Review
Cell Biology
Angela R. R. Bunning, Mohan L. L. Gupta Jr.
Summary: Accurate chromosome segregation is essential for cell and organismal viability. The mitotic spindle, composed mainly of dynamic microtubules, plays a crucial role in this process by forming a bipolar configuration and generating tension across sister kinetochores. Recent advances have shed light on the role of tension as a biophysical signal that ensures accurate chromosome segregation by destabilizing aberrant kinetochore-microtubule attachments and reinforcing correct connections.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Soumitra Polley, Helen Mueschenborn, Melina Terbeck, Anna De Antoni, Ingrid R. Vetter, Marileen Dogterom, Andrea Musacchio, Vladimir A. Volkov, Pim J. Huis In 't Veld
Summary: During cell division, the Ndc80 complex plays a crucial role in linking chromosomes to spindle microtubules. This study demonstrates that the Ndc80 loop promotes direct interactions between adjacent Ndc80 complexes, which are necessary for stable end-on kinetochore-microtubule attachment and spindle assembly checkpoint satisfaction. Mutations in the loop impair these interactions and lead to cell arrest in mitosis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wei Yue, Yue Wang, Tie-Gang Meng, Hong-Yong Zhang, Xin-Ran Zhang, Ying-Chun Ouyang, Yi Hou, Heide Schatten, Zhen-Bo Wang, Qing-Yuan Sun
Summary: This study investigates the role of outer kinetochore protein KNL1 in mouse oocytes and reveals its critical function in ensuring timely and accurate chromosome segregation during oocyte meiotic maturation.
Review
Cell Biology
Yuqing Zhang, Chunlin Song, Lei Wang, Hongfei Jiang, Yujing Zhai, Ying Wang, Jing Fang, Gang Zhang
Summary: This review summarizes the research progress on the role of Bub1 in mitosis over the past three decades. The studies have revealed that Bub1 plays important roles in checkpoint regulation and chromosome alignment. The essentiality of Bub1 in higher eukaryotic cells is discussed, along with some unresolved questions raised for future study.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aurelien Courtois, Shuhei Yoshida, Osamu Takenouchi, Kohei Asai, Tomoya S. Kitajima
Summary: This study demonstrates the importance of stable kinetochore-microtubule attachments in confining MTOC positions at spindle poles and limiting spindle elongation in acentriolar spindles. The gradual MTOC sorting process in the metaphase spindle is crucial for maintaining spindle integrity. Disruption of stable kinetochore-microtubule attachments leads to failure in MTOC confinement and spindle elongation termination.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ayumu Yamamoto
Summary: Accurate chromosome segregation is crucial for cell proliferation and sexual reproduction. While the mechanisms of attachment selection and elimination are not fully understood, recent studies suggest that chromosome oscillation may play a role in the elimination of erroneous attachments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Babhrubahan Roy, Janice Sim, Simon J. Y. Han, Ajit P. Joglekar
Summary: The study investigates the interaction between Spc105 and Kre28 in budding yeast KTs. The results show that Spc105 and Kre28 localize at the KT with a 1:1 stoichiometry, and their interaction is important for Spc105 turnover and mutual recruitment at the KTs.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Babhrubahan Roy, Simon J. Y. Han, Adrienne N. Fontan, Soubhagyalaxmi Jema, Ajit P. Joglekar
Summary: Accurate chromosome segregation during cell division requires proper attachment between the spindle apparatus and the chromosomes. This is ensured by the combined activity of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and an error correction mechanism. Research has shown that Aurora B kinase directly promotes the production of the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) and works downstream of Mps1 in promoting SAC signaling.
Article
Biology
William Conway, Robert Kiewisz, Gunar Fabig, Colm P. Kelleher, Hai-Yin Wu, Maya Anjur-Dietrich, Thomas Mueller-Reichert, Daniel J. Needleman
Summary: During eukaryotic cell division, the distribution of kinetochore microtubules (KMTs) in the mitotic spindle is crucial for accurate chromosome segregation. This study investigates the processes that give rise to the observed distribution of KMTs in human cells. The results suggest that KMTs grow away from kinetochores along defined trajectories, with longer KMTs growing more slowly than shorter ones, leading to a mathematical model of kinetochore-fiber self-organization in human mitotic spindles.
