tfh cells playing a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the disease and affecting disease activity.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Nengqi Lin, Wei Yin, Heather Miller, Maria G. Byazrova, Andres A. Herrada, Kamel Benlagha, Pamela Lee, Fei Guan, Jiahui Lei, Quan Gong, Youqing Yan, Alexander Filatov, Chaohong Liu
Summary: Hepatitis B has become a major health threat worldwide, particularly in developing countries and regions. Infection with hepatitis B virus significantly increases the risk of liver diseases such as cirrhosis and cancer. The immune response against hepatitis B is mainly regulated by CD8+ T cells, which play a key role in fighting viral infections, while regulatory T cells prevent excessive immune response. Additionally, follicular T helper cells have a critical role in B-cell activation, proliferation, differentiation, and the formation of germinal centers. The development of hepatitis B virus is generally associated with immune system disorders or dysfunctions. This review focuses on the important functions and biological processes of regulatory T cells and follicular T helper cells during HBV infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Chun-Shu Wong, Clarisa M. Buckner, Silvia Lucena Lage, Luxin Pei, Felipe L. Assis, Eric W. Dahlstrom, Sarah L. Anzick, Kimmo Virtaneva, Adam Rupert, Jeremy L. Davis, Ting Zhou, Elizabeth Laidlaw, Maura Manion, Frances Galindo, Megan Anderson, Catherine A. Seamon, Michael C. Sneller, Andrea Lisco, Claire Deleage, Stefania Pittaluga, Susan Moir, Irini Sereti
Summary: Low nadir CD4 T-cell counts in HIV+ patients are associated with high morbidity and mortality, and lasting immune dysfunction. In severely lymphopenic HIV+ patients, early events of immune recovery have not been fully characterized. Post-ART, there were signs of immune reconstitution with an increase in LN germinal center cells, although limited in functionality.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Etienne Masle-Farquhar, Yogesh Jeelall, Jacqueline White, Julia Bier, Elissa K. Deenick, Robert Brink, Keisuke Horikawa, Christopher Carl Goodnow
Summary: This study investigated the effects of CARD11 gene mutations on B and T lymphocytes in a disease associated with B cell expansion and T cell anergy, as well as in certain lymphomas. The results showed that the mutations increased the activation and proliferation of B and T lymphocytes following antigen receptor stimulation, and led to increased expression of checkpoint molecules on T cells. This study reveals CARD11 as an important positive regulator of T cells and highlights the cell-intrinsic effects of CARD11 mutations on T cell malignancies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Kalliopi Ioannidou, Daba-Rokhya Ndiaye, Alessandra Noto, Craig Fenwick, Sotirios P. Fortis, Giuseppe Pantaleo, Constantinos Petrovas, Laurence de Leval
Summary: This study utilized a quantitative multiplexed immunofluorescence approach to comprehensively characterize Tfh cells in human tonsils and lymph nodes. Different subsets of Tfh cells were identified at tissue level based on differential expression of surface receptors and nuclear factors. Moreover, significant differences in Tfh cell profile signatures between health and disease were revealed.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Jingjing Qi, Chang Liu, Ziran Bai, Xia Li, Genhong Yao
Summary: Tfh cells and Tfr cells play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, regulating B cell differentiation and antibody production by expressing specific surface markers and cytokines. Understanding the phenotype, differentiation, and function of these cells may provide insight into potential therapies targeting the balance of Tfh and Tfr cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Matthew T. T. Ollerton, Joy M. M. Folkvord, Andriana La Mantia, David A. A. Parry, Amie L. L. Meditz, Martin D. D. McCarter, Richard T. D'Aquila, Elizabeth Connick
Summary: Follicular helper CD4(+) T cells (TFH) are major sites of HIV replication, but follicular regulatory CD4(+) T cells (TFR) limit HIV replication by suppressing TFH through IL-2 restriction. TFR reduce TFH viability and HIV infected TFH, and IL-2 enhances TFH viability but decreases HIV replication in the presence of TFR.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Bradley Salvatore, Rachel S. Resop, Brent R. Gordon, Marta Epeldegui, Otoniel Martinez-Maza, Begona Comin-Anduix, Alex Lam, Ting-Ting Wu, Christel H. Uittenbogaart
Summary: Humoral immune response plays a crucial role in combating pathogens by producing specific antibodies. T follicular helper (TFH) cells contribute to both B-cell antibody production and HIV persistence. T follicular regulatory (TFR) cells, which suppress TFH cell function, exhibit similar surface markers. The increase in TFH cells observed in HIV infection may partially be due to an increase in TFR cells. Using multicolor flow cytometry, we identified peripheral blood TFH (pTFH) and peripheral blood TFR (pTFR) cells and found that the frequency of pTFH cells was higher in HIV-infected individuals. Additionally, pTFH cells expressed lower levels of CCR5, a key factor in HIV persistence. The constitutive expression of CCR5 in TFR cells indicates their potential contribution to HIV persistence.
