Article
Construction & Building Technology
Silke Verbruggen, Marc Delghust, Jelle Laverge, Arnold Janssens
Summary: Recent studies have shown that window opening behavior is influenced by environmental and contextual factors as well as daily habits, but little research has focused on habitual window opening behavior in residential buildings. A study conducted with Belgian households revealed that almost all occupants have window use habits, with household and building characteristics playing a small role compared to habits from other rooms. A window use habit model has been created based on these insights, showing promise in linking window use to everyday life for predicting realistic and justifiable window use.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Daniel P. Albuquerque, Paul D. O'Sullivan, Guilherme Carrilho da Graca
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the impact of typical window geometries on natural ventilation flows driven by wind shear, revealing that the combination of window geometry and wind direction significantly affects ventilation efficiency. The study identified the best window configurations for wind-driven natural ventilation in dense urban environments, proposing simple correlations for more accurate predictions than existing models.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
J. S. Park, Young-Min An, Jae-Weon Jeong
Summary: Understanding and studying energy-related occupant behavior is crucial for improving the energy efficiency of homes. This study conducted field monitoring and analysis on 13 homes to identify important parameters that influence occupant's manual control of windows for natural ventilation. The Random Forest algorithm was used to predict window behavior with high accuracy using seven outdoor and indoor parameters. This research can contribute to the development of occupant behavior models for energy simulation tools.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jorn Toftum, Geo Clausen
Summary: This study investigated the indoor environment in Danish classrooms and its impact on student well-being and performance. The findings revealed that inadequate ventilation in classrooms negatively affects students' well-being and concentration, pointing to a challenge in achieving satisfactory air quality in Danish school buildings.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yumeng Liu, Shuchang Liu, Shuxiao Wang, Bin Zhao
Summary: Global warming could change building ventilation and threaten public health. Based on the relationships between outdoor temperature, window opening behavior, and air conditioner operating behavior in China, our projections indicate that warming would reduce window opening for 40% of the population.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yuanyuan Wang, Yanzhe Yu, Tianzhen Ye, Quan Bo
Summary: This study systematically compared the ventilation characteristics of different window-opening forms using CFD simulations, and found that a sliding window with a full opening has the highest discharge coefficients under wind-driven cross-ventilation and temperature-driven single-sided ventilation. Additionally, top-hung windows opening both inwards and outwards showed better ventilation performance than other window types under the two ventilation modes.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lukas Boehler, Daniel Ritzberger, Christoph Hametner, Stefan Jakubek
Summary: This paper presents an alternative approach to extended Kalman filtering for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell systems, providing robust real-time state estimations and achieving faster computational speed compared to standard approaches. The method resolves dependencies on operating conditions and offers accurate state estimates even in challenging scenarios, making it a viable option for control and fault detection applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Andres Nunez, Ana M. Garcia
Summary: The composition of bioaerosols in an urban hospital indoors and outdoors at different periods was analyzed using DNA sequencing. It was found that the seasonal and compositional trends of bioaerosols outdoors were also observed indoors, with some taxa showing different patterns depending on the season. Pathogenic bacteria and fungi were detected indoors and outdoors, suggesting that hospitals may not be a significant source of aerosol emissions. Skin-related bacteria, which are part of the human microbiome, were more abundant indoors.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yanzhe Yu, Bei Wang, Shijun You, Tianzhen Ye, Wandong Zheng, Shen Wei, Shuting Yang, Yuanyuan Wang, Kun Li
Summary: The study found that simultaneously opening doors and exterior windows or just opening doors can effectively reduce indoor CO2 concentration, while indoor PM2.5 concentration is primarily influenced by outdoor PM2.5 levels. In winter, floor level and classroom orientation significantly affect CO2 concentration.
AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mohd Faheem, Nikhil Bhandari, Srinivas Tadepalli, J. Abinaya
Summary: The study delves into the impact of window opening behavior on indoor environment, revealing various factors influencing window usage, including season, time, weekdays, floor level, building orientation, user type, and gender. Additionally, it was found that insects and animal menace can impede window opening behavior.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yanyan Li, Haiguo Yin, Xin Deng, Linfeng Liang, Yongshou Zhang, Yongchao Zhai
Summary: This paper discusses the ventilation scheme design for improving air quality in sentry boxes with openings, using two attached ventilation modes as carriers. The study shows the effectiveness of creating a covering air curtain and diluting exhaust gases to prevent pollutant intrusion and enhance indoor air quality.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Vegard Heide, Laurent Georges, Hilde Breesch
Summary: This study investigates the indoor air quality (IAQ) in 58 bedrooms with different levels of renovation. It is found that extensive window openings can result in low CO2 concentrations, but the presence of curtains may affect this outcome. The study also confirms that opening the door while keeping the window closed can lead to relatively low CO2 concentrations. Additionally, there is no clear correlation between indoor temperature and the duration of window opening. Ultimately, the results suggest that high IAQ can be achieved through window ventilation, even in renovated buildings with improved envelope airtightness.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Magdalena Baborska-Narozny, Maria Kostka
Summary: This article presents the results of a study measuring the temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration in bedrooms of six single-family houses in Poland. The study found that user behavior has a significant impact on indoor air quality, regardless of the type of ventilation system used.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yan Yan, Mengyuan Kang, Haodong Zhang, Zhiwei Lian, Xiaojun Fan, Chandra Sekhar, Pawel Wargocki, Li Lan
Summary: In a high-density city, opening windows for sleep may lead to increased indoor temperature, higher PM2.5 concentration, and noise disturbance, which can negatively impact sleep quality.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Andressa Apio, Jorge O. Trierweiler, Marcelo Farenzena
Summary: Two new formulations for the extended Kalman filter are proposed in this work, and their computational costs and performance are compared with other existing techniques. The MW-REKF technique showed the smoothest and most robust behavior among all methodologies, while having a relatively lower computational cost compared to other methods like CEKF and MHE.
COMPUTERS & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
J. L. Parracha, A. Rita Santos, R. Lazera, I. Flores-Colen, M. Gloria Gomes, A. Moret Rodrigues
Summary: In recent years, the trend and market of thermal mortars have increased in both new and thermal retrofitting of building facades due to their enhanced thermal performance. These mortars are formulated using different lightweight aggregates to reduce density and thermal conductivity without compromising durability or mechanical performance. This study evaluates the thermophysical and mechanical performance of commercially available and experimentally designed lightweight thermal insulating mortars with different aggregates, with the aim of developing innovative and sustainable materials.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
G. R. Araujo, Henriqueta Teixeira, M. Gloria Gomes, A. Moret Rodrigues
Summary: This research focuses on the impact of different switching temperature ranges and thermochromic coating transmittance values on energy use in office rooms in different climates. The optimization results indicate that low transition temperatures of thermochromic glazings can lead to a 200% increase in electric lighting energy use, while the optimum solutions show a 15% improvement in total energy use compared to off-the-market thermochromic glazings.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
M. Pedroso, I. Flores-Colen, J. D. Silvestre, M. Gloria-Gomes, A. Hawreen, R. J. Ball
Summary: There is an increasing demand for highly efficient thermal insulating materials in buildings. This study presents a novel solution incorporating nanomaterials, such as silica aerogel, which can achieve low thermal conductivity values (below 0.030 W m-1 K-1) in renders. A key challenge of using aerogels is their low mechanical strength and high capillary water absorption. Here we describe a novel approach employing fibres which mitigates against some key properties which are decreased as a consequence of using aerogel.
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Goncalo Roque Araujo, Ricardo Gomes, Maria Gloria Gomes, Manuel Correia Guedes, Paulo Ferrao
Summary: This study integrates a baseline multi-objective optimization process with a widely used building energy simulation tool to minimize energy use and cost in a residential building complex. A surrogate model is created using machine learning and optimization techniques to accurately predict simulation results. Different metaheuristics with tuned hyperparameters are compared, and the results show significant improvements in optimization results with a decrease of up to 22% in total cost while having similar performance results and execution times up to 100 times faster.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Marco Pedroso, Maria da Gloria Gomes, Jose Dinis Silvestre, Ahmed Hawreen, Ines Flores-Colen
Summary: This study compared the hygrothermal behavior of an aerogel-based render with different fiber additions and found that the incorporation of fibers improved the hygrothermal properties, reducing capillary absorption and increasing water vapor permeability. These renderings showed a high potential for improving energy efficiency in building envelopes by up to 20% compared to conventional solutions.
Article
Polymer Science
Bruno Esteves, Pedro Aires, Umut Sen, Maria da Gloria Gomes, Raquel P. F. Guine, Idalina Domingos, Jose Ferreira, Helder Viana, Luisa P. Cruz-Lopes
Summary: The properties of particleboards made with young Paulownia trees from Portuguese plantations were studied. Single layer particleboards were produced with different processing parameters and board compositions to determine the best properties for use in dry environments. Particleboards meeting the requirements for dry environment could be produced with young Paulownia wood with a density of around 0.65 g/cm(3) and a thermal conductivity of 0.115 W/mK.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
M. Gloria Gomes, A. Tome
Summary: This paper presents a digital integrated methodology combining Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), Aerial Digital Photogrammetry (ADP), and Infrared Thermography (IRT), which has shown great potential in data collection and preservation monitoring of historic structures.
