Review
Microbiology
Claire Maher, Karl A. Hassan
Summary: Gram-negative bacteria are resistant to antibiotics due to their cell envelope's permeability barrier. Understanding the role of different components in the envelope is crucial for developing new broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Article
Microbiology
Yuan Liu, Kangni Yang, Yuqian Jia, Jingru Shi, Ziwen Tong, Zhiqiang Wang
Summary: The study showed that thymine can effectively enhance the bactericidal activity of antibiotics against Gram-negative pathogens by activating bacterial metabolism and restoring susceptibility to antibiotics. This finding provides a universal strategy to overcome Gram-negative pathogens.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ishan Ghai
Summary: Gram-negative bacteria can resist antibiotics by altering the permeability of their outer membrane, which contains protein channels called porins or nanopores that allow the entry of hydrophilic compounds. To address the challenge of understanding membrane permeability, this assessment builds on previous research to comprehend the role of porins in antibiotic influx and investigate the bacterial response to membrane permeability. By expanding our knowledge of these mechanisms, novel approaches to mitigate antibiotic resistance can be developed.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Jaime E. Zlamal, Semen A. Leyn, Mallika Iyer, Marinela L. Elane, Nicholas A. Wong, James W. Wamsley, Maarten Vercruysse, Fernando Garcia-Alcalde, Andrei L. Osterman
Summary: Resistance to the broad-spectrum antibiotic ciprofloxacin is detected at high rates in various bacterial pathogens, with early resistance primarily caused by single mutations in DNA gyrase target genes. Further genetic alterations influence drug efflux mechanisms and secondary target genes, leading to increased resistance levels. The study highlights shared and unique evolutionary aspects across different species, providing insights for the development of novel antibiotics with reduced resistance tendencies.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
K. P. Romano, D. T. Hung
Summary: Gram-negative bacteria are a major threat to human health in the era of multi-drug resistant infections. Despite efforts to discover new antibiotics, no effective antibiotic target against gram-negative bacteria has been found since the carbapenems in 1985. This is due to the impermeable cell envelope and efflux pumps, which limit the accumulation of drugs. LPS biosynthesis and transport pathways are attractive targets for therapeutics.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Manon Lang, Andre Carvalho, Zeynep Baharoglu, Didier Mazel
Summary: This review aims to consolidate existing and recent knowledge about the uptake of aminoglycosides (AGs), explore the connection between AG-dependent bacterial stress and drug uptake, and present new strategies to enhance AG uptake for more efficient antibiotic therapies, with a focus on the connection between sugar transport and AG potentiation.
MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Yuvaneswary Veloo, Syahidiah S. A. Thahir, Sakshaleni Rajendiran, Lim K. Hock, Norazah Ahmad, Vickneshwaran Muthu, Rafiza Shaharudin
Summary: The indiscriminate use of antibiotics in poultry farming has led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in poultry products and the surrounding environment. This study found high rates of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in the environment of poultry farms, with some strains exhibiting resistance to multiple antibiotics. The presence of these bacteria poses a significant threat to the effectiveness of available antibiotics in treating infectious diseases. Efforts to regulate antibiotic use and conduct research on One Health issues are necessary to combat and prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Shannon M. Collins, Angela C. Brown
Summary: Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) play key roles in pathogenesis by delivering biomolecules to host cells, while also facilitating intra-bacterial communication processes, making them promising antibiotic delivery vehicles.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Inga V. Leus, Justyna Adamiak, Brinda Chandar, Vincent Bonifay, Shibin Zhao, Scott S. Walker, Brian Squadroni, Carl J. Balibar, Nihar Kinarivala, Lisa C. Standke, Henning U. Voss, Derek S. Tan, Valentin V. Rybenkov, Helen I. Zgurskaya
Summary: Gram-negative bacteria are more resistant to antibiotics due to their outer membrane and efflux pumps. Different Gram-negative pathogens have different permeability barriers and mechanisms for antibiotics penetration. Two methods, comparing antibacterial activities and measuring intracellular concentrations, are used to analyze the effect of permeability barriers on antibiotics. However, there is no quantitative agreement between these assays. The three pathogens analyzed in this study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii, have different permeability barriers, with the outer membrane playing a dominant role in E. coli and P. aeruginosa, while efflux dominates in A. baumannii. Additionally, compounds of the same chemotype may use different permeation pathways depending on small chemical modifications.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Albebson L. Lim, Bailey W. Miller, Zhenjian Lin, Mark A. Fisher, Louis R. Barrows, Margo G. Haygood, Eric W. Schmidt
Summary: Turnercyclamycin A and B exhibit Gram-negative bacteria-specific toxicity, remaining active against colistin resistant clinical isolates. Turnercyclamycin A shows lower resistance compared to Turnercyclamycin B. The unique resistance profile and potential promise in treating drug-resistant infections make Turnercyclamycins a valuable compound class.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jinane Tabcheh, Julia Vergalli, Anne Davin-Regli, Noha Ghanem, Jean-Marie Pages, Charbel Al-Bayssari, Jean Michel Brunel
Summary: Antibiotic resistance is increasing morbidity and mortality for non-curable infectious diseases. Novel strategies, such as effective antibiotic combinations and antibiotics with non-antibiotic activity-enhancing compounds, have emerged to combat multidrug-resistant microorganisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Nityanand Jain, Inese Jansone, Tatjana Obidenova, Raimonds Simanis, Janis Meisters, Dagnija Straupmane, Aigars Reinis
Summary: This study conducted a retrospective analysis of microbiological data from a large public hospital in Latvia from 2017 to 2020, investigating antimicrobial resistance trends for 19 gram-negative bacterial genera. It found that carbapenems were most effective against GNBs while some bacteria showed significant increases in resistance rates against certain antibiotics. Despite lower prescription levels of penicillin group antimicrobials compared to the European average, GNBs exhibited high average resistant rates, indicating the role of ESBL+ isolates in resistance rates. Constant vigilance and proper infection control measures are necessary to track emerging trends in AMR in GNBs.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Francesca Paola Nocera, Monica Ambrosio, Filomena Fiorito, Laura Cortese, Luisa De Martino
Summary: The study found that Staphylococcus and Gram-negative bacteria are the most common pathogens in skin infections of small animals, and the increasing prevalence of multi-drug-resistant strains is a concerning trend. This spread is not only significant in veterinary medicine but also has implications for zoonotic diseases.
