Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kunyi Zhao, Hao Pang, Kaidi Shao, Zizhen Yang, Shangyong Li, Ningning He
Summary: Gut inflammation, with increasing incidence, significantly impacts patients' quality of life. Current treatment methods, such as surgery and drugs, may cause irreversible damage, particularly in infants. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), as natural components in breast milk, serve as probiotics in the treatment and prevention of gut inflammation. They improve gut microbiota abundance, enhance the gut barrier function, and reduce inflammatory reactions. Functional oligosaccharides are being explored as substitutes for HMOs due to their complex synthesis and high cost. This review summarizes the therapeutic and preventive effects of HMOs and their potential application in replacing breast milk for infants.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jian Tan, Duan Ni, Rosilene Ribeiro, Gabriela Pinget, Laurence Macia
Summary: Cell survival, proliferation, and function require energy from different metabolic pathways. Immune cells adapt their energy production to specific functions, affected by different metabolic pathways. Diet composition influences immune responses, particularly in the gut, where gut microbiota metabolites impact immune cell activity.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Zhengjun Xie, Meng Li, Mengqi Qian, Zhiren Yang, Xinyan Han
Summary: This study aims to explore the effects of co-cultures from Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus subtilis on the intestinal mucosal barrier. The results showed that FAM supplementation can increase body weight, reduce diarrhea incidence, alleviate mucosal damage, and increase the levels of tight junction proteins, serum diamine oxidase, and antimicrobial peptides. In addition, FAM supplementation also affects the composition of gut microbiota, increases the levels of beneficial bacteria and short-chain fatty acids, and enhances immune cell and SIgA production. FAM has great potential in promoting gut health.
Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Monica Yadav, Ayushi Kapoor, Aparna Verma, Kiran Ambatipudi
Summary: Human milk plays a crucial role in controlling the microbial composition of infants' gut. The milk fat globule membrane, membrane proteins, and phospholipids all contribute to the modulation of gut microbiota. Commensal bacteria and oligosaccharides promote the colonization and proliferation of beneficial microorganisms. Milk extracellular vesicles also influence the microbiota composition, although further exploration is needed.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Cristina Iribarren, Maria K. Magnusson, Louise K. Vigsnaes, Imran Aziz, Ingvild Dybdrodt Amundsen, Tanja Suligoj, Nathalie Juge, Piyush Patel, Maria Sapnara, Lea Johnsen, Nikolaj Sorensen, Johanna Sundin, Hans Toernblom, Magnus Simren, Lena Oehman
Summary: This study showed that supplementation with 2’FL/LNnT can alter the gut microbiota, fecal and plasma metabolite profiles in IBS patients. The increase in bifidobacteria abundance was associated with these changes, while there was no effect on the host mucosal response.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Guus A. M. Kortman, Harro M. Timmerman, Anne Schaafsma, Eline Stoutjesdijk, Frits A. J. Muskiet, Nguyen V. Nhien, Els van Hoffen, Jos Boekhorst, Arjen Nauta
Summary: This observational study revealed differences in breast milk and infant gut microbiota composition among five geographical regions in Vietnam, most likely due to maternal nutrition. Therefore, there could be opportunities to steer infant microbiota development in a more desired (rural instead of urban) direction through the mother's diet.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Gaelle Boudry, Elise Charton, Isabell Le Huerou-Luron, Stephanie Ferret-Bernard, Sophie Le Gall, Sergine Even, Sophie Blat
Summary: The assembly of gut microbiota in newborns during the first months of life is a coordinated process influenced by early bacterial colonization, environmental factors, and maternal diet. Breastfeeding plays a crucial role in shaping a healthy microbiota in infants, with human milk composition impacting the establishment of gut microbiota. Understanding these mechanisms can provide opportunities for programming health through microbiota modulation in early life.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Bin Zhang, Long-Qing Li, Feitong Liu, Jian-Yong Wu
Summary: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are crucial for the development of infant gut microbiota, epithelial barrier, and immune function. The deficiency of HMOs in bovine milk-based infant formula is a major cause of immune disorders in formula-fed infants. Current research focuses on the structure, mechanisms, and effects of HMOs on infant gut microbiota and immune function.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2022)
Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Tao Zhang, Miaomiao Hu, Mengli Li, Chenchen Li, Ming Miao
Summary: The primary active components of breast milk are human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which provide many benefits to infants, including regulating their metabolism, immune system, and brain development. Recent studies have shown that HMOs function as prebiotics, promoting the growth of beneficial gut bacteria and producing short-chain fatty acids crucial for infant development. Additionally, HMOs can directly reduce the occurrence of diseases by preventing pathogen infection.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Leonie Jane Kiely, Kizkitza Busca, Jonathan A. Lane, Douwe van Sinderen, Rita M. Hickey
Summary: The abundance of certain bacteria in the feces of breast-fed infants is due to their ability to metabolize human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). HMOs are complex sugars that reach the infant's intestine intact and serve as a fermentable substrate for specific intestinal microbes. These microbes possess the genes and enzymes necessary for HMO degradation. The degraded HMOs can also be utilized by other gut bacteria.
