Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Camille Dugardin, Lea Fleury, Veronique Touche, Farah Ahdach, Jean Lesage, Mathie Tenenbaum, Nadia Everaert, Olivier Briand, Sophie Lestavel, Rozenn Ravallec, Benoit Cudennec
Summary: High protein diets have been shown to improve glucose homeostasis. This study investigates the acute effects of proteins from different sources on intestinal glucose absorption. The digested proteins were found to decrease intestinal glucose absorption and ingestion of certain proteins improved glucose tolerance without affecting insulin secretion. These results suggest that protein-derived peptides and amino acids play a key role in regulating glucose homeostasis and intestinal glucose absorption.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Motonori Sato, Yoshifumi Tamura, Takashi Nakagata, Yuki Someya, Hideyoshi Kaga, Nozomu Yamasaki, Mai Kiya, Satoshi Kadowaki, Daisuke Sugimoto, Hiroaki Satoh, Ryuzo Kawamori, Hirotaka Watada
Summary: The prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was higher in young underweight Japanese women compared to normal weight women, with those with IGT showing impaired early-phase insulin secretion, lower fitness levels, and reduced whole-body and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity levels.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Xin Zhang, Yankun Yue, Shaobo Liu, Xiangfeng Cong, Wenjuan Wang, Jianhong Li
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between BMI and the risk of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in Chinese adults. The results show that obesity is an important risk factor for IGT and IFG in China, and the risk of IGT increases during the overweight stage.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kathryn J. Potter, Quitterie Reynaud, Valerie Boudreau, Florence Racine, Francois Tremblay, Annick Lavoie, Maite Carricart, Genevieve Mailhot, Isabelle Durieu, Peter A. Senior, Remi Rabasa-Lhoret
Summary: Patients meeting both criteria of indeterminate glycemia and impaired glucose tolerance have an increased risk of developing diabetes, suggesting the need for closer monitoring.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Procolo Di Bonito, Giuliana Valerio, Maria R. Licenziati, Giuseppina Campana, Emanuele M. del Giudice, Anna Di Sessa, Anita Morandi, Claudio Maffeis, Claudio Chiesa, Lucia Pacifico, Marco G. Baroni, Melania Manco
Summary: The study revealed a significant association between uric acid levels and markers of prediabetes, insulin resistance, and insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese youth. Higher uric acid levels were correlated with elevated markers of impaired glucose metabolism, particularly post-challenge conditions.
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yutaka Inoue, Lianne Cormanes, Kana Yoshimura, Aiko Sano, Yumiko Hori, Ryuichiro Suzuki, Ikuo Kanamoto
Summary: This study investigated the impact of consuming apples on postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels in individuals with normal versus impaired glucose tolerance. The findings suggest that consuming an apple before a meal can help regulate blood glucose and insulin levels in both normal individuals and those with impaired glucose tolerance.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiao-Wei Jia, Dong-Liang Fang, Xin-Yi Shi, Tao Lu, Chun Yang, Yan Gao
Summary: Inducible beige adipocytes may have beneficial effects on improving impaired glucose metabolism and enhancing energy expenditure, even in the absence of interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT). Data shows that beige adipocytes could partly contribute to the improvement of impaired glucose metabolism and enhancing glucose uptake in iBAT-removal animal models. Additionally, inducible beige adipocytes may have different mechanisms to improve glucose metabolism and enhance energy expenditure when iBAT is lacking.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF LIPIDS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Min Zhang, Hongyan Yang, Erwan Yang, Jia Li, Ling Dong
Summary: Berberine reduces intestinal glucose absorption through inhibiting the IGF-1R-PLC-beta 2-GLUT2 signal pathway, improving postprandial hyperglycemia and enhancing insulin sensitivity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Hongli Zeng, Xiangsheng Cai, Zhenyang Qiu, Yuchan Liang, Lu Huang
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the effects of quinoa on glucose and lipid metabolism, and the prognosis in people with impaired glucose tolerance. The results showed that adding quinoa to staple food intake significantly reduced postprandial blood glucose, improved lipid metabolism and insulin resistance, and delayed the progression of diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Elena Succurro, Maria Adelaide Marini, Alessia Riccio, Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino, Maria Perticone, Angela Sciacqua, Francesco Andreozzi, Giorgio Sesti
Summary: This study found that deteriorated glucose homeostasis in women is associated with greater fat accumulation and worsening insulin sensitivity compared to men.
