Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Annamaria Docimo, Ludovica Verde, Luigi Barrea, Claudia Vetrani, Pasqualina Memoli, Giacomo Accardo, Caterina Colella, Gabriella Nosso, Marcello Orio, Andrea Renzullo, Silvia Savastano, Annamaria Colao, Giovanna Muscogiuri
Summary: This study investigated the association between chronotype and glycemic control, antidiabetic treatment, and risk of developing complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results showed that evening chronotype individuals had higher levels of glycated hemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose, as well as a higher prevalence of cardiovascular complications. Additionally, their glycemic control was poorer. Therefore, controlling chronotype may be important for patients with type 2 diabetes.
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Foteini Tsouki, Anna Williams
Summary: The review highlights the significant role of microglia in gray matter changes in MS, particularly in neuronal loss and cortical atrophy. Microglia exhibit regional heterogeneity within the central nervous system, showing their ability to provide context-dependent responses tailored to the demands of their microenvironment.
Article
Neurosciences
Chang Li, Rongbing Jin, Kaijun Liu, Yang Li, Zhiwei Zuo, Haipeng Tong, Jingna Zhang, Junfeng Zhang, Yu Guo, Yuqi Lai, Jinju Sun, Jian Wang, Kunlin Xiong, Xiao Chen
Summary: The study revealed that T2DM-MCI patients exhibited significant reduction in white matter volume compared to T2DM-NC patients, mainly in regions such as the temporal lobe, frontal lobe, and limbic system. The white matter volume of the left posterior cingulate, precuneus, insula, and right rostral middle frontal gyrus showed high diagnostic value for detecting cognitive impairment in T2DM patients, serving as independent imaging biomarkers for early identification.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Haoming Huang, Xiaomeng Ma, Xiaomei Yue, Shangyu Kang, Yawen Rao, Wenjie Long, Yi Liang, Yifan Li, Yuna Chen, Wenjiao Lyu, Jinjian Wu, Xin Tan, Shijun Qiu
Summary: This study used diffusion tensor imaging and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) to investigate the microstructural alterations in the gray matter (GM) of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The results showed widespread GM neuritic density loss in T2DM patients, which occurred before measurable macrostructural alterations. The cortical intracellular volume fraction (ICVF) values provided valuable diagnostic information regarding the early GM microstructural alterations in T2DM. The support vector machine model achieved a high accuracy of 74% in classifying T2DM versus healthy controls (HCs).
BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rosanna Capparelli, Domenico Iannelli
Summary: Epigenetic marks the genome through DNA methylation, histone modification, or non-coding RNAs, guiding cells to respond to environmental cues and maintain stable gene expression. Studies have revealed associations between DNA methylation and conditions such as body mass index, obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes, highlighting the potential therapeutic value of epigenetic research.
Article
Immunology
Qian Liu, Mohammad Iqbal H. Bhuiyan, Ruijia Liu, Shanshan Song, Gulnaz Begum, Cullen B. Young, Lesley M. Foley, Fenghua Chen, T. Kevin Hitchens, Guodong Cao, Ansuman Chattopadhyay, Li He, Dandan Sun
Summary: Our study shows that NHE1 protein is involved in astrogliosis induced by CCH, and its blockade has potential for reducing astrogliosis, demyelination, and cognitive impairment.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Cong Zhou, Jie Li, Man Dong, Liangliang Ping, Hao Lin, Yuxin Wang, Shuting Wang, Shuo Gao, Ge Yu, Yuqi Cheng, Xiufeng Xu
Summary: This meta-analysis examined white matter microstructural alterations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and found reductions in fractional anisotropy in the left inferior network, corpus callosum, and left olfactory cortex. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum and BMI in the patient group.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ehtasham Ahmad, Soo Lim, Roberta Lamptey, David R. Webb, Melanie J. Davies