DEVELOPMENTS IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
J. H. Sousa, M. Gloria Gomes, F. Marques da Silva, A. Tome
Summary: This paper investigates various spatial functional layouts and their impact on pedestrian comfort under shell structures. Wind tunnel tests were conducted on a triangular thin shell scale model with different user area layouts, leading to conclusions that can guide future projects and contribute to a multidisciplinary understanding of these innovative structures.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Marco Pedroso, Jose Dinis Silvestre, Ines Flores-Colen, M. Gloria Gomes
Summary: This research evaluates the environmental impacts of aerogel-based fibre-enhanced thermal insulating renders and the respective multi-layered coating system for buildings' envelopes. The results show that the most critical environmental contribution is related to the raw materials incorporated in the thermal render. Even a small powder substitution by natural and synthetic fibres can have significant impacts on the environmental performance of the aerogel-based thermal render. The research concludes that these thermal renders show promising application potential from an environmental perspective and further optimization can lead to even lower impacts.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Marco Pedroso, Jose Dinis Silvestre, M. Gloria Gomes, Jessica D. Bersch, Ines Flores-Colen
Summary: In the current context of climate change, reducing energy and environmental impacts while maintaining economic balance and user comfort is crucial. Thermal insulation solutions are potential allies in meeting sustainability requirements for existing buildings. This study compares innovative thermal renders with conventional insulation materials and finds that sisal-fiber-based thermal renders demonstrate the best overall performance.
Article
Polymer Science
Marco Pedroso, Jose Dinis Silvestre, Maria da Gloria Gomes, Ahmed Hawreen, Jessica D. Bersch, Ines Flores-Colen
Summary: This study evaluates aerogel-based fibre-enhanced thermal renders using an integrated approach, considering environmental, energy and economic factors. Optimum insulation thicknesses, cost optimization, and environmental impacts are quantified. Aerogel-based fibre-enhanced thermal renders provide significant benefits in terms of energy savings and environmental impact reduction.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Rogerio Duarte, Maria da Gloria Gomes, Antonio Moret Rodrigues, Fernando Pimentel
Summary: Earth-air heat exchangers (EAHX) utilize soil thermal capacity to reduce the amplitude of outdoor air temperature fluctuations. This study provides a detailed quantitative analysis of the performance of a large-diameter EAHX in standalone cooling of an office building. The results demonstrate its effectiveness in reducing CO2 emissions and energy consumption.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Parth Bansal, Steven Jige Quan
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between urban form and canopy layer urban heat island (CUHI) using a relatively large sample of microclimate sensors in Seoul, Korea. The study compares different statistical models and finds that the spatially explicit gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) model has the highest accuracy. The study also shows that the effect of urban form on CUHI varies at different time instances during the day. These findings provide valuable insights for planners to understand the complexity of urban climate and reduce CUHI magnitude.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Miaomiao Liu, Salah Almazmumi, Pinlu Cao, Carlos Jimenez-bescos, John Kaiser Calautit
Summary: Windcatchers provide effective low-energy ventilation and summer passive cooling in temperate climates. However, their use in winter is limited due to significant ventilation heat loss and potential discomfort. This study evaluates the applicability of windcatchers in low-temperature conditions, highlighting the need for control strategies to reduce over-ventilation and the integration of heat recovery or thermal storage to enhance winter thermal conditions.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Behrouz Nourozi, Aneta Wierzbicka, Runming Yao, Sasan Sadrizadeh
Summary: This article presents a systematic review of ventilation solutions in hospital wards, aiming to enhance pathogen removal performance while maintaining patient and healthcare staff comfort using air-cleaning techniques. The study reveals the importance of proper ventilation systems in reducing infection risk and adverse effects of cross-contamination.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zhen Yang, Weirong Zhang, Hongkai Liu, Weijia Zhang, Mingyuan Qin
Summary: The study examines the influence of personalized local heating on the thermal comfort of occupants in old residential buildings. The findings reveal that personalized local heating can increase the overall thermal sensation of occupants, but only a few methods are effective in enhancing thermal comfort. The chosen heating methods and background temperature affect the participants' selection of heating parts.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Hong Cheng, Dan Norback, Huilin Zhang, Liu Yang, Baizhan Li, Yinping Zhang, Zhuohui Zhao, Qihong Deng, Chen Huang, Xu Yang, Chan Lu, Hua Qian, Tingting Wang, Ling Zhang, Wei Yu, Juan Wang, Xin Zhang
Summary: The home environment and sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms in five southern Chinese cities have been studied over time. The study found a decrease in asthma prevalence and an increase in allergic rhinitis. Cockroaches, rats, mice, mosquitoes or flies were identified as consistent biological risk factors for SBS symptoms, while redecoration, buying new furniture, and traffic air pollution were identified as other risk factors.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Chaojie Xing, Zhengtao Ai, Zhiwei Liu, Cheuk Ming Mak, Hai Ming Wong
