Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY
Volume 84, Issue 3, Pages 499-508Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2014.12.011
Keywords
Pacemaker; Cardiac device; Implantable cardio-defibrillators; Complications; Cardiovascular imaging
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Chest X-ray is the imaging technique of choice for an initial study of pacemakers and implantable cardio-defibrillators (ICD). Radiologists have an important role in the evaluation of its initial placement and in the assessment during its follow-up. For this reason, it is necessary to know not only the different existing devices and its components but also the reasons of malfunction or possible complications. The purpose of this article is to do a systematic review of the different types of pacemakers and ICD. We review their usual radiological appearances, the possible complications which might take place and its causes of malfunctioning. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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