Summary: Type 2 diabetes accounts for nearly 90% of global diabetes cases, with an increasing number of affected individuals, particularly among young people. Early detection and proactive management are crucial for preventing complications and reducing mortality. Technology and precision medicine offer potential improvements to treatment outcomes but face significant barriers.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elisabeth Solana, Eloy Martinez-Heras, Victor Montal, Eduard Vilaplana, Elisabet Lopez-Soley, Joaquim Radua, Nuria Sola-Valls, Carmen Montejo, Yolanda Blanco, Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas, Maria Sepulveda, Magi Andorra, Joan Berenguer, Pablo Villoslada, E. H. Martinez-Lapiscina, Ferran Prados, Albert Saiz, Juan Fortea, Sara Llufriu
Summary: In multiple sclerosis, the diffusion rate and volume changes of gray matter show differential spatial predominance in different brain regions as the disease progresses. Furthermore, microstructural integrity loss and atrophy at different stages are associated with white matter lesion load and physical and cognitive disability.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Caixia Zang, Hui Liu, Cheng Ju, Fangyu Yuan, Jingwen Ning, Meiyu Shang, Xiuqi Bao, Yang Yu, Xinsheng Yao, Dan Zhang
Summary: The study found that GJ-4 has the ability to repair white matter damage, possibly by promoting the expression of myelin-related proteins and regulating neuroinflammatory function to improve cognition. These findings support GJ-4 as a potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease and white matter related diseases.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Xiongjie Fu, Guoyang Zhou, Jianfeng Zhuang, Chaoran Xu, Hang Zhou, Yucong Peng, Yang Cao, Hanhai Zeng, Jianru Li, Feng Yan, Lin Wang, Gao Chen
Summary: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating form of stroke with high morbidity, mortality, and disability rates. Research indicates that the development of white matter injury (WMI) following ICH is complex and determines the prognosis of patients. Comprehensive treatment and understanding the relationship between WMI and other brain cells may reveal therapeutic targets for ICH.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Mahsa Dadar, Olivier Potvin, Richard Camicioli, Simon Duchesne
Summary: The study investigated the impact of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on FreeSurfer gray matter (GM) structure volumes, finding higher overlaps of WMHs with GM volumes in several brain structures for participants with higher WMH volumes. Uncorrected caudate volumes increased with age, with no difference between cognitively healthy individuals and probable Alzheimer's disease patients. However, after correcting for WMHs, caudate volumes decreased with age and Alzheimer's disease patients had lower caudate volumes than cognitively healthy individuals. The presence of WMHs can lead to systematic inaccuracies in GM segmentations and change clinical associations, affecting cognitive performance assessments.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Albert M. Isaacs, Jeffrey J. Neil, James P. McAllister, Sonika Dahiya, Leandro Castaneyra-Ruiz, Harri Merisaari, Haley E. Botteron, Dimitrios Alexopoulous, Ajit George, Peng Sun, Diego M. Morales, Joshua Shimony, Jennifer Strahle, Yan Yan, Sheng-Kwei Song, David D. Limbrick, Christopher Smyser
Summary: This study used diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) to investigate the neurologic deficits of neonatal post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH). The results showed that infants with PHH had severe white matter abnormalities and specific patterns of axonal and myelin injury, fiber loss, cellular infiltration, and inflammation. The study also found a correlation between increasing ventricular size and worse DBSI metrics.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jacopo Angelini, Davide Marangon, Stefano Raffaele, Davide Lecca, Maria P. Abbracchio
Summary: The study identified a significant increase of GPR17-expressing cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, mainly accumulating in the normal appearing white matter (NAWM) with moderate inflammation. Additionally, two distinct subpopulations of GPR17-expressing oligodendroglial cells were found in the white matter of healthy controls and MS patients, characterized by different morphologies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sara Pietracupa, Daniele Belvisi, Claudia Piervincenzi, Silvia Tommasin, Gabriele Pasqua, Nikolaos Petsas, Maria Ilenia De Bartolo, Andrea Fabbrini, Matteo Costanzo, Nicoletta Manzo, Alfredo Berardelli, Patrizia Pantano
