Review
Rheumatology
Gwenny M. Verstappen, Frans G. M. Kroese, Hendrika Bootsma
Summary: A histological hallmark of primary SS is lymphocytic infiltration of salivary and lacrimal glands, primarily by CD4(+) T and B cells. Activated T cells contribute to disease pathogenesis by inducing B cell activation and establishing a positive feedback loop, while Tfh cells play a critical role in T cell-dependent B cell hyperactivity in the pathology.
Article
Rheumatology
M. Paula Gomez Hernandez, Emily E. Starman, Andrew B. Davis, Miyuraj Harishchandra Hikkaduwa Withanage, Erliang Zeng, Scott M. Lieberman, Kim A. Brogden, Emily A. Lanzel
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the presence of CCBMs in saliva from children with SS and their association with immune system diseases. Elevated CCBMs were found to be related to autoimmune diseases and leukocyte activities. ROC analysis showed promising potential for certain CCBMs in diagnosing SS, with 8 previously unreported CCBMs warranting further investigation.
Article
Rheumatology
Giuliana Guggino, Chiara Rizzo, Leila Mohammadnezhad, Marianna Lo Pizzo, Vincenzo Luca Lentini, Diana Di Liberto, Lidia La Barbera, Stefania Raimondo, Mojtaba Shekarkar Azgomi, Ornella Urzi, Onorina Berardicurti, Giuseppina Campisi, Riccardo Alessandro, Roberto Giacomelli, Francesco Dieli, Francesco Ciccia
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the expression of interleukin (IL)-40 in primary Sjogren syndrome (pSS) and pSS-associated lymphomas. The results showed that IL-40 was significantly increased in the lymphocytic infiltrated minor salivary gland of pSS patients and in pSS-associated lymphomas. B cells were found to be the major source of IL-40. In vitro experiments demonstrated that IL-40 stimulation resulted in the release of proinflammatory cytokines. The findings suggest that IL-40 may play a role in pSS pathogenesis and pSS-associated lymphomas.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nikolaos Machairiotis, Sofia Vasilakaki, Nikolaos Thomakos
Summary: Inflammatory mediators play a crucial role in inducing pain in endometriosis. Inhibition of the synthesis of these mediators may provide an effective treatment for inflammation-induced pain in endometriosis. Identifying and targeting these mediators could lead to the development of novel treatments for chronic pelvic pain in endometriosis patients.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Bryce R. Evans, Anais Yerly, Emiel P. C. van der Vorst, Iris Baumgartner, Sarah Maike Bernhard, Marc Schindewolf, Yvonne Doering
Summary: Atherosclerotic vascular disease is the most common cause of ischemia, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The structure and function of the arterial vessel wall, consisting of the adventitia, media, and intima, determine vascular function. Vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells are key in shaping the vascular wall and maintaining proper function. Atherosclerosis, initiated by endothelial dysfunction, leads to pathological alterations known as vascular remodeling, ultimately causing insufficient vascular function and cardiovascular events.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ana P. Lopes, Cornelis P. J. Bekker, Maarten R. Hillen, Sofie L. M. Blokland, Anneline C. Hinrichs, Aridaman Pandit, Aike A. Kruize, Timothy R. D. J. Radstake, Joel A. G. van Roon
Summary: Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is characterized by infiltration of exocrine glands and B cell hyperactivity. RNA-sequencing of CD14(+) monocytes from pSS patients revealed enrichment in intermediate and non-classical monocyte profiles, associated with processes related to translation, IFN-signaling, and toll-like receptor signaling. Hub-genes identified in pSS monocytes were highly correlated with clinical features. Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis grouped pSS and nSS patients into four distinct clusters, with one cluster showing higher prevalence of autoantibodies and interferon scores in pSS patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Deepa K. Ingawale, Satish K. Mandlik, Snehal S. Patel
Summary: The study demonstrated that treatment with hecogenin and a combination of hecogenin and fluticasone significantly improved symptoms of ulcerative colitis in the rat model, including increased body weight and colon length, reduced inflammation, decreased spleen weight, and restoration of antioxidant levels.
IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY AND IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Panagiotis Theofilis, Marios Sagris, Alexios S. Antonopoulos, Evangelos Oikonomou, Costas Tsioufis, Dimitris Tousoulis
Summary: In the context of dysfunctional vascular endothelium, platelet activation occurs due to structural alterations like endothelial glycocalyx thinning or functional modifications through impaired NO bioavailability. Additionally, neutrophil-derived mediators and neutrophil extracellular traps formation contribute to platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte aggregation. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and their receptors in platelets, along with factors like TNF-alpha, play critical roles in inducing inflammatory responses and affecting platelet activation. Furthermore, new concepts linking inflammation and platelet activation, such as toll-like receptors, myeloperoxidase, and platelet factor-4, have been explored. The evidence is particularly relevant in the context of COVID-19, where excessive inflammation leads to thrombotic complications partially mediated by platelet activation. Advances in anti-inflammatory therapies have shown promise in reducing platelet activation and its thrombotic effects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Lavanya Goodla, Xiang Xue
Summary: This brief review discusses the involvement of three representative cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1 beta), a lipid molecule PGE2 and two chemokines (CXCL1 and CXCL2) in the process of CRC liver metastases.
Article
Immunology
Leandro Junqueira Moragas, Felipe de Andrade Vieira Alves, Lucca de Lima Siqueira Oliveira, Natalia Gedeao Salomao, Caio Goncalves Azevedo, Jemima Fuentes Ribeiro da Silva, Carlos Alberto Basilio-de-Oliveira, Rodrigo Basilio-de-Oliveira, Ronaldo Mohana-Borges, Jorge Jose de Carvalho, Fernando Colonna Rosman, Marciano Viana Paes, Kissila Rabelo
Summary: This study investigated the histopathological features, cytokine profile, and cell subpopulations in the liver tissues of 3 fatal cases of DENV in children. Key factors that may be involved in the development of severe alterations in liver tissues of children in response to DENV infection were identified.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Janusz P. Sikora, Jakub Karawani, Jaroslaw Sobczak
Summary: This study aims to determine the role of neutrophils in individual phenomena occurring during an inflammatory and anti-inflammatory reaction, considering their cidal, immunoregulatory, and reparative abilities. The study also highlights the pro- and anticoagulatory properties of endothelium in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and their clinical implications. Additionally, it presents clinically useful biomarkers related to neutrophils and emphasizes their role in the diagnosis and forecasting of sepsis, burn disease, and COVID-19.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Agata Sebastian, Marta Madej, Pawel Gajdanowicz, Maciej Sebastian, Anna Luczak, Magdalena Zemelka-Wiacek, Marek Jutel, Piotr Wiland
Summary: Primary Sjogren syndrome (pSS) is a complex multifactorial disease, involving various cytokines including interferon. This study aimed to quantify specific cytokines involved in the pathomechanism of pSS and determine their clinical correlation. Results showed that IFN gamma was the most frequently detected cytokine, and was present along with other specific cytokines in most patients. However, no clinical correlation was observed among the three most common cytokines, IL6, IFN gamma, and TNF alpha. These preliminary research findings suggest the possibility of exploring new treatments for pSS.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohammad Firoz Alam, Sami I. Hijri, Saeed Alshahrani, Saad S. Alqahtani, Abdulmajeed M. Jali, Rayan A. Ahmed, Mansour M. Adawi, Sameeh M. Algassmi, Emad Sayed Shaheen, Sivakumar S. Moni, Tarique Anwer
Summary: This study found that zingerone can alleviate carfilzomib-induced cardiotoxicity. By enhancing antioxidant properties, reducing inflammatory cytokines, and decreasing apoptotic markers, zingerone significantly improves the heart damage caused by carfilzomib in rats.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Rui Liao, Hai-Tao Yang, Heng Li, Li-Xiong Liu, Kai Li, Jing-Jing Li, Jie Liang, Xiao-Ping Hong, Yu-Lan Chen, Dong-Zhou Liu
Summary: Sjogren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease with complicated clinical manifestations. Salivary gland biopsy plays a crucial role in diagnosis and risk assessment for the disease.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tibor Docsa, Adam Sipos, Charles S. Cox, Karen Uray
Summary: Feeding intolerance and ileus are common complications in critically ill, surgical, and trauma patients, leading to longer hospital stays, increased infections, readmission rates, and medical costs. Current medical treatment for ileus is ineffective and has serious side effects. Inflammatory mediators play a critical role in the development of ileus, but their direct effects on gastrointestinal cells are not well understood.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Massimo Fusconi, Piero G. Meliante, Giulio Pagliuca, Antonio Greco, Marco de Vincentiis, Antonella Polimeni, Isotta Musy, Francesca Candelori, Andrea Gallo
Summary: This study highlights the behavior of mucus in the ducts of major salivary glands under typical pathologies, presenting sialendoscopic evidence of mucous plugs and discussing their formation mechanisms and defense functions.