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Yuling Guo, Yujia Liu, Binqi Rui, Zengjie Lei, Xixi Ning, Yinhui Liu, Ming Li
Summary: The human gastrointestinal tract contains a large number of microorganisms that are involved in various physiological functions. Imbalance in the gut microbiota is closely related to the pathogenesis of several human diseases. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), including NK cells, ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s, and LTi cells, are a type of immune cells enriched in mucosal tissues and have gained extensive attention. The gut microbiota and its metabolites play important roles in intestinal mucosal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), allergic disease, and cancer. Therefore, studying the interaction between ILCs and the gut microbiota has great clinical significance in identifying potential pharmacotherapy targets for related diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Shunhao Zhang, Tianle Li, Jing Xie, Demao Zhang, Caixia Pi, Lingyun Zhou, Wenbin Yang
Summary: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in human milk play a crucial role in infant growth and health by interacting with the gut microbiota to support beneficial bacteria growth, exhibit anti-pathogenic effects, and modulate intestinal epithelial cell response. Recent studies have shown the potential of HMOs in improving infant health and reducing disease risk, emphasizing the molecular basis of their beneficial effects.
MICROBIAL CELL FACTORIES
(2021)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Liuting Wu, Zhiru Tang, Huiyuan Chen, Zhongxiang Ren, Qi Ding, Kaiyang Liang, Zhihong Sun
Summary: The interaction between intestinal microbiota and protein/amino acid metabolism plays a crucial role in host mucosal immunity and health.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marit Zuurveld, Veronica Ayechu-Muruzabal, Gert Folkerts, Johan Garssen, Belinda Van't Land, Linette E. M. Willemsen
Summary: Proper early-life immune development is crucial for a healthy immune system. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS) have immunomodulatory properties that are essential for neonatal immune maturation. In this study, five HMOS present in human milk were studied for their effects on the immune system. The results showed that 2'FL and 3FL had the most pronounced immunomodulatory effects, enhancing the secretion of key immune mediators.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yushuang Wang, Xiaolei Ze, Binqi Rui, Xinke Li, Nina Zeng, Jieli Yuan, Wenzhe Li, Jingyu Yan, Ming Li
Summary: Breast milk components containing sialic acids promote the growth of beneficial gut microbiota in infants, improving intestinal health and immune function. They also possess antiviral and bacteriostatic properties, preventing the adhesion of pathogens in the intestinal mucosa of newborns.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Allergy
Stefanie Gilles, Cornelia Blume, Maria Wimmer, Athanasios Damialis, Laura Meulenbroek, Mehmet Goekkaya, Carolin Bergougnan, Selina Eisenbart, Nicklas Sundell, Magnus Lindh, Lars-Magnus Andersson, Aslog Dahl, Adam Chaker, Franziska Kolek, Sabrina Wagner, Avidan U. Neumann, Cezmi A. Akdis, Johan Garssen, Johan Westin, Belinda van't Land, Donna E. Davies, Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
Article
Immunology
Berthe C. Oosterlo, Belinda van't Land, Wilco de Jager, Nicole B. Rutten, Margot Klopping, Johan Garssen, Arine M. Vlieger, Ruurd M. van Elburg
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Immunology
Marit Zuurveld, Nikita P. van Witzenburg, Johan Garssen, Gert Folkerts, Bernd Stahl, Belinda van't Land, Linette E. M. Willemsen
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Veronica Ayechu-Muruzabal, Saskia A. Overbeek, Atanaska I. Kostadinova, Bernd Stahl, Johan Garssen, Belinda van't Land, Linette E. M. Willemsen
Article
Immunology
Veronica Ayechu-Muruzabal, Ling Xiao, Tjalling Wehkamp, Ingrid van Ark, Elisabeth J. Hoogendoorn, Thea Leusink-Muis, Gert Folkerts, Johan Garssen, Linette E. M. Willemsen, Belinda Van't Land
Summary: The fermentation product from Bifidobacterium breve C50 and Streptococcus thermophilus 065 may enhance immune response by promoting Th1- and Th17-type cytokines in vitro. In vivo, dietary intervention with this product increased vaccine-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, indicating a potential positive impact on adaptive immunity. Although no effects were observed on humoral immunity and specific T-cell responses, increased levels of systemic galectin-3 and galectin-4 ratios were correlated with enhanced DTH response, suggesting a shift in immune balance.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Negisa Seyed Toutounchi, Saskia Braber, Astrid Hogenkamp, Soheil Varasteh, Yang Cai, Tjalling Wehkamp, Sebastian Tims, Thea Leusink-Muis, Ingrid van Ark, Selma Wiertsema, Bernd Stahl, Aletta D. Kraneveld, Johan Garssen, Gert Folkerts, Belinda van't Land
