Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jialiang S. Wang, Courtney M. Mazur, Marc N. Wein
Summary: The skeleton serves as an endocrine organ controlling mineral metabolism and energy homeostasis. Different bone cell types secrete factors that affect multiple target organs, with osteocalcin and sclerostin playing key roles.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takeshi Moriishi, Toshihisa Komori
Summary: Osteocytes connect with neighboring cells to form a network, and shear stress induced by fluid flow is an important mechanism for mechanoresponses. The lacunocanalicular structure differs between the compression and tension sides of cortical bone. Mice with impaired lacunocanalicular structure can be used to study the relationship between structure and mechanoresponses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Wenhao Lu, Wenfeng Xiao, Wenqing Xie, Xin Fu, Linyuan Pan, Hongfu Jin, Yongle Yu, Yi Zhang, Yusheng Li
Summary: Sarcopenia is an age-related disease that can lead to weakness, falls, and even death. Bone and muscle are now recognized as secretory endocrine organs, with their interaction potentially affecting each other's function. Muscle-derived factors and osteokines can regulate muscle and bone metabolism through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Hengfang Tang, Zhu Zhu, Zhiming Zheng, Han Wang, Chu Li, Li Wang, Genhai Zhao, Peng Wang
Summary: Hydrophobin-modified menaquinone-7 can promote osteoblast differentiation, inhibit osteoclast differentiation, and enhance the hydrophilicity of the menaquinone-7 surface. These findings suggest that hydrophobins can serve as an effective biomaterial for improving bone balance.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Hyeran Helen Jeon, Jessica Kang, Jiahui (Madelaine) Li, Douglas Kim, Gongsheng Yuan, Nicolette Almer, Min Liu, Shuying Yang
Summary: The effects of IFT80 deletion in osteocytes on orthodontic and physiological bone remodeling were investigated, and it was found that the deletion did not significantly impact these processes.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Masashi Honma, Yuki Ikebuchi, Hiroshi Suzuki
Summary: RANKL is biosynthesized as a transmembrane protein that plays a crucial role in inducing mature osteoclasts. Most RANKL in osteoblasts and osteocytes forms a complex with OPG before being transported to the cell surface. Further research is needed to understand how osteocytes deliver RANKL to osteoclast precursors in the bone marrow cavity.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhongcheng Liu, Yuchen Tang, Liangzhi He, Bin Geng, Fan Lu, Jinwen He, Qiong Yi, Xuening Liu, Kun Zhang, Lifu Wang, Yayi Xia, Jin Jiang
Summary: Piezo1-mediated fluid shear stress (FSS) promotes the expression of OPG and inhibits the expression of RANKL via NOTCH3 in MLO-Y4 osteocytes.
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Aseel Marahleh, Hideki Kitaura, Fumitoshi Ohori, Takahiro Noguchi, Yasuhiko Nara, Adya Pramusita, Ria Kinjo, Jinghan Ma, Kayoko Kanou, Itaru Mizoguchi
Summary: The study found that TNF-alpha can induce the expression of RANKL in osteocytes during OTM, which affects bone remodeling.
JOURNAL OF DENTAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xiaoying Liu, Bu B. Yeap, Kaye E. Brock, Itamar Levinger, Jonathan Golledge, Leon Flicker, Tara C. Brennan-Speranza
Summary: The study found that lower levels of serum ucOC and cOC, as well as %cOC, were associated with less favorable metabolic parameters and a higher risk of MetS. Conversely, a lower proportion of ucOC was linked to better metabolic parameters and reduced risk of MetS. Further research is needed to determine if ucOC and cOC are suitable biomarkers for cardiometabolic risk in men.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xiaoying Liu, Bu B. Yeap, Kaye E. Brock, Itamar Levinger, Jonathan Golledge, Leon Flicker, Tara C. Brennan-Speranza
Summary: The study demonstrated that lower levels of serum ucOC or cOC were associated with less favorable metabolic parameters and a higher risk of MetS, while a lower proportion of ucOC was associated with better metabolic parameters and lower MetS risk.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Su-Min Woo, Ngoc Anh Nguyen, Jeong-Eun Seon, Jin Jang, Su-Min Yee, Ngoc Tan Cao, Harim Choi, Chul-Ho Yun, Hyung-Sik Kang
Summary: This study investigated the anti-obesity effects of phloretin and its metabolite 3-OH phloretin in mice fed a high-fat diet. 3-OH phloretin was found to be more effective than phloretin in inhibiting weight gain, reducing fat accumulation, and suppressing inflammation. Furthermore, 3-OH phloretin showed potential in alleviating obesity-induced insulin resistance.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tess Dierckx, Sam Vanherle, Mansour Haidar, Elien Grajchen, Fleur Mingneau, Pascal Gervois, Esther Wolfs, Dany Bylemans, Arnout Voet, Tien Nguyen, Ibrahim Hamad, Markus Kleinewietfeld, Jeroen F. J. Bogie, Jerome J. A. Hendriks
Summary: This study reveals the reasons for the failure of remyelination, including the overly inflammatory microenvironment and the intrinsic inability of oligodendrocyte precursor cells to differentiate. The study also shows that phloretin can significantly promote remyelination by acting on the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma to promote the maturation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tommy W. Sutor, Jayachandra Kura, Alex J. Mattingly, Dana M. Otzel, Joshua F. Yarrow
Summary: Spinal cord injury causes paralysis and osteoporosis, increasing fracture risk. Physical rehabilitation regimens for patients with severe SCI have limited evidence in influencing bone metabolism or increasing bone mineral density.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mithlesh Kumar Temre, Ajay Kumar, Sukh Mahendra Singh
Summary: Neoplastic cells require a high supply of glucose, leading to a focus on inhibiting glucose transporters (GLUT) as an antineoplastic strategy. Pan-GLUT inhibitors can target multiple GLUT isoforms, but their action needs to be at low concentrations to avoid harming normal cells and vital organs. Combining GLUT inhibitors with chemotherapy drugs is also emerging as a potential approach.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kenneth Guangpu Yang, Elliott Goff, Ka-lo Cheng, Gisela A. Kuhn, Yujia Wang, Jack Chun-yiu Cheng, Yong Qiu, Ralph Muller, Wayne Yuk-wai Lee
Summary: The study aimed to validate abnormal osteocyte lacunar morphology in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) through a large-scale comparison of morphological features between AIS patients and controls in spine and ilium. Results showed that AIS patients had more oblate osteocyte lacunae in the iliac bone, which is less affected by asymmetric loading of the deformed spine, and the shape of osteocyte lacunae in the iliac bone was associated with the radiological Cobb angle in AIS patients. Osteocyte lacunae on the concave side of scoliotic curves were more stretched in both AIS and congenital scoliosis (CS) groups, likely due to asymmetric mechanical loading.