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bo Sun, Hui Chen, Jisu Xue, Peiwu Li, Xu Fu
Summary: The glucose transporter family, especially GLUT2, plays a crucial role in the initial stage of glucose metabolism, transporting glucose into multiple organs and maintaining glucose homeostasis. Variations in GLUT2 are associated with endocrine and metabolic disorders. This study examines the role of GLUT2 in glucose metabolism and regulation in various organs and tissues.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hidemi Hattori, Yuma Hanai, Yuto Oshima, Hiroaki Kataoka, Nozomu Eto
Summary: Excessive consumption of HFCS drinks, such as soft drinks, without a proper diet, induces nonobese IGT due to insulin-secretion defect. This study found that excess HFCS-water intake did not lead to obesity, but impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) due to insulin-secretion defect. The intake of HFCS-water affected glucose and fructose metabolism by decreasing the expression of certain enzymes in the pancreas.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Siresha Bathina, Tumininu S. Faniyan, Lauren Bainbridge, Autumn Davis, Kavaljit H. Chhabra
Summary: The role of beta-cell Glut2 in regulating insulin secretion and blood glucose levels in mice was investigated in this study. Knocking down Glut2 specifically in beta-cells did not affect glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and systemic glucose homeostasis in mice.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sina Schmidl, Oleg Ursu, Cristina V. Iancu, Mislav Oreb, Tudor I. Oprea, Jun-yong Choe
Summary: This study focused on the role of GLUT2 in cells and identified eleven new GLUT2 inhibitors through experiments. These inhibitors can be used to examine the physiological role of GLUT2 in relation to other GLUTs, block glucose entry in cancer cells, and reduce intestinal absorption of fructose.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Leticia Maria de Souza Cordeiro, Lauren Bainbridge, Nagavardhini Devisetty, David H. McDougal, Dorien J. M. Peters, Kavaljit H. Chhabra
Summary: This study found that knocking out Glut2 in the kidneys can reverse hyperglycemia and normalize body weight in mouse models of diabetes and obesity. The results also revealed a novel crosstalk between renal GLUT2 and SGLT2 in regulating systemic glucose homeostasis.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Heba Nabil, Outi Kummu, Petri Lehenkari, Jaana Rysa, Juha Risteli, Jukka Hakkola, Janne Hukkanen
Summary: Rifampicin treatment induces bone form alkaline phosphatase in the serum of healthy human volunteers by activating PXR. Further studies are needed to establish the mechanism of this novel finding.
BASIC & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Gozde Gurdeniz, Matti Uusitupa, Kjeld Hermansen, Markku J. Savolainen, Ursula Schwab, Marjukka Kolehmainen, Lea Brader, Lieselotte Cloetens, Karl-Heinz Herzig, Janne Hukkanen, Fredrik Rosqvist, Stine Marie Ulven, Ingibjorg Gunnarsdottir, Inga Thorsdottir, Matej Oresic, Kaisa S. Poutanen, Ulf Riserus, Bjorn Akesson, Lars Ove Dragsted
Summary: This study characterized a multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing a healthy Nordic diet (HND) to a control diet (CD) using plasma and urine metabolic profiles and associated them with cardiometabolic markers. The results showed that the metaboic profiles of blood and urine were able to distinguish between the two diets and were associated with glucose metabolism and lipoproteins.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Mikko Karpale, Janne Hukkanen, Jukka Hakkola
Summary: Atherosclerosis is a global health concern with high total and LDL cholesterol as the main risk factors. Understanding the factors influencing an individual's cholesterol levels during the formation of arteriosclerotic plaques is crucial. Activation of pregnane X receptor (PXR) has been shown to induce hypercholesterolemia and may play a role in drug-induced high cholesterol levels.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Aki Juhani Karajamaki, Arto Korkiakoski, Janne Hukkanen, Y. Antero Kesaniemi, Olavi Ukkola
Summary: The presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), but not obesity only, entails a greater risk of mortality and cardiovascular diseases. The risk of atrial fibrillation is increased only in subjects with both obesity and MetS. Obesity without MetS tends to progress eventually to obesity with MetS.
ANNALS OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mahmoud-Sobhy Elkhwanky, Outi Kummu, Jukka Hakkola
Summary: Research shows that in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes, suppression of hepatic Cyp2r1 expression does not lead to reduced hepatic vitamin D 25-hydroxylase activity and vitamin D deficiency, likely due to induction of other vitamin D 25-hydroxylase enzymes in response to diabetes.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Roosa Rahunen, Outi Kummu, Vesa Koivukangas, Heidi Hautajarvi, Jukka Hakkola, Jaana Rysa, Janne Hukkanen
Summary: This study found that activation of PXR can increase blood pressure, while elevated 4-beta hydroxycholesterol in circulation can lower blood pressure. It was also found that 4-beta hydroxycholesterol in the blood is negatively correlated with blood pressure in obese patients and healthy volunteers. This study reveals a new hypertension regulating pathway associated with overweight and obesity.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hanna Tolonen, Sirpa Ranta, Esa Hamalainen, Raili Kauppinen, Janne Hukkanen
Summary: This study investigated the effects of PXR activation on porphyrin metabolism and found that rifampicin increased the excretion of certain urinary porphyrin metabolites and decreased faecal protoporphyrin IX excretion. This suggests that increased excretion may serve as a hepatoprotective shunt when haem synthesis or porphyrin levels are increased.