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the emission characteristics of droplets around the mouth during dental treatments. The results showed that the peak mass fraction of droplets occurs within the size range of 20 μm to 100 μm, and droplets with a diameter less than 200 μm account for over 80% of the mass fraction. The dominant emission direction of droplets is towards the dummy's head and chest, forming an approximately cone shape.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zhijian Liu, Zhe Han, Lina Hu, Chenxing Hu, Rui Rong
Summary: This study compared the effects of different respiratory behaviors on the distribution of aerosols in a ward and the risk of infection for healthcare workers using numerical simulation. It was found that talking in the ward significantly increased aerosol concentrations, particularly short periods of talking. Wards designed with side-supply ventilation had lower overall infection risk. Talking alternately between healthcare workers and patients slightly extended the impact time of aerosols.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yan Yan, Mengyuan Kang, Haodong Zhang, Zhiwei Lian, Xiaojun Fan, Chandra Sekhar, Pawel Wargocki, Li Lan
Summary: In a high-density city, opening windows for sleep may lead to increased indoor temperature, higher PM2.5 concentration, and noise disturbance, which can negatively impact sleep quality.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yan Bai, Liang Liu, Kai Liu, Shuai Yu, Yifan Shen, Di Sun
Summary: This study developed a non-intrusive personal thermal comfort model using machine learning techniques combined with infrared facial recognition. The results showed that the ensemble learning models perform better than traditional models, and the broad learning model has a higher prediction precision with lower computational complexity and faster training speed compared to deep neural networks. The findings provide a reference for optimizing building thermal environments.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yue Lei, Zeynep Duygu Tekler, Sicheng Zhan, Clayton Miller, Adrian Chong
Summary: Mixed-mode ventilation is a promising solution for achieving energy-efficient and comfortable indoor environments. This study found that occupants can thermally adapt when switching between natural ventilation (NV) and air-conditioning (AC) modes within the same day, with the adaptation process stabilizing between 35 to 45 minutes after the mode switch. These findings are important for optimizing thermal comfort in mixed-mode controls, considering the dynamic nature of thermal adaptation.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Nan Mo, Jie Han, Yingde Yin, Yelin Zhang
Summary: This study develops a method based on the LCZ framework for a comprehensive evaluation of urban-scale heat island effects, considering the impact of geographic factors on LST. The results show that Guilin's geomorphological conditions lead to abnormal heat island effects during winter, and the cooling effects of mountains and water bodies vary seasonally in different built areas, with LCZ 2 exhibiting the strongest cooling effect.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Tunga Salthammer
Summary: Monitoring the potential formaldehyde emission of wood-based materials through test chamber investigations has significantly contributed to reducing indoor formaldehyde concentrations. However, the different methodologies used in these procedures prevent direct result comparison. Empirical models for converting formaldehyde steady-state concentrations based on temperature, humidity, air change rate, and loading were developed in the 1970s and have been modified to accommodate the development of lower-emitting materials. Formaldehyde emissions from wood-based materials are complex and require nonlinear regression tools for mathematical analysis.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Katarina Stebelova, Katarina Kovacova, Zuzana Dzirbikova, Peter Hanuliak, Tomas Bacigal, Peter Hartman, Andrea Vargova, Jozef Hraska
Summary: This study investigated the impact of reduced short-wavelength light on the hormone melatonin metabolite 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (u-sMEL) and examined the association between previous day's light exposure and u-sMEL. It was found that reducing short-wavelength light during the day did not change the concentration of u-sMEL. Personal photopic illuminance was positively correlated with u-sMEL in the reference week. The illuminance had a significant impact on u-sMEL, as shown by the evaluation of the mean of all three urine samples. However, this correlation was not found in the experimental week.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ruoxin Xiong, Ying Shi, Haoming Jing, Wei Liang, Yorie Nakahira, Pingbo Tang
Summary: This study proposes a data-model integration method to identify and calibrate uncertainties in machine learning models, leading to improved thermal perception predictions. The method utilizes the Multidimensional Association Rule Mining algorithm to identify biased human responses and enhances prediction accuracy and reliability. The study also evaluates different calibration techniques and discovers their potential in enhancing prediction reliability.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Beichao Hu, Zeda Yin, Abderrachid Hamrani, Arturo Leon, Dwayne McDaniel
Summary: This paper introduces an innovative super-resolution approach to model the air flow and temperature field in the cold aisle of a data center. The proposed method reconstructs a high-fidelity flow field by using a low-fidelity flow field, significantly reducing the computational time and enabling real-time prediction.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