Article
Rheumatology
Valentina Pucino, Jason D. Turner, Saba Nayar, Florian Kollert, Saaeha Rauz, Andrea Richards, Jon Higham, Ana Poveda-Gallego, Simon J. Bowman, Francesca Barone, Benjamin A. Fisher
Summary: This study aimed to compare clinical and proteomic predictors of primary Sjogren's syndrome (SjS) and non-SjS sicca syndrome (sicca), and identify the key predictors of symptoms. The results showed that obesity-related metabolic factors may regulate symptoms in sicca, while further research is needed to explore the non-inflammatory drivers of high symptom burden in SjS.
Article
Immunology
Li Dai, Mayuko Uehara, Xiaofei Li, Brenna A. LaBarre, Naima Banouni, Takaharu Ichimura, Melissa M. Lee-Sundlov, Vivek Kasinath, Jade A. Sullivan, Heyu Ni, Francesca Barone, Silvia Giannini, Baharak Bahmani, Peter T. Sage, Nikolaos A. Patsopoulos, George C. Tsokos, Jonathan S. Bromberg, Karin Hoffmeister, Liwei Jiang, Reza Abdi
Summary: Lymph nodes (LNs) are critical for immunity, and recent studies have revealed the presence of nontraditional stromal cells called CD41(+) cells in LNs. CD41(+)Lyve1(-) cells appear in LNs mostly at later stages in mice and recirculate throughout the body. These cells express mesodermal markers and are sensitive to radiation. Further research is needed to understand the role of CD41(+) cells in LN function.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Marilin S. Koch, Mykola Zdioruk, Michal O. Nowicki, Alec M. Griffith, Estuardo Aguilar-Cordova, Laura K. Aguilar, Brian W. Guzik, Francesca Barone, Paul Peter Tak, Katharina Schregel, Michael S. Hoetker, James A. Lederer, E. Antonio Chiocca, Ghazaleh Tabatabai, Sean E. Lawler
Summary: CAN-2409, an adenovirus encoding HSV tk, shows promise in treating glioblastoma. Combination therapy with DNA-damage-response inhibitors, such as ATR inhibitor AZD6738, enhances tumor cell death and improves survival rates. However, the complex immunological effects of this combination treatment require further investigation for optimal therapeutic benefits.
MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS
(2022)
Review
Rheumatology
Fabiana Zaccarelli, Marco de Vincentiis, Giovanni D'Erme, Antonio Greco, Francesco Natalucci, Massimo Fusconi
Summary: This review aims to evaluate the overlap syndrome between KFD and autoimmune diseases, as well as the chronological and causal relationship between them. The study shows that there is an overlap syndrome between KFD and other autoimmune diseases, and the onset of the diseases can be preceding, simultaneous, or post. The different pathologies associated with KFD suggest an alteration of the immune system.
CURRENT RHEUMATOLOGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Silvia Fanti, Edward Stephenson, Etel Rocha-Vieira, Alexandros Protonotarios, Stavroula Kanoni, Eriomina Shahaj, M. Paula Longhi, Vishal S. Vyas, Carlene Dyer, Elena Pontarini, Angeliki Asimaki, Carlos Bueno-Beti, Monica De Gaspari, Stefania Rizzo, Cristina Basso, Michele Bombardieri, David Coe, Guosu Wang, Daniel Harding, Iain Gallagher, Egle Solito, Perry Elliott, Stephane Heymans, Maurits Sikking, Konstantinos Savvatis, Saidi A. Mohiddin, Federica M. Marelli-Berg
Summary: This study found that c-Met(+) T cells were selectively increased in the peripheral blood and myocardium of patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathies, and they exhibited distinct phenotype and function compared to c-Met(-) T cells. Different subpopulations of circulating c-Met(+) T cells in different heart muscle diseases were associated with distinct and overlapping mechanisms of heart inflammation. Pharmacologic inhibition of c-Met could halt the development of disease, indicating a causative role for c-Met(+) T cells.