BASIC & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Toxicology
Anna Itkonen, Jukka Hakkola, Jaana Rysa
Summary: Pharmaceuticals and environmental contaminants contribute to hypercholesterolemia by activating pregnane X receptor (PXR). PXR activation disrupts lipid metabolism and promotes hypercholesterolemia through multiple mechanisms. This novel toxicity pathway is of great concern and requires further attention.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mikko Karpale, Outi Kummu, Olli Karkkainen, Marko Lehtonen, Juha Napankangas, Uta M. Herfurth, Albert Braeuning, Jaana Rysa, Jukka Hakkola
Summary: This study found that both obesity and chemical exposure can induce non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and the Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) plays a key role in liver glucose and lipid metabolism. Activation of PXR worsened obesity-induced liver steatosis and impaired hepatic insulin sensitivity. The research also suggests that obese individuals may be more susceptible to harmful metabolic effects of PXR-activating drugs and environmental chemicals.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jaakko O. Markkanen, Noora Oikarinen, Markku J. Savolainen, Heta Merikallio, Ville Nyman, Ville Salminen, Teppo Virkkula, Pasi Karppinen, Harri Oinas-Kukkonen, Janne Hukkanen
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a mobile health behaviour change support system (mHBCSS) as a stand-alone treatment for obesity. The results showed that mHBCSS led to weight reduction and maintenance, with high adherence rates.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Paola Orlandi, Marta Banchi, Francesca Vaglini, Marco Carli, Stefano Aringhieri, Arianna Bandini, Carla Pardini, Cristina Viaggi, Michele Lai, Greta Ali, Alessandra Ottani, Eleonora Vandini, Patrizia Guidi, Margherita Bernardeschi, Veronica La Rocca, Giulio Francia, Gabriella Fontanini, Mauro Pistello, Giada Frenzilli, Daniela Giuliani, Marco Scarselli, Guido Bocci
Summary: This study investigates the role of MC4R in melanoma and the use of the selective antagonist ML in combination with vemurafenib. The results show that ML can inhibit melanoma cell proliferation and induce apoptosis through the inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and reduction of BCL-XL expression. The combination of vemurafenib and ML exhibits a synergistic effect in vitro and inhibits tumor growth in vivo without causing adverse effects.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Conor J. Bloxham, Katina D. Hulme, Fabrizio Fierro, Christian Fercher, Cassandra L. Pegg, Shannon L. O'Brien, Simon R. Foster, Kirsty R. Short, Sebastian G. B. Furness, Melissa E. Reichelt, Masha Y. Niv, Walter G. Thomas
Summary: Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) are a type of G protein-coupled receptors that allow humans to detect aversive and toxic substances. This study characterized the functional properties of previously identified T2Rs in human cardiac tissues and their naturally occurring polymorphisms. The results showed differences in signaling among different T2R variants, and revealed a potential association between the T2R50 Tyr203 variant and cardiovascular disease.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lu Chen, Huanying Shi, Wenxin Zhang, Yongjun Zhu, Haifei Chen, Zimei Wu, Huijie Qi, Jiafeng Liu, Mingkang Zhong, Xiaojin Shi, Tianxiao Wang, Qunyi Li
Summary: This study demonstrates that Carfilzomib exhibits potent anti-tumor activity against esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by triggering mitochondrial apoptosis and reprogramming cellular metabolism. It has been identified that activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) plays a crucial role as a cellular target in ESCC cells treated with Carfilzomib. Overexpression of ATF3 effectively counteracts the effects of Carfilzomib on ESCC cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolic reprogramming. Furthermore, ATF3 mediates the anti-tumor activity of Carfilzomib, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for ESCC.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xing Zhang, Xiang Li, Ran Xia, Hong-Sheng Zhang
Summary: This review summarizes recent progress on the mechanisms of ferroptosis resistance in cancer and highlights the role of redox status and metabolism. Combination therapy for ferroptosis has great potential in treating resistant malignant tumors.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2024)