Review
Cell Biology
Weiqian Chen, Fan Yang, Guanhua Xu, Jilin Ma, Jin Lin
Summary: Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration into exocrine glands, leading to symptoms like dry eyes and mouth. Studies have shown an abundance of Tfh cells in pSS patients, while Tfr cells play a role in controlling the function of Tfh cells.
JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Colleen L. Mayberry, Natalie A. Logan, John J. Wilson, Chih-Hao Chang
Summary: Tfh cells play a critical role in adaptive immune response by providing support to B cells. Recent studies have shown that the differentiation and activation of Tfh cells may be linked with cellular metabolic state, which is important for understanding their role in disease and functional immunity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Yisi Lu, Roy Jiang, Alec W. Freyn, Jiawei Wang, Shirin Strohmeier, Katlyn Lederer, Michela Locci, Hongyu Zhao, Davide Angeletti, Kevin C. O'Connor, Steven H. Kleinstein, Raffael Nachbagauer, Joe Craft
Summary: The study revealed that Tfr cells promote antigen-specific B cell responses upon influenza virus infection, essential for the development of long-term humoral memory. Their role in the generation of virus-specific, long-lived plasma cells and appropriate regulation of the BCR repertoire was also highlighted.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Patricia Sole, Jun Yamanouchi, Josep Garnica, Muhammad Myn Uddin, Robert Clarke, Joel Moro, Nahir Garabatos, Shari Thiessen, Mireia Ortega, Santiswarup Singha, Debajyoti Mondal, Cesar Fandos, Julio Saez-Rodriguez, Yang Yang, Pau Serra, Pere Santamaria
Summary: Chronic antigenic stimulation can induce the differentiation of CD4(+) T cells into T regulatory type 1 (TR1) cells, which produce interleukin-10 and do not express FOXP3. The progenitors and transcriptional regulators of this T-cell subset are still unknown.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Fang Ke, Zachary L. Benet, Mitra P. Maz, Jianhua Liu, Alexander L. Dent, Joanne Michelle Kahlenberg, Irina L. Grigorova, Tomohiro Kurosaki
Summary: This study found that nuclear proteins contain antigens specific to Tfr. Targeting these proteins to antigen-specific B cells in mice leads to rapid accumulation of immunosuppressive Tfr. Tfr exerts predominant inhibition on GC B cells acquiring nuclear proteins, suggesting the important role of direct cognate Tfr-GC B cells interactions in controlling effector B cell response.