Article
Pathology
Katarzyna Michaud, Christina Jacobsen, Cristina Basso, Jytte Banner, Britt M. Blokker, Hans H. de Boer, Fabrice Dedouit, Chris O'Donnell, Carla Giordano, Virginie Magnin, Silke Grabherr, S. Kim Suvarna, Krzysztof Wozniak, Sarah Parsons, Allard C. van der Wal
Summary: Postmortem imaging (PMI) is an increasingly used alternative to conventional autopsies, particularly in sudden cardiac deaths (SCD). However, PMI has limitations when compared to clinical imaging, which impacts the diagnosis of myocardial injuries, coronary occlusion, and other SCD-related cardiac lesions. Emerging minimally invasive techniques in PMI show promising results and require further investigation. The field of postmortem imaging is rapidly developing and will require detailed knowledge of both radiology and pathology for the diagnosis of sudden death due to cardiovascular diseases.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Xavier Mariette, Francesca Barone, Chiara Baldini, Hendrika Bootsma, Kenneth L. Clark, Salvatore De Vita, David H. Gardner, Robert B. Henderson, Michael Herdman, Karoline Lerang, Prafull Mistry, Raj Punwaney, Raphaele Seror, John Stone, Paul La van Daele, Andre van Maurik, Nicolas Wisniacki, David A. Roth, Paul Peter Tak
Summary: This study investigates the effects of combined treatment with belimumab and rituximab on patients with pSS. The results show that the combination therapy achieves better salivary gland B cell depletion and may lead to improved clinical outcomes.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nicoletta Greco, Annalinda Pisano, Laura Mezzatesta, Marta Pettinelli, Arianna Meacci, Maria Gemma Pignataro, Carla Giordano, Antonio Picarelli
Summary: The clinical examination of patients has found a close relationship between the ingestion of certain foods and the appearance of various symptoms, which should be more accurately defined as adverse food reactions. These reactions can present a wide variety of symptoms commonly identified as irritable bowel syndrome and may also manifest as systemic disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between food ingestion, symptoms, clinical improvements, and immunohistochemical alterations. The use of GSRS and OMPT, along with the endothelial marker CD34, could be useful in the diagnostic procedure for these emerging clinical problems.
Article
Cell Biology
Pamela Rosso, Elena Fico, Serena Colafrancesco, Mario Giuseppe Bellizzi, Roberta Priori, Bruna Cerbelli, Martina Leopizzi, Carla Giordano, Antonio Greco, Paola Tirassa, Cinzia Severini, Massimo Fusconi
Summary: Primary Sjogren's Syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease that affects the lacrimal and salivary glands, resulting in reduced secretion and symptoms like dry mouth and dry eyes. This study found decreased levels of substance P (SP) and increased levels of NK1R in the minor salivary glands of pSS patients, suggesting their involvement in the impaired salivary secretion. The increase in apoptosis in pSS patients was also related to JNK phosphorylation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Edith Marcial-Juarez, Marisol Perez-Toledo, Saba Nayar, Elena Pipi, Areej Alshayea, Ruby Persaud, Sian E. Jossi, Rachel Lamerton, Francesca Barone, Ian R. Henderson, Adam F. Cunningham
Summary: During systemic Salmonella Typhimurium infection, the absence of germinal center formation and the presence of immature follicular dendritic cell precursors are observed. When the follicular dendritic cell networks are re-established, extensive germinal centers become detectable throughout the spleen.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lucia Pallotta, Vittoria Cammisotto, Valentina Castellani, Alessia Gioia, Margherita Spigaroli, Dominga Carlomagno, Simona Bartimoccia, Cristina Nocella, Martina Cappelletti, Stefano Pontone, Roberto Carnevale, Francesco Violi, Rosa Vona, Carla Giordano, Pasquale Pignatelli, Carola Severi
Summary: This study assessed the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets of diverticular disease (DD) using circulating biomarkers. It was found that DD patients had decreased antioxidant capacity and increased levels of sNox2-dp, H2O2, and isoprostanes, along with increased TNF-a levels and markers of gut permeability and LPS translocation. These markers were correlated with the severity of DD, suggesting that circulating biomarkers could be used as tools for monitoring disease progression and testing new therapeutic strategies.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Cira Rosaria Tiziana di Gioia, Andrea Ascione, Raffaella Carletti, Carla Giordano
Summary: The aorta, divided into the thoracic and abdominal segments, is the largest elastic artery in the human body. The thoracic aorta consists of several parts and is composed of three histologic layers. Different segments of the aorta have varying physiological properties and are prone to different diseases. Understanding the morphology and clinicopathological correlations is crucial for the diagnosis and management of thoracic aortic diseases.
Article
Surgery
Michele Grasso, Massimo Fusconi, Pietro De Luca, Angelo Camaioni, Mario Belizzi, Flavia Flaccadoro, Griselda Agolli, Giovanni Ruoppolo, Marco de Vincentiis, Domenico Di Maria, Massimo Ralli, Arianna Di Stadio, Andrea Colizza, Antonio Greco
Summary: Early decannulation after supracricoid partial laryngectomy can lead to a faster recovery of swallowing function in the short term. Factors that affect swallowing function scores include the type of surgery, pT staging, and resection of one arytenoid.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND HEAD & NECK SURGERY
(2023)
