Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Benjamin Kinnear, Sally A. Santen, Matthew Kelleher, Abigail Martini, Sarah Ferris, Louito Edje, Eric J. Warm, Daniel J. Schumacher
Summary: As competency-based medical education has become prominent, little is known about the impact of competency-based time-variable training (CBTVT) on learners. This study explored how a CBTVT pilot program affected resident motivation, assessment, and feedback. The program had variable effects on residents' motivation and increased their engagement with and awareness of assessment. Participants became more aware of the quality of assessments and reported being more deliberate when assessing others. Future research should investigate interventions that promote mastery learning over performance.
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Cameron J. Gettel, Arjun K. Venkatesh
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted medical research, prompting mentors and mentees to consider including COVID-19 research in their portfolios and how to adapt to changes in research funding and opportunities brought about by the pandemic.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Magnus Palmblad
Summary: Future single-molecule sequencing technologies focus on sequencing individual peptides or protein molecules to uniquely identify human proteins based on the number and types of amino acids. Simulation results suggest that the optimal choice of reading N amino acids performs similarly to the average choice of N+1 amino acids, and the discrimination power of amino acids scales with their frequency in the proteome.
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Michael Heide, Wieland B. Huttner
Summary: The pathomechanisms leading to microcephaly in humans are only partially understood. In this article, molecular cell biologists and developmental neurobiologists provide a theoretical analysis of possible causes of microcephaly. They discuss the types of cells affected, such as cortical stem cells, progenitor cells, neurons, and macroglial cells. They support their theoretical considerations with examples of factual cases, highlighting the wide range of pathomechanisms that can lead to microcephaly in humans.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Jung G. Kim, Hector P. Rodriguez, Stephen M. Shortell, Bruce Fuller, Eric S. Holmboe, Diane R. Rittenhouse
Summary: Despite the importance of ambulatory care training in primary care residency programs, the study found that the percentage of time spent in ambulatory care by PGY-1 residents varies due to factors such as program size, funding sources, and patient populations. Larger ACGME-accredited family medicine and internal medicine programs, as well as those receiving federal THC GME funding, had more PGY-1 time spent in ambulatory care settings.
Review
Engineering, Biomedical
Dimitrios Tsiapalis, Dimitrios I. Zeugolis
Summary: This article discusses the impact of macromolecular crowding on biochemical reactions, processes, and functions both intracellularly and extracellularly, highlighting the early stage of appreciating and effectively implementing its potential in cell culture systems.
Article
Mathematics
Gerardo Alfonso Perez, Raquel Castillo
Summary: The mapping of categorical variables into numerical values is commonly used in machine learning classification problems. In this study, four assumptions about these mappings in protein classification using amino acid information were numerically tested. A proposed eigenvalue-based matrix representation was used for comparable mapping, which showed advantages and achieved an accuracy of 83.25% across 23 different machine learning algorithms. An optimization algorithm for selecting appropriate neural network neurons in protein classification achieved an accuracy of 85.02% with a quadratic penalty function to prevent overfitting.
Article
Education & Educational Research
Jose H. Vargas, Carrie L. Saetermoe, Gabriela Chavira
Summary: This article provides a theoretical and critical analysis of race-dysconscious mentorship involving students of color and white faculty, drawing on concepts such as ecological systems theory and critical race theory. It highlights the issues with traditional mentorship systems and calls for critical alternatives to address the pushout of students of color and lack of diversity in the scientific workforce. The analysis emphasizes the importance of developing race-consciousness and anti-racist faculty mentor training programs.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cyrill Slezak, Roland Rose, Julia M. Jilge, Robert Nuster, David Hercher, Paul Slezak
Summary: In vitro investigations on extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) often lack adequate descriptions of therapeutic acoustical pressure waves. In this study, we demonstrate the necessity of in-situ sound pressure measurements inside treated samples and provide recommendations for reproducible treatments. We also discuss the non-linear absorption behavior and boundary effects, which can serve as a guide in the absence of in-situ measurements. For microbiological investigations of ESWT, we offer actionable suggestions to improve experimental setups.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Elie Libbos, Elisa Krause, Arijit Banerjee, Philip T. Krein
Summary: This article proposes a generalized inverter design framework for a variable-pole induction machine, quantifying the advantages of pole changing and a high number of inverter legs. The framework is used to design an 18-leg drive that increases torque capability by a factor of 2.2 compared to a conventional design, showing reduced losses and dc-link capacitance. Variable-pole operation reduces combined machine and drive losses by up to 45% compared to a conventional three-leg drive.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Roger F. Paulo, Qi Cheng Zhang
Summary: This paper explores the origins of the liver and gallbladder channel theory by comparing the Hippocratic Corpus and the Huang Di Nei Jing. The study reveals theoretical parallels between the liver and gallbladder channels in these two traditions, deepening the understanding of the relationship between them.
JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Spiros Paramithiotis, Vasiliki Stasinou, Aikaterini Tzamourani, Yorgos Kotseridis, Maria Dimopoulou
Summary: The aim of this review is to explore and critically discuss malolactic fermentation (MLF) from both theoretical and practical perspectives, including its impact on microbial stability and sensory characteristics of wines, as well as practical issues accompanying MLF.
FERMENTATION-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Benjamin Bryden, Mariel Bryden, Jonathan Steer-Massaro, Sebaka Malope
Summary: Family medicine is a new and rapidly expanding medical discipline in Sub-Saharan Africa, especially in countries with low- and middle-income levels. The unique decentralized training model in Lesotho, where trainees are placed in rural district hospitals, has shown promise in developing the rural health workforce. This model has the potential to revolutionize the physician workforce and healthcare system in Lesotho and could serve as a blueprint for similar environments.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Optics
David M. Jacobs
Summary: This article introduces a long-distance relativistic effective theory describing hydrogenlike systems with arbitrary mass ratios, which is shown to be superior to the canonical nonrelativistic approach, and reveals nonlinear consistency relations within the bound-state QED level predictions.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Trinidad Valenzuela, Jeff S. Coombes, Teresa Liu-Ambrose, Yorgi Mavros, Nicole Kochan, Perminder S. Sachdev, Jeffrey Hausdorff, Emily C. Smith, Matthew Hollings, Tess C. Hawkins, Nicholas J. Ashley, Natan Feter, Guy C. Wilson, Isabel Hui En Shih, Yareni Guerrero, Jiyang Jiang, Wei Wen, Tom Bailey, Dorthe Stensvold, Ulrik Wisloff, Ryan S. Falck, Maria Fiatarone Singh
Summary: This article introduces a study on the effects of two different forms of exercise on the cognitive abilities of older adults with mild cognitive impairment. The results will contribute to the development of more effective evidence-based exercise prescription guidelines and investigate the benefits of HIIT and POWER on subclinical markers of disease.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Leslie Carstensen Floren, Amy Louise Pittenger, Olle ten Cate, David M. Irby
Summary: This paper describes the development and preliminary validity evidence for a Tool for Observing Construction of Knowledge in Interprofessional teams (TOCK-IP). The tool showed fair agreement among faculty raters and high agreement between raters' scores and consensus rating. Faculty supported the feasibility and utility of the tool.
JOURNAL OF INTERPROFESSIONAL CARE
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Lynnea M. Mills, Patricia S. O'Sullivan, Olle ten Cate, Christy Boscardin
Summary: Feedback orientation is a valuable concept to understand medical learners' attitudes toward feedback's role in their development. The study found that medical learners' overall feedback orientation remains mostly stable throughout their training, with utility being the highest domain and feedback self-efficacy being the lowest.
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Timo de Raad, Fraukje Wiersma, Luppo Kuilman, Olle ten Cate
Summary: This study investigates the use of EPAs among alumni of Master Physician Assistant programs in the Netherlands. The results show that 60% of respondents added new competencies and skills after graduation. EPA-trained PAs overwhelmingly support the continuous use of the EPA framework for decision-making after graduation.
JOURNAL OF CONTINUING EDUCATION IN THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Inge Pool, Saskia Hofstra, Marieke van der Horst, Olle ten Cate
Summary: Healthcare has become highly specialized, with specialists playing a crucial role in delivering high-quality care. However, this specialization has also led to fragmentation, with professionals often trained in separate postgraduate programs and facing challenges in collaboration. The concept of transdisciplinary entrustable professional activities (EPAs) has been proposed to enhance collaboration and flexibility in healthcare education. This paper discusses the practical and conceptual issues surrounding transdisciplinary EPAs and their potential impact on professional identity.
