Review
Allergy
Hans C. Oettgen
Summary: Mast cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract play a crucial role in IgE-mediated allergic reactions to foods. Aside from immediate reactions, recent evidence suggests that mast cells are also important regulators of adaptive immunity to foods. They provide cytokines that initiate and consolidate immune responses to allergens in the gastrointestinal mucosa, as well as molecules that recruit leukocytes causing tissue inflammation. By counteracting the activating effects of IgE antibodies, food-specific IgG antibodies suppress both immediate allergic reactions and mast cell-mediated immune responses.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Zhongwei Zhang, Peter B. Ernst, Hiroshi Kiyono, Yosuke Kurashima
Summary: Mast cells are widely distributed immune cells with diverse phenotypes and functions. They exhibit high functional heterogeneity and plasticity due to their unique maturation mechanism. Mast cells can adapt to different microenvironments and regulate allergy and inflammation under the peripheral immune education system. This review focuses on the mechanism and heterogeneity of mast cell migration to mucosal tissues, such as the gastrointestinal tract. The immunosuppressive properties of mast cells suggest a potential new approach for treating inflammatory and allergic disorders.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Elham Zahedi, Seyed-Shahabeddin Sadr, Ashkan Sanaeierad, Mehrdad Roghani
Summary: Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by various cellular and molecular abnormalities that lead to autism-associated behaviors. In addition to behavioral defects, individuals with autism also experience gastrointestinal deficits, alterations in gut microbiota composition, and their metabolites. This study investigated the effects of ALC (acetyl-L-carnitine) on microbiota short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and its impact on brain inflammation in a valproate-induced autism model. The results showed that ALC treatment improved ASD-like behaviors, increased SCFA levels, restored intestinal integrity, reduced systemic and brain inflammation, and normalized microglia profile in the cerebral cortex. Overall, these findings suggest that ALC therapy can alleviate behavioral abnormalities in autism by improving gut microbiota SCFAs, intestinal barrier function, and reducing inflammation in the brain.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dorina Lauritano, Filiberto Mastrangelo, Cristian D'Ovidio, Gianpaolo Ronconi, Alessandro Caraffa, Carla E. Gallenga, Ilias Frydas, Spyros K. Kritas, Matteo Trimarchi, Francesco Carinci, Pio Conti
Summary: Mast cells (MCs) are tissue cells derived from bone marrow stem cells and play a role in various diseases and disorders. They communicate with microglia in the brain through the production of mediators and can have pathological effects. MCs release preformed chemical mediators and cytokines, and can interact with neuropeptides, leading to inflammation in the central nervous system. This article explores the activation of MCs by neuropeptides and the therapeutic potential of anti-inflammatory cytokines.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jonathan Larochelle, Ryland J. Tishko, Changjun Yang, Yong Ge, Leah T. Phan, Rachel E. Gunraj, Sofia M. Stansbury, Lei Liu, Mansour Mohamadzadeh, Habibeh Khoshbouei, Eduardo Candelario-Jalil
Summary: The study revealed an unknown role of RIPK2 in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke injury, with microglia playing a distinct role. RIPK2 was identified as a potent propagator of neuroinflammatory signaling, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for post-stroke intervention.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sydnee L. Spruiell Eldridge, Jonathan F. K. Teetsel, Ray A. Torres, Christina H. Ulrich, Vrutant V. Shah, Devanshi Singh, Melissa J. Zamora, Steven Zamora, Amy K. Sater
Summary: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability worldwide, and effective therapies are currently lacking. This study investigates the response to focal impact injury in Xenopus tadpoles and demonstrates similarities to cellular alterations observed in other animal models. The Xenopus tadpole offers a new scalable vertebrate model for TBI research.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ghalya H. Banafea, Sherin Bakhashab, Huda F. Alshaibi, Peter Natesan Pushparaj, Mahmood Rasool
Summary: Mast cells play a crucial role in inflammatory diseases of the airway tract, releasing various mediators that contribute to immune cell accumulation and tissue remodeling.
Article
Immunology
Olga Krysko, Darya Korsakova, Andrea Teufelberger, Amse De Meyer, Jill Steels, Natalie De Ruyck, Judith van Ovost, Sharon Van Nevel, Gabriele Holtappels, Frauke Coppieters, Mikhail Ivanchenko, Harald Braun, Maria Vedunova, Dmitri V. V. Krysko, Claus Bachert
Summary: This study found that there are differences in the number and protease content of lung mast cells between C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, which may affect the processing of IL-33 and the inflammatory outcome of Alt-induced airway inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Tolulope E. Ayo, Pratikshya Adhikari, Hao Xu
Summary: The study reveals that maximal production of TNF in antigen-activated RBL-2H3 cells relies on the regulator of exocytic fusion, Munc13-4. It further demonstrates the involvement of various fusion catalysts in TNF production. The findings suggest that soluble TNF and TNFR1 act as autocrine agents and receptors respectively, promoting TNF proliferation during allergic inflammation.
