Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Jiaqin Liu, Xiaofang Wang, Yin Hu, Lizhu Luo, Chunli Jiang, Fan Liu, Wei Jin, Kangwei Zhu, Zhong Long, Kezhao Liu
Summary: Surface modification technologies have been used to improve the mechanical properties of Ti and its alloys. In this study, the influence of different H2/(N2 + H2) ratio on the microstructure of Ti specimens nitrided by cathodic cage plasma nitriding (CCPN) was investigated. It was found that the compound layer thickness and surface hardness increased with the introduction of H2, but the tensile properties were deteriorated due to the generation of titanium hydride during nitriding process.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
M. Naeem, A. V. R. Torres, P. L. C. Serra, R. M. Moncao, C. A. Antonia Junior, L. S. Rossino, T. H. C. Costa, C. L. S. C. Costa, Javed Iqbal, R. R. M. Sousa
Summary: This study investigates the improvement of surface properties of AISI-1045 steel through the combination of cathodic cage plasma nitriding and conventional plasma nitriding, which involves the deposition of alloying elements and subsequent nitrogen diffusion to enhance coating adhesion and hardness gradient formation. The results show significant enhancement in hardness and wear resistance, making this duplex treatment method effective for industrial applications.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Luiz Henrique Portela de Abreu, Muhammad Naeem, Renan Matos Moncao, Thercio H. C. Costa, Juan C. Diaz-Guillen, Javed Iqbal, Romulo Ribeiro Magalhaes Sousa
Summary: This study combines conventional plasma nitriding and cathodic cage plasma deposition to enhance the surface properties of AISI-M2 steel. The combination effectively improves surface hardness and creates a favorable hardness gradient towards the core, benefiting load-bearing capacity. Duplex-treated samples exhibit iron nitrides and titanium nitride phases. The wear rate and friction coefficient are significantly reduced, and oxidative wear and adhesive wear mechanisms dominate.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Mirza Z. Babur, Aiyah S. Noori, Zafar Iqbal, Muhammad Shafiq, Muhammad Asghar, Abdulaziz H. Alghtani, Vineet Tirth, Ali Algahtani, Abid Zaman
Summary: Compared to other types of stainless steels, ferritic stainless steels have lower hardness and wear resistance but excellent corrosion resistance. The use of titanium nitride coating can enhance the tribological properties of ferritic stainless steels, increasing hardness and reducing wear rate.
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
M. Naeem, V. C. Fortaleza, P. L. C. Serra, C. L. Lima, T. H. C. Costa, R. R. M. Sousa, J. C. Diaz-Guillen, S. Mancillas-Salas, Javed Iqbal
Summary: This study synthesized a molybdenum oxide coating using cathodic cage plasma deposition, evaluated cathodic and floating potentials treatment, and investigated the structural and wear properties of coated AISI 316 samples. The results showed that the coating produced with floating potential treatment exhibited better wear resistance and friction coefficient, making it suitable for use as a solid lubricant in tribological applications.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Francisco Rafael Campos de Macedo, Romulo Ribeiro Magalhaes de Sousa, Jose Wellinton Nogueira Jr, Cleanio Luz-Lima, Maxwell Santana Liborio, Anderson de Oliveira Lobo, Vladimir Jesus Trava-Airoldi, Fernanda Roberto Marciano, Michelle Cequeira Feitor, Thercio Henrique de Carvalho Costa, Rubens Maribondo do Nascimento
Summary: Plasma nitriding is widely used to improve material properties, but it often leads to nonuniformity. Cathodic cage plasma nitriding (CCPN) eliminates defects and a duplex treatment of CCPN and TiN deposition is used on SINTER30 tool steel for the first time. Vickers microhardness tests and other characterization methods show that TiN post-coating achieves higher surface hardness and all groups exhibit increased microhardness compared to untreated substrates. The prior plasma nitriding treatment enhances substrate surface hardening, and the best condition is simultaneous duplex treatment with the sample inside the titanium cage. Suitable TiN layers improve film adhesion, correlated to load-bearing capacity.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
M. Naeem, Shabana Awan, M. Shafiq, H. A. Raza, Javed Iqbal, J. C. Diaz-Guillen, R. R. M. Sousa, Mohsan Jelani, M. Abrar
Summary: The study aims to improve the surface properties of AISI-304 austenite stainless steel by combining cathodic cage plasma nitriding (CCPN) and PVD-TiN treatments, which significantly enhances hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Yang Li, Yongjie Bi, Minyi Zhang, Shangzhou Zhang, Xuepeng Gao, Zhehao Zhang, Yongyong He
Summary: The study found that samples treated with HCPSN had better chemical composition and corrosion resistance than those treated with CPN, indicating that the mechanism of HCPSN treatment conforms to the 'sputtering-deposition-adsorption-diffusion' model.