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Adrian Philipp Marty, Machelle Linsenmeyer, Brian George, John Q. Young, Jan Breckwoldt, Olle ten Cate
Summary: With the rise of competency-based medical education and workplace-based assessment, assessment methods have been extensively discussed. Direct observation and other sources of information have become standard in many clinical programs. Entrustable professional activities have become a central focus in clinical workplace assessment. The use of digital technology has rendered paper and pencil observation obsolete, and mobile technology has become indispensable for documentation and assessment at the point of care.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Susan Humphrey-Murto, Seung Ho Lee, Michael Gottlieb, Tanya Horsley, Bev Shea, Karine J. Fournier, Christopher Tran, Teresa Chan, Timothy Wood, Olle ten Cate
Summary: This study aims to explore the use of virtual NGT in research. The study will use literature review and online interviews to answer questions about the extent of virtual NGT usage, modifications made to accommodate the online format, and the advantages and disadvantages compared to face-to-face mode.
Article
Education & Educational Research
Olle ten Cate, Hilliard Jason
Summary: The history of medical education scholarship is often overlooked and the impact of non-active medical education researchers may be unknown. This paper discusses the contributions of Dr. Harmen Tiddens to Utrecht and Maastricht Universities, where he established an environment and support for influential work. As the founding Dean of Maastricht's new medical school, Dr. Tiddens facilitated educational principles that became exemplary internationally.
ADVANCES IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION
(2023)
Editorial Material
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Marije P. Hennus, Jennie B. Jarrett, David R. Taylor, Olle ten Cate
Summary: This article provides practical recommendations for developing Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs), including assembling a core team, building expertise, establishing a shared understanding of the purpose of EPAs, drafting preliminary EPAs, elaborating EPAs, using a framework of supervision, performing a structured quality check, using a Delphi approach for refinement and/or consensus, pilot testing EPAs, attuning EPAs to their feasibility in assessment, mapping EPAs to existing curriculum, and building a revision plan.
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Sabrina G. van Keulen, Timo de Raad, Paulien Raymakers-Janssen, Olle ten Cate, Marije P. Hennus
Summary: Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are major professional activities that individuals in a specific specialty must be able to perform without supervision to provide quality patient care. This study shows that non-physician team members have clear insights into the essential activities for pediatric intensive care physicians and their input can improve the clarity of EPA descriptions, which is crucial for patient safety and trainee development.
TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Daniel Nel, Eduard Jonas, Vanessa Burch, Amy Nel, Lydia Cairncross, Adnan Alseidi, Brian George, Olle ten Cate
Summary: This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the current use of EPAs in general surgery, and to guide surgeon-educators on implementing CBME. The review will include peer-reviewed journal publications and an extensive review of grey literature sources. The results will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentation at international conferences.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Terence Ma, Olle Ten Cate
Summary: This paper discusses a job activity framework called entrustable professional activities (EPAs) used in medical education, and explores its potential application in other industries to provide employers with information about a prospective employee's ability to perform required job activities.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION AND LEARNING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Leslie Carstensen Floren, Amy L. L. Pittenger, Ingeborg Wilting, David . M. Irby, Olle ten Cate
Summary: This study investigates workplace-based interactions between residents and pharmacists, finding differences between US and Dutch residents in their engagement with pharmacists and medication resources. While US residents reported positive impacts of informal interactions with pharmacists on their learning, Dutch residents did not confirm this. Designing training programs to include opportunities for interactions with pharmacists could potentially improve residents' informal workplace learning.
MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Olle ten Cate, Jennie B. Jarrett
Summary: Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) and entrustment decision making are becoming mainstream in competency-based education in the health professions. However, the issue arises whether students can have autonomy in practice without licensure. Graduating learners without experience of responsibility and reasonable autonomy may jeopardize patient safety after training. Programs need to find a balance between using EPAs and ensuring patient safety.
Article
Nursing
Inge A. Pool, Helma van Zundert, Olle ten Cate
Summary: EPAs are increasingly being used in nursing education for training and assessment purposes. The Dutch postgraduate nursing education landscape was redesign using EPAs through collaboration between training hospitals and education institutions.
INTERNATIONAL NURSING REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Marjel van Dam, Hanneke van Hamersvelt, Lisette Schoonhoven, Reinier G. G. Hoff, Olle ten Cate, Marije P. P. Hennus
Summary: This study aims to explore the nature, aspects, and key features of supervision under highly demanding circumstances among certified and redeployed healthcare professionals on COVID-19 ICUs. The study found that efforts should primarily focus on factors that are within a supervisor or trainee's span of control to ensure good clinical supervision.
MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE
(2023)