Summary: This study aimed to identify white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) abnormalities in early PD patients and their correlations with motor and non-motor symptom severity. Results showed that PD patients exhibited lower WM fractional anisotropy and higher mean, axial, and radial diffusivity. There were also correlations between cognitive performance and WM fractional anisotropy values. Smaller cerebellar volumes in early PD patients were also found. No GM changes were observed in subcortical or cortical regions.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Behavioral Sciences
Nori Geary, Suzanne Higgs
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Elif Naz Coker, Rachel Pechey, Kerstin Frie, Susan A. Jebb, Cristina Stewart, Suzanne Higgs, Brian Cook
Summary: A study found that displaying dynamic descriptive social norms in in-store restaurants of a major retail chain in the UK did not significantly impact the percentage sales of meat- vs plant-based dishes. Implementation of the intervention showed inconsistencies and challenges in a complex food purchasing environment.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Laura L. Wilkinson, Rochelle Embling, Hollie Raynor, Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, Suzanne Higgs, Michelle D. Lee
Summary: Studies have extensively researched the formulation of multi-component food-items, but there is a lack of research literature on the effects of these foods on eating behavior compared to single component food-items. Previous research has explored the effects of different foods on food intake, portion size selection, and palatability.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Michael P. Gardner, Jingya Wang, Jonathan M. Hazlehurst, Chris Sainsbury, Jacqueline Blissett, Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar, Neil Thomas, Srikanth Bellary
Summary: This study explored the impact of ethnicity, deprivation, and age on the progression from pre-diabetes to type 2 diabetes. The results showed that individuals of South Asian or Mixed-Race ethnicity and those facing social deprivation have an increased risk of progressing to type 2 diabetes from pre-diabetes.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Alice R. Kininmonth, Moritz Herle, Emma Haycraft, Claire Farrow, Helen Croker, Abigail Pickard, Katie Edwards, Jacqueline Blissett, Clare Llewellyn
Summary: Parental feeding practices are important in shaping children's food environments. This study found that certain feeding practices had differential effects on children's eating behaviors based on their appetite avidity. These findings highlight the importance of providing tailored feeding advice to caregivers based on their child's unique appetite. Overall, this study is important for understanding the influence of feeding practices on children's eating behaviors. Evaluation: 9 out of 10.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sonya S. S. Deschenes, Amy McInerney, Finiki Nearchou, Brendan Byrne, Arie Nouwen, Norbert Schmitz
Summary: Depression and anxiety may increase the risk of progressing from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes. Individuals with combined prediabetes and elevated depressive symptoms are at the highest risk of developing diabetes.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alice R. Kininmonth, Moritz Herle, Kristiane Tommerup, Emma Haycraft, Claire Farrow, Helen Croker, Abigail Pickard, Katie Edwards, Jacqueline Blissett, Clare Llewellyn
Summary: Parental feeding practices may be influenced by their child's weight and appetite traits. A twin study found that parents' feeding practices were related to their child's appetite traits. Within twin pairs, parents exerted more pressure on the twin with poorer appetite.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Alice R. R. Kininmonth, Moritz Herle, Emma Haycraft, Clare Farrow, Kristiane Tommerup, Helen Croker, Abigail Pickard, Katie Edwards, Jacqueline Blissett, Clare Llewellyn
Summary: Parental feeding practices and children's eating behaviors are reciprocally related, with certain practices nurturing and encouraging higher emotional overeating and greater enjoyment of food in preschool years. These findings provide valuable insights for tailored feeding interventions.