Article
Immunology
Katherine E. Goodman, Jonathan D. Baghdadi, Laurence S. Magder, Emily L. Heil, Mark Sutherland, Ryan Dillon, Laura Puzniak, Pranita D. Tamma, Anthony D. Harris
Summary: There is significant variability in the use of empiric gram-negative antibiotics among hospitalized adults in the United States, with potential disparities based on sex and race.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Meera Varghese, Manoj Balachandran
Summary: CDs, known for their nontoxic characteristics and inherent antibacterial potency, have gained significant attention as potential alternative antibiotics due to the increasing antibiotic resistance of bacterial strains. The light-driven antibacterial action of CDs is safe and effective with minimal side effects, and their direct interaction with bacterial cells contributes to their overall antibacterial activity. The unique and complex mechanisms of antibacterial activity of CDs involve ROS generation, degeneration of cell structure, and cytoplasm leakage, among other factors, providing insights for significant future research in this area.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shashank Ghai, Ishan Ghai, Gerd Schmitz, Alfred O. Effenberg
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shashank Ghai, Gerd Schmitz, Tong-Hun Hwang, Alfred O. Effenberg
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2019)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Shashank Ghai, Ishan Ghai
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2019)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Shashank Ghai, Ishan Ghai
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2019)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shashank Ghai, Antonio Nardone, Marco Schieppati
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ursula Fehse, Gerd Schmitz, Daniela Hartwig, Shashank Ghai, Heike Brock, Alfred O. Effenberg
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2020)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Shashank Ghai, Mireille Hakim, Elizabeth Dannenbaum, Anouk Lamontagne
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2019)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shashank Ghai, Ishan Ghai, Anouk Lamontagne
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Shashank Ghai, Fabien Dal Maso, Tatiana Ogourtsova, Alba-Xifra Porxas, Myriam Villeneuve, Virginia Penhune, Marie-Helene Boudrias, Sylvain Baillet, Anouk Lamontagne
Summary: Music-supported therapy (MST) has been shown to enhance motor recovery post-stroke by strengthening auditory-motor functional connectivity in the brain. This case series evaluated changes in connectivity within the auditory-motor network and upper extremity function following a 3-week intensive piano training in two stroke survivors with different levels of motor impairment. The study found that post-training increases in clinical measures were accompanied by enhancements in connectivity between auditory and motor network nodes, especially in the affected hemisphere. These neurophysiological changes suggest a potential path for larger clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of MST in stroke rehabilitation.
Review
Pediatrics
Shashank Ghai, Elisabeth Kasilingam, Roberta Lanzillo, Masa Malenica, Vincent van Pesch, Niamh Caitlin Burke, Antonio Carotenuto, Rebecca Maguire
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review to evaluate the needs and experiences of pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and their caregivers. Findings indicated that MS negatively impacted various aspects of patients' lives, with fatigue and social support being key factors. Caregivers also experienced negative impacts on social functioning, mental health, and quality of life, highlighting the need for psychological and social support.
Review
Pediatrics
Shashank Ghai, Ishan Ghai, Susanne Narciss
Summary: In the past decade, there has been increased interest in using auditory stimulation to manage gait and postural deficits in individuals with cerebral palsy. Existing reviews have reported beneficial effects of auditory stimulation on gait parameters, but there are limitations that need to be addressed. In this study, the researchers conducted meta-analyses to establish the evidence for the influence of auditory stimulation on gait and postural outcomes in people with cerebral palsy. They found significant enhancements in gait speed, stride length, cadence, and gross motor function with auditory stimulation compared to conventional physiotherapy.
Review
Neurosciences
Shashank Ghai
Summary: There is limited knowledge about the effects of music therapy-based auditory stimulation (MT) on gait outcomes in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) or spinal cord injury (SCI). This meta-analysis found that MT has positive medium effect improvements on spatiotemporal aspects of gait in individuals with TBI (Hedge's g: 0.52) and SCI (0.53). Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which MT may influence gait and determine the optimal parameters for its use.
Article
Neurosciences
Stefania Sozzi, Shashank Ghai, Marco Schieppati
Summary: This study highlights the importance of recording ground reaction force (GRF) during upright stance and investigates its relationship with body sway. Results show that GRF can be decomposed into vertical (VGRF) and horizontal (HGRF) vectors, and there are differences in the frequencies of VGRF, HGRF, and CoP, indicating that the magnitude of forces determines body sway.
Editorial Material
Pediatrics
Shashank Ghai
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shashank Ghai, Ishan Ghai
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2019)