Article
Neurosciences
Chenglong Li, Qi Li, Shuai Liu, Jiaying Li, Wei Yu, Yan Li, Ruirui Zhang, Sihua Qi
Summary: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a severe complication following surgery, but its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study found that the upregulation of VCAM1 and its soluble form, sVCAM1, in the hippocampus is associated with microglial activation and cognitive dysfunction after surgery. Further experiments demonstrated that anti-VCAM1 treatment can inhibit microglial activation, inflammation, and improve cognitive function.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yang Liu, Wei Yang, Jinqi Xue, Juntong Chen, Shiqing Liu, Shijie Zhang, Xiaohui Zhang, Xi Gu, Youjing Dong, Peng Qiu
Summary: The proportion of advanced age patients undergoing surgical procedures is increasing due to advancements in surgical and anesthesia technologies as well as an aging population. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication in older patients and its development involves multiple factors. Neuroinflammation is considered a leading hypothesis and plays a crucial role in the understanding and treatment of POCD.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Xue Han, Xiaolei Cheng, Jiyan Xu, Yujia Liu, Jiawen Zhou, Linhao Jiang, Xiaoping Gu, Tianjiao Xia
Summary: This study investigated the role of TREM2 in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and neuroinflammation. The activation of TREM2 attenuated neuroinflammation by modulating PI3K/Akt signaling, thereby alleviating postoperative learning and memory deficits.
Article
Neurosciences
Genghuan Wang, Jian Shen, Liping Zhai, Yingcong Lin, Qiaobing Guan, Heping Shen
Summary: The study investigated the mechanism of how TL1A mediates the A1 differentiation of astrocytes in POCD. TL1A was found to promote the progression of cognitive dysfunction in mice. Knockout of NLRP3 or intervention with NLRP3 inhibitor could inhibit the effect of TL1A, improving cognitive dysfunction and suppressing A1 differentiation.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Siyu Zhang, Cuiying Liu, Jintao Sun, Yang Li, Jian Lu, Xiaoxing Xiong, Li Hu, Heng Zhao, Hongmei Zhou
Summary: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) refers to a range of cognitive problems that can occur after surgery, including memory loss, attention deficits, and communication difficulties. Inflammasomes, intracellular complexes involved in inflammation control, may play a significant role in the development of POCD. However, there are still gaps in our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and potential therapies.
Review
Immunology
Mengxue Zhang, Yiqing Yin
Summary: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common clinical symptom after surgery, characterized by a decline in neurocognitive function. Neuroinflammation mediated by microglia is the key mechanism of POCD. Anesthetics are believed to be a major cause of POCD development, as they activate microglia and induce neuroinflammation. However, the role of anesthetics in POCD remains controversial. Anesthetics can have both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects, suggesting their dual roles in the pathogenesis of POCD. This review discusses the mechanisms by which commonly used anesthetics regulate microglial activation through inflammatory signaling pathways, highlighting the anti-inflammatory properties of anesthetics and their potential to improve cognitive performance. The beneficial effects of anesthetics on POCD vary depending on dose, exposure time, and patients' characteristics, emphasizing the need for careful selection of anesthetics to minimize the incidence of POCD.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shunhong Mao, Jian Yu, Lei Wang, Chunhua Zhu
Summary: The study demonstrates that pleiotrophin potentiates sevoflurane anesthesia-induced cognitive dysfunction and learning deficits in mice, while small molecule inhibitors targeting RPTP beta/zeta can ameliorate this neuroinflammation.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yan Yang, Yue Liu, Jixiang Zhu, Shiyu Song, Yulin Huang, Wei Zhang, Yu'e Sun, Jing Hao, Xuli Yang, Qian Gao, Zhengliang Ma, Juan Zhang, Xiaoping Gu
Summary: Research found that activation of Drp1 and mitochondrial fragmentation increased in the hippocampus of mice after surgery and primary neurons after TNF exposure. Pretreatment with Drp1 inhibitor Mdivi-1 reduced mitochondrial fragmentation, while Drp1 knockdown blocked TNF-induced fragmentation in SH-SY5Y cells. However, Mdivi-1 negatively impacted mitochondrial function and neurite growth in primary neurons.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Fabia Filipello, Claire Goldsbury, Shih Feng You, Alberto Locca, Celeste M. Karch, Laura Piccio
Summary: This article reviews the role of TREM2, focusing on its potential functions as a biomarker in neurological disorders and as a potential therapeutic target for CNS diseases.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Stephanie M. Muscat, Nicholas P. Deems, Michael J. Butler, Emmanuel A. Scaria, Menaz N. Bettes, Sean P. Cleary, Ross H. Bockbrader, Steven F. Maier, Ruth M. Barrientos
Summary: This study highlights the importance of addressing perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) and provides evidence that blocking toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation can mitigate the cognitive impairment caused by morphine treatment. These findings offer a promising therapeutic target for preventing or treating PNDs.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yueran Li, Huifang Xu, Huifang Wang, Kui Yang, Jiajie Luan, Sheng Wang
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease that leads to cognitive decline and memory loss. Current treatments only provide symptom relief and do not reverse the disease. Studies have shown that TREM2, predominantly expressed in microglia of the central nervous system, plays a protective role by regulating microglial function and promoting the clearance of toxic substances. However, the specific mechanism of action is not fully understood.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Eun Hae Kim, Youn Young Shim, Hye In Lee, Sanghyun Lee, Martin J. T. Reaney, Mi Ja Chung
Summary: The current study found that astragalin and isoquercitrin from chamchwi had anti-neuroinflammatory effects by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway. Astragalin and isoquercitrin reduced the inflammatory response in LPS-induced microglial cells and hippocampus in mice.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Wenyong Peng, Wei Lu, Xiaofeng Jiang, Chang Xiong, Hua Chai, Libin Cai, Zhijian Lan
Summary: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication of the central nervous system (CNS) in elderly patients after surgery, characterized by cognitive changes and influenced by various risk factors. Central nervous inflammation is believed to play a critical role in its pathogenesis. The current diagnostic rate of POCD is relatively low, and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Early diagnosis and long-term treatment of POCD, as well as intervention strategies targeting central nervous inflammation, are of great significance for the prevention and treatment of POCD.
CURRENT MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Keitaro Tachi, Taeko Fukuda, Makoto Tanaka
Summary: Olanzapine attenuated spatial cognitive dysfunction and microglial activity of the hippocampus induced by surgery and LPS injection in adult rats. These effects were unrelated to inflammatory cytokine concentrations.
Article
Cell Biology
Haitao Qian, Fei Gao, Xuyang Wu, Daoyi Lin, Yongxin Huang, Andi Chen, Jianhui Deng, Cansheng Gong, Xiaohui Chen, Xiaochun Zheng
Summary: This study investigated the impact and underlying mechanism of the CD200/CD200R1 axis on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in aged mice. The activation of the CD200/CD200R1 axis was found to reduce neuroinflammation, synaptic deficits, and cognitive impairment in the hippocampus of aged mice by regulating microglial M1/M2 polarization via the PI3K/Akt/NF-kappa B signaling pathway.
INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2023)