CELLULAR SIGNALLING
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Esber S. Saba, Mona Karout, Leila Nasrallah, Firas Kobeissy, Hala Darwish, Samia J. Khoury
Summary: The study found that TBI leads to an increase in activated microglia, which is negatively correlated with spatial learning and memory abilities 35 days post-injury. The findings could help define therapeutic windows and improve patient outcomes.
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katie D. Hunter, Robert W. E. Crozier, Jessica L. Braun, Val A. Fajardo, Adam J. MacNeil
Summary: In this study, the role of SARCA in allergen-activated mast cells was characterized. Treatment with the SARCA activating compound, CDN1163, was found to attenuate early phase mast cell degranulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and secretion of IL-6, IL-13, and CCL3. These protective effects may be driven by the suppression of p38 MAPK signaling. These findings suggest that SARCA is an important regulator of the mast cell response to allergens and may have therapeutic potential in targeting allergic pathologies.
Article
Cell Biology
Nobuhiro Nakano, Jiro Kitaura
Summary: Mucosal mast cells (MMCs) in the intestinal mucosa play a crucial role in the development of IgE-mediated food allergies. Recent research has revealed that MMCs are distinct from connective tissue mast cells found in the skin and other tissues. The mechanism of MMC expansion and their cellular functions are not well understood. Research focusing on MMCs can provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of food allergies and advance their treatment.
Review
Immunology
Rosa Munoz-Cano, Clara San Bartolome, Rocio Casas-Saucedo, Giovanna Araujo, Sonia Gelis, Maria Ruano-Zaragoza, Jordi Roca-Ferrer, Francis Palomares, Margarita Martin, Joan Bartra, Mariona Pascal
Summary: Cofactors play a crucial role in exacerbating food allergic reactions, including exercise, NSAIDs, and alcohol. These cofactors may enhance allergic reactions by influencing basophils and mast cells activation. Although the mechanisms are not fully understood, exploring these factors could lead to the development of tailored treatments and preventive strategies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Rajen Dey, Biswadev Bishayi
Summary: Staphylococcus aureus-induced brain abscess is a critical health issue in developing countries, and traditional surgical intervention is not effective. This study explores the relationship between TLR-2 and GR as a potential alternative therapeutic strategy for brain abscess treatment. Results suggest that combination therapy of ciprofloxacin and dexamethasone significantly reduces bacterial burden and abscess area under TLR-2 blocking conditions, leading to improvements in behavioral impairments.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sabrina Bilotta, Julian Arbogast, Nadine Schart, Maurice Frei, Axel Lorentz
Summary: Resveratrol can prevent the increase of mast cells in allergic and inflammatory diseases in vivo, delay the onset of disease symptoms, and ameliorate tissue damage and inflammatory cell infiltration. In addition, it can inhibit degranulation of mast cells and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Radwa H. Lutfy, Sherine Abdel Salam, Haitham S. Mohammed, Marwa M. Shakweer, Amina E. Essawy
Summary: Insufficient sleep is associated with impaired hypothalamic activity and declined attentional performance. This study found that near-infrared (NIR) laser therapy can alleviate the effects of sleep deprivation on the hypothalamus, enhance antioxidant status, suppress neuroinflammation, and regulate cellular activity.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Durmus Ali Aslanlar, Emin Fatih Visneci, Mehmet Oz, K. Esra Nurullahoglu Atalik
Summary: Mood disorders caused by chemotherapy have become more important as cancer patients' survival increases. This study used methotrexate to induce mood disorders in rats and found that treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can alleviate anxiety and depression-like behaviors, increase antioxidant capacity, reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and regulate brain chemistry. The findings suggest that NAC treatment could be an effective strategy in revising the treatment for individuals suffering from chemotherapy-induced mood disorders.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Yunfan Zhang, Yunbin Zhang, Zhuangfei Chen, Ping Ren, Yu Fu
Summary: This study systematically investigated the effects of extremely low intensity HF-rTMS on cognition in mice and found that 40 Hz rTMS significantly impaired exploratory behavior and spatial memory at both 10 mT and 1 mT conditions. Additionally, 40 Hz stimulation had remarkably different effects on exploratory behavior depending on intensity, compared to 10 Hz stimulation.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xuan Xuan, Guangling Zheng, Wenjia Zhu, Qionghua Sun, Yawei Zeng, Juan Du, Xusheng Huang
Summary: This study examines the functional characteristics of the cerebellum in individuals with sALS and their correlation with clinical data. The results show changes in both local and global functional connectivity in the cerebellum of sALS patients, suggesting a pathophysiological role of the cerebellum in sALS.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Mehdi Rezaei, Mohammad Mahdi Shariat Bagheri