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Congxin Sun, Elena Seranova, Malkiel A. Cohen, Miruna Chipara, Jennie Roberts, Dewi Astuti, Adina M. Palhegyi, Animesh Acharjee, Lucia Sedlackova, Tetsushi Kataura, Elsje G. Otten, Prashanta K. Panda, Samuel Lara-Reyna, Miriam E. Korsgen, Kevin J. Kauffman, Alejandro Huerta-Uribe, Malgorzata Zatyka, Luiz F. S. E. Silva, Jorge Torresi, Shupei Zhang, Georgina W. Hughes, Carl Ward, Erich R. Kuechler, David Cartwright, Sergey Trushin, Eugenia Trushina, Gaurav Sahay, Yosef Buganim, Gareth G. Lavery, Joerg Gsponer, Daniel G. Anderson, Eva-Maria Frickel, Tatiana R. Rosenstock, Timothy Barrett, Oliver D. K. Maddocks, Daniel A. Tennant, Haoyi Wang, Rudolf Jaenisch, Viktor I. Korolchuk, Sovan Sarkar
Summary: Autophagy is a crucial process for cellular survival, and its dysfunction is associated with human diseases like neurodegeneration. In this study, autophagy-deficient neurons were generated to investigate the impact of autophagy loss on neuronal survival. It was found that autophagy-deficient neurons exhibited basal cytotoxicity and metabolic defects. Depletion of NAD due to hyperactivation of NAD-consuming enzymes triggered cell death in these neurons. Boosting intracellular NAD levels improved cell viability by restoring mitochondrial bioenergetics and proteostasis. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the link between autophagy deficiency and neuronal cell death, offering potential therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative and lysosomal storage diseases with autophagic defects.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Malgorzata Zatyka, Tatiana R. Rosenstock, Congxin Sun, Adina M. Palhegyi, Georgina W. Hughes, Samuel Lara-Reyna, Dewi Astuti, Alessandro di Maio, Axel Sciauvaud, Miriam E. Korsgen, Vesna Stanulovic, Gamze Kocak, Malgorzata Rak, Sandra Pourtoy-Brasselet, Katherine Winter, Thiago Varga, Margot Jarrige, Helene Polveche, Joao Correia, Eva-Maria Frickel, Maarten Hoogenkamp, Douglas G. Ward, Laetitia Aubry, Timothy Barrett, Sovan Sarkar
Summary: Wolfram syndrome (WS) is a rare early-onset neurodegenerative disease that is associated with mitochondrial abnormalities. The loss of interaction between WFS1 and VDAC1 in WS cells can compromise mitochondrial function, but restoring WFS1 levels can improve mitochondrial function and network. Therefore, targeting WFS1 or modulating mitochondrial function may provide a therapeutic intervention for WS and similar diseases.
Article
Biology
Suzanne Higgs
Summary: Cognition plays a key role in human eating behavior and disruptions to cognitive processes can lead to overeating and potential weight gain. This review examines the evidence on cognition as a causal factor in the development of obesity in humans. Meta-analyses suggest a cross-sectional association between cognitive function and obesity, even after controlling for other factors. However, there is also evidence suggesting a bidirectional relationship between obesity and cognitive function, making it unclear whether cognitive disruptions are a primary cause of obesity in humans.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Elizabeth Martin, Colin T. Dourish, Suzanne Higgs
Summary: The association between ADHD symptoms and disordered eating is mediated by deficits in interoception and negative mood. Reliance on hunger/satiety cues is a mediator of the relationship between inattentive symptoms and both restrictive and binge-type eating. Interoceptive accuracy is the most important facet of interoception in the relationship between inattentive symptoms and binge-type eating.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Miriam E. Korsgen, Congxin Sun, Elena Seranova, Malgorzata Zatyka, Dewi Astuti, Tetsushi Kataura, Timothy Barrett, Viktor I. Korolchuk, Sovan Sarkar
Summary: This article presents a method for generating autophagy-deficient human neurons from human embryonic stem cells and provides detailed analysis of autophagy loss and cell death.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Friederike Elsner, Lea Ellen Matthiessen, Dominika Srednicka-Tober, Wolfgang Marx, Adrienne O'Neil, Ailsa A. Welch, Richard Peter Hayhoe, Suzanne Higgs, Marja van Vliet, Ephimia Morphew-Lu, Renata Kazimierczak, Rita Goralska-Walczak, Klaudia Kopczynska, Thea Steenbuch Krabbe Bruun, Beatriz Philippi Rosane, Susanne Gjedsted Bugel, Carola Strassner
Summary: The INSUM project aims to develop research approaches to measure the health effects of sustainable and healthy diets. Questionnaires are commonly used to investigate the nexus between diet and mental health and social wellbeing. Explorative research designs are required for studying complex Eco-Regions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Rebecca A. Stone, Jacqueline Blissett, Emma Haycraft, Claire Farrow
Summary: Emotionally eating children tend to consume high-sugar and high-fat foods. This study explored how induced mood condition, parental feeding practices, and child temperament interact to predict the kilocalories consumed by 4-5-year-old children in a laboratory setting. The results showed that children who experienced boredom consumed significantly more kilocalories than those in the control condition, and children with high negative affect who had parents using food to regulate emotions also consumed more kilocalories from sweet food when experiencing boredom compared to the control condition.
FOOD QUALITY AND PREFERENCE
(2023)