SURFACE ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
W. Nogueira Junior, M. Naeem, T. H. C. Costa, J. C. Diaz-Guillen, M. R. Diaz-Guillen, Javed Iqbal, Mohsan Jelani, R. R. M. Sousa
Summary: The ZnO film synthesized using the CCPD technique can effectively enhance the wear resistance of steels, change the wear mechanism, and optimize surface hardness. The gas composition significantly affects the film properties, where an increase in hydrogen content reduces film thickness.
MATERIALS RESEARCH EXPRESS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. Naeem, V. C. Fortaleza, P. L. C. Serra, C. L. Lima, T. H. C. Costa, R. R. M. Sousa, J. C. Diaz-Guillen, Javed Iqbal
Summary: This study demonstrates that coating MoO3 through CCPD can enhance tribological features and act as a solid lubricant coating. The CCPD system shows high deposition efficiency, no need for complicated equipment, uniform deposition film, low processing temperature and rough vacuum required, and compatibility with industry, making it effective for fulfilling industrial needs.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bruna C. E. Schibicheski Kurelo, Gelson Biscaia De Souza, Silvio Luiz Rutz Da Silva, Carlos Mauricio Lepienski, Clodomiro Alves Junior, Rafael Fillus Chuproski, Giuseppe Pintaude
Summary: Two surface modification techniques, glow discharge plasma nitriding (GDPN) and cathodic cage plasma nitriding (CCPN), were compared for the mechanical and tribological behavior of layers produced on AISI 316 stainless-steel surfaces. GDPN resulted in stratified modified surfaces with temperature-dependent composition, while CCPN produced well-defined dual-layers. GDPN at 400°C demonstrated the best tribo-mechanical performance, while CCPN provided superior surface finishing for application purposes.
Article
Physics, Applied
Muhammad Yousaf, Tahir Iqbal
Summary: In this study, different gas compositions were used to deposit an oxynitride coating on a nickel-titanium metallic substrate, and the influence on surface morphology, chemical composition, and crystal structure was investigated. The titanium oxynitride coating in NT3 samples showed excellent corrosion resistance and barrier against nickel ion leakage in a corrosive environment.
PLASMA PROCESSES AND POLYMERS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mirza Zaheer Babur, Zafar Iqbal, Muhammad Shafiq, Muhammad Y. Naz, Mohamed M. Makhlouf
Summary: The poor mechanical properties of AISI 201 stainless steel under harsh environment limit its applications in modern industries. Various technologies are being explored to reduce wear and tear, but the optimal method is still under development. This study introduced a novel duplex surface coating method to develop anti-wear and anti-corrosive TiN-coating over AISI 201 stainless steel, significantly improving its mechanical qualities.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
T. Bergelt, P. Landgraf, T. Grund, G. Braeuer, T. Lampke
Summary: Nitriding is a common method to improve the surface properties of steels. This study aims to numerically describe a plasma-nitriding process for high-alloy tool steel and nitriding steel, and predict the resulting layer thickness and nitrogen distribution. The results show that the nitriding zone increases with temperature and time, and areas with carbides have lower layer thicknesses.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Kai Wen, Chengwei Zhang, Yan Gao
Summary: The influence of gas pressure on the plasma nitriding process of surface nanocrystalline TC4 titanium alloy prepared by shot peening was investigated in this study. The results showed that appropriate gas pressure during nitriding could lead to a thicker nitriding layer and higher hardness. Additionally, the gas pressure was found to affect the formation and migration of active nitride particles.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
M. Naeem, V. C. Fortaleza, P. L. C. Serra, C. L. Lima, T. H. C. Costa, R. R. M. Sousa, J. C. Diaz-Guillen, S. Mancillas-Salas, Javed Iqbal
Summary: This study synthesized a molybdenum oxide coating using cathodic cage plasma deposition, evaluated cathodic and floating potentials treatment, and investigated the structural and wear properties of coated AISI 316 samples. The results showed that the coating produced with floating potential treatment exhibited better wear resistance and friction coefficient, making it suitable for use as a solid lubricant in tribological applications.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
J. C. A. Queiroz, M. Naeem, J. B. A. Filho, M. S. Liborio, E. J. C. Santos, M. C. Feitor, R. R. M. Sousa, T. H. C. Costa, K. H. Khan
Summary: Transparent conductive oxide films of aluminum-doped zinc oxide were successfully deposited using hollow-cathode glow discharge with Al2O3 and ZnO powders as target materials. By varying the ratio of argon and oxygen gases, the films exhibited different optical and electrical properties, with the best performance achieved at 25% oxygen content. This cost-effective technique shows promise for applications in solar cells and optoelectronics.
JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. Y. Naz, S. Shukrullah, M. Noman, M. Yaseen, M. Naeem, S. A. Sulaiman
Summary: This study investigated the wear performance of carbon steel coupons in polymer-sand-water slurry by varying the slurry viscosity. It was found that with the increase in viscosity, the erosion rate and microhardness decreased.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Zakaulislam Mujahid, Mohammed D. Y. Oteef, Xin Tu, Julian Schulze
Summary: This study qualitatively investigated the influence of applied voltage on the locations of chemical reactions in packed-bed plasma reactors. By using regularly arranged hemispherical pellets and a transparent electrode, the plasma generation within the voids became optically accessible, revealing that the distribution of plasma emission changes with the applied voltage amplitude. The analysis suggested that short-living species like energetic electrons and radicals might play an essential role in the formation of deposited chemicals on the glass beads.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
J. C. A. de Queiroz, M. Naeem, J. B. A. Filho, M. S. Liborio, M. G. O. Queiroz, R. R. M. Sousa, E. B. Melo, Michelle Feitor, T. H. C. Costa
Summary: In this study, ZnO/ZnAl2O4/Zn2TiO4 composite nanostructured thin films were deposited using hollow-cathode glow discharge (HCD) technique. The film properties and elemental composition can be tuned by changing the gas composition without the need for specific metallic targets, showing good optical and electrical properties.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
N. Ullah, M. Naeem, M. Shafiq, Z. Mujahid, J. C. Diaz-Guillen, C. M. Lopez-Badillo, M. Zakaullah
Summary: This study investigated the influence of methane concentration on the surface properties of nitrocarburized AISI-304, revealing that methane addition can improve load-bearing capacity and have an impact on the XRD pattern, thickness of N-enriched and C-enriched layers. Additionally, the corrosion rate also exhibited a non-monotonic response to the methane fraction.
APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Physics, Condensed Matter
J. C. A. Queiroz, M. Naeem, I. A. Sousa, M. S. Liborio, E. J. C. Santos, R. R. M. Sousa, I. O. Nascimento, M. C. Feitor, T. H. C. Costa, Javed Iqbal
Summary: Transparent conducting oxides (TCO), such as ZnO/Zn2TiO4/ZnAl2O4 composite films, are important for optoelectronic applications. This study used DC magnetron sputtering with ceramic target material to fabricate composite films and evaluated the effects of processing gases composition on film characteristics. The results showed that oxygen addition influenced the structural, optical, and electronic properties of the films.
PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Uzair Ahmed, Mohsan Jelani, Najam Ul Hassan, Muhammad Naeem, Tahir Zaman, Shahbaz Ahmad
Summary: This study investigates the cluster dynamics of gold and copper ions in a low energy range through bombardment of gold and copper targets with low energy cesium ions. The results show that the sputtering behavior of copper remains constant, while the cluster sputtering probability of gold clusters slightly increases with an increase in incident ion energy.