Article
Cell Biology
Janet K. Jang, Amy C. Gladstein, Arunika Das, Joanatta G. Shapiro, Zachary L. Sisco, Kim S. McKim
Summary: The study highlights the critical role of PP2A in maintaining spindle assembly and sister chromatid cohesion in Drosophila oocytes, showing an interplay with Aurora B activity.
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marin Barisic, Girish Rajendraprasad
Summary: Recent research has shown that in human cells, the continuous poleward motion of microtubules in mitotic spindles is driven by four mitotic kinesins, with specific contributions at different stages of mitosis. While the molecular mechanism behind this cellular phenomenon has been elucidated, the functional roles of microtubule poleward flux during cell division remain largely unknown.
Article
Biology
Nicolas Macaisne, Laura Bellutti, Kimberley Laband, Frances Edwards, Laras Pitayu-Nugroho, Alison Gervais, Thadshagine Ganeswaran, Helene Geoffroy, Gilliane Maton, Julie C. Canman, Benjamin Lacroix, Julien Dumont
Summary: During cell division, the microtubule-based spindle plays a crucial role in chromosome segregation. The interaction between spindle microtubules and kinetochores is essential for the proper alignment and segregation of chromosomes. This study focuses on a kinetochore module called the BHC module, which consists of BUB-1, HCP-1/2, and CLS-2, and shows that it stabilizes microtubules, promoting spindle formation and accurate chromosome segregation.
Review
Cell Biology
Andrew D. McAinsh, Geert J. P. L. Kops
Summary: The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is crucial for correct chromosome segregation during cell division. It monitors the interaction of chromosomes with spindle microtubules and halts anaphase until all kinetochores are properly attached. Recent studies have provided insights into the dynamic signaling properties of SAC and its integration at mammalian kinetochores, which have multiple attachment points.
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Andrew D. McAinsh, Adele L. Marston
Summary: This paper presents the components, assembly, structure, and function of kinetochores. The authors outline a blueprint for kinetochore assembly and discuss how functions are mapped onto this architecture. They also explore how the underlying chromatin influences kinetochore shape.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kazuhiko S. K. Uchida, Minji Jo, Kota Nagasaka, Motoko Takahashi, Norihisa Shindo, Katsushi Shibata, Kozo Tanaka, Hiroshi Masumoto, Tatsuo Fukagawa, Toru Hirota
Summary: The spindle-assembly checkpoint delays anaphase onset in response to microtubule vacancy at kinetochores. Kinetochore stretching is found to be essential for checkpoint silencing by promoting PP1 phosphatase recruitment. Lower frequency of kinetochore stretching is associated with prolonged metaphase in cancer cell lines with chromosomal instability.
Article
Oncology
Kemei Zhang, Yinjiao Shi, Ensheng Wang, Li Wang, Qingbo Hu, Yibo Dai, Haiyan Xu, Jiaou Zhang, Ping Jin, Xueqin Chen, Jing Shu
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Kemei Zhang, Ensheng Wang, Yang Li, Haiyan Xu, Jiaou Zhang, Xuhong Wang, Jing Shu
JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kemei Zhang, Shisi Huang, Haiyan Xu, Jiaou Zhang, Ensheng Wang, Yang Li, Changling Zhu, Jing Shu
Summary: This study investigated the role of postoperative GnRH-a therapy before intrauterine insemination (IUI) in infertile females with stage I-II endometriosis. The results showed that the clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate were higher in the GnRH-a group compared to the control group. However, it is recommended to discontinue IUI after three failed attempts in patients with stage I-II endometriosis.
ANNALS OF MEDICINE
(2022)