Summary: Dietary intervention with specific mixtures of trans-galactosyl-oligosaccharides (TOS) can attenuate the adverse effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) on immune responses and gut homeostasis. The use of TOS improved immune responses, restored immune cell balance, and increased SCFA concentrations in the gut.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Arthur H. van Stigt, Katrien Oude Rengerink, Kitty W. M. Bloemenkamp, Wouter de Waal, Sabine M. P. J. Prevaes, Thuy-My Le, Femke van Wijk, Maaike Nederend, Anneke H. Hellinga, Christianne S. Lammers, Gerco den Hartog, Martijn J. C. van Herwijnen, Johan Garssen, Leon M. J. Knippels, Lilly M. Verhagen, Caroline G. M. de Theije, Alejandro Lopez-Rincon, Jeanette H. W. Leusen, Belinda Van't Land, Louis Bont
Summary: The PRIMA cohort aims to identify novel functions of components in human milk that are protective against respiratory tract infections and allergic diseases early in life through an observational, prospective, and multi-center birth study. It will provide new insights into immunomodulatory components in human milk by collecting and analyzing human milk samples in relation to clinical data.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Francesca A. Ververs, Suzanne E. Engelen, Roos Nuboer, Bas Vastert, Cornelis K. van der Ent, Belinda van't Land, Johan Garssen, Claudia Monaco, Marianne Boes, Henk S. Schipper
Summary: This study investigated iNKT cell function in adolescents with chronic diseases and immunometabolic abnormalities, finding that obese adolescents had a Th1-skewed iNKT cell cytokine response possibly influenced by circulating immunometabolic factors such as lipoproteins.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Negisa Seyed Toutounchi, Saskia Braber, Belinda Van't Land, Suzan Thijssen, Johan Garssen, Aletta D. Kraneveld, Gert Folkerts, Astrid Hogenkamp
Summary: The study found that perinatal exposure to DON can negatively impact immune development in offspring, leading to enhanced allergic immune response to food allergens in female offspring and decreased immune response to influenza vaccine in male offspring. This suggests that maternal exposure to DON during pregnancy and lactation may have lasting effects on the immune system of offspring.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Veronica Ayechu-Muruzabal, Melanie van de Kaa, Reshmi Mukherjee, Johan Garssen, Bernd Stahl, Roland J. Pieters, Belinda van't Land, Aletta D. Kraneveld, Linette E. M. Willemsen
Summary: Prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) can support mucosal immune development by enhancing regulatory-type Th1 immune polarization and the secretion of epithelial-derived galectin. Among them, DP3-sized beta-3'galactosyllactose (beta-3'GL) showed the most effective immunomodulatory capacity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Veronica Ayechu-Muruzabal, Bente Poelmann, Alinda J. Berends, Nienke Kettelarij, Johan Garssen, Belinda van't Land, Linette E. M. Willemsen
Summary: This study explores the protective capacity of bioactive components in human milk against viral infections in early life, specifically in the prevention of enteric viral infections. The effects of 2'FL, abundantly present in human milk, on intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and innate immune cells were studied, shedding light on mucosal host-defense mechanisms upon viral triggers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Marit Zuurveld, Pien C. J. Kiliaan, Sophie E. L. van Grinsven, Gert Folkerts, Johan Garssen, Belinda van't Land, Linette E. M. Willemsen
Summary: The study reveals that food allergens activate intestinal epithelial cells, leading to mucosal immune responses. Human milk oligosaccharides can modulate the allergic phenotype by shaping immune cell development and responses.
JOURNAL OF INNATE IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Reproductive Biology
Negisa Seyed Toutounchi, Saskia Braber, Belinda van't Land, Suzan Thijssen, Johan Garssen, Gert Folkerts, Astrid Hogenkamp
Summary: Exposure to the food contaminant Deoxynivalenol (DON) during pregnancy can negatively affect the placental barrier, immune function, and fetal survival. This study highlights the importance of maternal diet quality during pregnancy in order to minimize the harmful effects of commonly present food contaminants.
REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Marit Zuurveld, Pien C. J. Kiliaan, Sophie E. L. van Grinsven, Gert Folkerts, Johan Garssen, Belinda van't Land, Linette E. M. Willemsen
Summary: This study investigates the development of mucosal immunity after allergen exposure and demonstrates the role of human milk oligosaccharides in shaping the immune response to alleviate allergic symptoms.
JOURNAL OF INNATE IMMUNITY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Allergy
Seyed N. Toutounchi, S. Braber, B. Van't Land, S. Thijssen, J. Garssen, A. D. Kraneveld, G. Folkerts, A. Hogenkamp