SURFACE REVIEW AND LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
M. Naeem, Shabana Awan, M. Shafiq, H. A. Raza, Javed Iqbal, J. C. Diaz-Guillen, R. R. M. Sousa, Mohsan Jelani, M. Abrar
Summary: The study aims to improve the surface properties of AISI-304 austenite stainless steel by combining cathodic cage plasma nitriding (CCPN) and PVD-TiN treatments, which significantly enhances hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Armystron G. F. Araujo, M. Naeem, Luciane N. M. Araujo, Maxwell S. Liborio, Miguel R. Danelon, Renan M. Moncao, Luciana S. Rossino, Michelle C. Feitor, Rubens M. do Nascimento, Thercio H. C. Costa, Romulo R. M. Sousa
Summary: The study aimed to enhance the hardness and wear resistance of AISI 5160 steel by performing plasma nitriding with Hastelloy's cathodic cage followed by conventional plasma nitriding. The treated samples and cutting tools showed improved wear resistance compared to untreated samples and high-speed steel tools.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
I. O. Nascimento, M. Naeem, R. S. Freitas, R. M. Nascimento, B. C. Viana, R. R. M. Sousa, M. C. Feitor, Javed Iqbal, T. H. C. Costa
Summary: This study compares the structural and stoichiometric properties of titanium nitride films deposited by CCPD and MS, finding that MS is more suitable for high stoichiometry films, while CCPD is better for applications requiring mechanical properties and decorative coatings.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Luiz Henrique Portela de Abreu, Muhammad Naeem, Renan Matos Moncao, Thercio H. C. Costa, Juan C. Diaz-Guillen, Javed Iqbal, Romulo Ribeiro Magalhaes Sousa
Summary: This study combines conventional plasma nitriding and cathodic cage plasma deposition to enhance the surface properties of AISI-M2 steel. The combination effectively improves surface hardness and creates a favorable hardness gradient towards the core, benefiting load-bearing capacity. Duplex-treated samples exhibit iron nitrides and titanium nitride phases. The wear rate and friction coefficient are significantly reduced, and oxidative wear and adhesive wear mechanisms dominate.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
M. Naeem, A. V. R. Torres, P. L. C. Serra, R. M. Moncao, C. A. Antonia Junior, L. S. Rossino, T. H. C. Costa, C. L. S. C. Costa, Javed Iqbal, R. R. M. Sousa
Summary: This study investigates the improvement of surface properties of AISI-1045 steel through the combination of cathodic cage plasma nitriding and conventional plasma nitriding, which involves the deposition of alloying elements and subsequent nitrogen diffusion to enhance coating adhesion and hardness gradient formation. The results show significant enhancement in hardness and wear resistance, making this duplex treatment method effective for industrial applications.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
M. Naeem, J. C. Diaz-Guillen, Ayesha Khalid, I Guzman-Flores, R. Munoz-Arroyo, Javed Iqbal, R. R. M. Sousa
Summary: In this study, high-temperature plasma nitriding was used to improve the surface hardness and wear resistance of AISI-1045 steel. Post-oxidation treatment was applied to the nitrided samples to investigate its effect. The results showed that the nitrided sample had a white layer, while post-oxidation transformed it into hematite and magnetite phases. The hardness of the nitrided samples significantly increased, although post-oxidation caused a slight decrease. The thickness of the nitrided layer and oxide layer increased with post-oxidation treatment. The nitrided sample exhibited abrasive wear, while the post-oxidized sample showed outstanding wear resistance with an adhesive wear mechanism.
TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
J. F. M. Neto, M. Naeem, T. H. C. Costa, L. L. F. Lima, R. R. M. Sousa, M. C. Feitor, M. S. Liborio, R. M. Nascimento
Summary: In this study, a modified cathodic cage plasma deposition (CCPD) system was used to synthesize a Ti-Nb-C-N-based composite coating on AISI-4340 steel. The composite coating exhibits enhanced hardness and wear resistance due to its effective bioactivity. By inserting composite material rings on the lid of the cathodic cage, the novel CCPD system allows for the deposition of composite coatings. The results show that the modified CCPD system can improve the hardness and wear resistance of AISI-4340 steel by synthesizing the composite coating.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