Summary: This study examined the efficacy of tDCS for PTSD and related symptoms, as well as the factors that may predict response to tDCS. The results showed that tDCS had a positive effect in reducing symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and anhedonia. The severity of symptoms at baseline may also predict the response to tDCS.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Huimin Wu, Yiqun Guo, Yaoyao Zhang, Le Zhao, Cheng Guo
Summary: Aggression can have serious consequences, but little is known about its personality and neurological origins in children. This study investigated the relationship between self-esteem, aggression, and brain structure in healthy children, and found that self-esteem was negatively associated with aggression. The study also revealed that increased cortical thickness in certain brain areas may be a potential mechanism linking low self-esteem to aggression in children.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xinmei Deng, Kexin Chen, Xiaoming Chen, Lin Zhang, Mingping Lin, Xiaoqing Li, Qiufeng Gao
Summary: Parental involvement affects the relationship and communication between parents and adolescents. This study found that high parental involvement is associated with stronger brain-to-brain synchrony during shared positive emotional experiences, while low parental involvement is associated with stronger synchrony during shared negative emotional experiences.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xin Deng, I. -Shuo Huang, Kourtlin Williams, Marcy L. Wainwright, Paul Zimba, Riccardo Mozzachiodi
Summary: Food deprivation can lead to neurological dysfunctions, including memory impairment. This study used Aplysia as an animal model to investigate the memory deficits caused by prolonged food deprivation. The results showed that 14 days of food deprivation decreased the level of 5-HT in the hemolymph, which contributed to the lack of sensitization and its cellular correlates. However, exogenous application of 5-HT partially induced sensitization in the food deprived animals.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Ihori Kobayashi, Patrick A. Forcelli
Summary: The study found that intervention with the dual orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant did not have the expected effects on extinction memory and sleep. Higher percentages of REM sleep were associated with poorer extinction memory recall and stronger fear responses. Additionally, the fear extinction training protocol used in this study did not lead to complete fear extinction.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Jiyan Xu, Xinlu Chen, Shuai Liu, Ziqi Wei, Minhui Xu, Linhao Jiang, Xue Han, Liangyu Peng, Xiaoping Gu, Tianjiao Xia
Summary: This study investigated the effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on oxidative stress and cognitive function in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) mice. The results showed that NMN pretreatment reduced oxidative stress damage and alleviated cognitive impairment in POCD mice.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Song Liu, Qiang Wu, Liyue Wang, Cong Xing, Junrui Guo, Baicao Li, Hongpeng Ma, Hao Zhong, Mi Zhou, Shibo Zhu, Rusen Zhu, Guangzhi Ning
Summary: In this study, a systematic assessment indicator was developed to objectively evaluate hindlimb motor function recovery in rats after thoracic contusion SCI. By screening CatWalk XT gait parameters and using exploratory factor analysis, 38 suitable parameters for assessing motor function were identified. A reliable Coordinated Function Index (CFI) was proposed based on these parameters and simplified for improved assessment efficacy.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Kyosuke Shiga, Shota Miyaguchi, Yasuto Inukai, Naofumi Otsuru, Hideaki Onishi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on microscale learning in implicit motor tasks. Contrary to expectations, the results showed that the stimulation protocol had no significant effects on microscale learning, revealing a novel aspect of microscale learning in implicit motor tasks.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Cahide Aslan, Rahime Aslankoc, Ozlem Ozmen, Buse Nur Suluk, Oguzhan Kavrik, Nurhan Gumral
Summary: This study examined the negative effects of high fructose corn syrup on prefrontal cortex damage in adolescent rats, as well as the protective role of vitamin D.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Matin Baghani, Arad Bolouri-Roudsari, Reyhaneh Askari, Abbas Haghparast
Summary: The study suggests that the orexinergic system in the dentate gyrus region of the brain may act as an endogenous pain control system and a potential target for treating stress-related disorders.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sen Zhou, Yang Liu, Binbin Xue, Peigen Yuan
Summary: This study confirmed that low-dose Esketamine alleviates LPS-induced depressive symptoms by regulating the GSK-3 beta/NLRP3 pathway. Appropriate doses of Esketamine are essential for the treatment of depression in the clinical setting.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2024)