Article
Cell Biology
Elena Pontarini, Davide Lucchesi, Liliane Fossati-Jimack, Rachel Coleby, Paolo Tentorio, Cristina Croia, Michele Bombardieri, Domenico Mavilio
JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Rheumatology
Serena Colafrancesco, Roberta Priori, Charlotte G. Smith, Antonina Minniti, Valentina Iannizzotto, Elena Pipi, Davide Lucchesi, Elena Pontarini, Saba Nayar, Joana Campos, Francesca Arienzo, Massimo Fusconi, Bruna Cerbelli, Carla Giordano, Guido Valesini, Michele Bombardieri, Benjamin A. Fisher, Francesca Barone
Article
Rheumatology
Marie-Astrid Boutet, Alessandra Nerviani, Gloria Lliso-Ribera, Davide Lucchesi, Edoardo Prediletto, Giulia Maria Ghirardi, Katriona Goldmann, Myles Lewis, Costantino Pitzalis
Article
Rheumatology
F. Rivellese, F. Humby, S. Bugatti, L. Fossati-Jimack, H. Rizvi, D. Lucchesi, G. Lliso-Ribera, A. Nerviani, R. E. Hands, G. Giorli, B. Frias, G. Thorborn, E. Jaworska, C. John, K. Goldmann, M. J. Lewis, A. Manzo, M. Bombardieri, C. Pitzalis
ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Rheumatology
Davide Lucchesi, Rachel Coleby, Elena Pontarini, Edoardo Prediletto, Felice Rivellese, David G. Hill, Alicia Derrac Soria, Simon A. Jones, Ian R. Humphreys, Nurhan Sutcliffe, Anwar R. Tappuni, Costantino Pitzalis, Gareth W. Jones, Michele Bombardieri
ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Rheumatology
Elena Pontarini, William James Murray-Brown, Cristina Croia, Davide Lucchesi, James Conway, Felice Rivellese, Liliane Fossati-Jimack, Elisa Astorri, Edoardo Prediletto, Elisa Corsiero, Francesca Romana Delvecchio, Rachel Coleby, Eva Gelbhardt, Aurora Bono, Chiara Baldini, Ilaria Puxeddu, Piero Ruscitti, Roberto Giacomelli, Francesca Barone, Benjamin Fisher, Simon J. Bowman, Serena Colafrancesco, Roberta Priori, Nurhan Sutcliffe, Stephen Challacombe, Gianluca Carlesso, Anwar Tappuni, Costantino Pitzalis, Michele Bombardieri
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2020)
Article
Rheumatology
Pilar Jimenez-Royo, Michele Bombardieri, Coziana Ciurtin, Michalis Kostapanos, Anwar R. Tappuni, Natasha Jordan, Azeem Saleem, Teresa Fuller, Kathleen Port, Elena Pontarini, Davide Lucchesi, Robert Janiczek, Paul Galette, Graham Searle, Neel Patel, Lucy Kershaw, Calum Gray, Nirav Ratia, Andre van Maurik, Marius de Groot, Nicolas Wisniacki, Mats Bergstrom, Ruth Tarzi
Summary: In this study, non-invasive imaging techniques including PET-CT and MRI were used to assess gland structure, inflammation, and function in patients with pSS. Results indicated that pSS patients had impaired glandular synthetic function, increased inflammation, and more severe fat accumulation compared to healthy volunteers, with disease duration positively correlating with MRI parameters and negatively correlating with C-11-MET and F-18-FDG uptake.
Review
Immunology
Elena Pontarini, Rachel Coleby, Michele Bombardieri
Summary: Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is a highly heterogeneous disease with some patients at risk of developing B cell lymphomas. Recent research on immunopathology and molecular pathology has revealed differences between patient clusters, aiding in a better understanding of the disease mechanisms.
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Silvia Fanti, Edward Stephenson, Etel Rocha-Vieira, Alexandros Protonotarios, Stavroula Kanoni, Eriomina Shahaj, M. Paula Longhi, Vishal S. Vyas, Carlene Dyer, Elena Pontarini, Angeliki Asimaki, Carlos Bueno-Beti, Monica De Gaspari, Stefania Rizzo, Cristina Basso, Michele Bombardieri, David Coe, Guosu Wang, Daniel Harding, Iain Gallagher, Egle Solito, Perry Elliott, Stephane Heymans, Maurits Sikking, Konstantinos Savvatis, Saidi A. Mohiddin, Federica M. Marelli-Berg
Summary: This study found that c-Met(+) T cells were selectively increased in the peripheral blood and myocardium of patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathies, and they exhibited distinct phenotype and function compared to c-Met(-) T cells. Different subpopulations of circulating c-Met(+) T cells in different heart muscle diseases were associated with distinct and overlapping mechanisms of heart inflammation. Pharmacologic inhibition of c-Met could halt the development of disease, indicating a causative role for c-Met(+) T cells.
Review
Rheumatology
M. Bombardieri, O. D. Argyropoulou, F. Ferro, R. Coleby, E. Pontarini, G. Governato, D. Lucchesi, G. Fulvio, A. G. Tzioufas, C. Baldini
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RHEUMATOLOGY
(2020)
Meeting Abstract
Immunology
E. Prediletto, E. Pontarini, D. Lucchesi, E. Corsiero, F. Pratesi, P. Migliorini, C. Pitzalis, M. Bombardieri
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2019)