Review
Oncology
Hiroko Miyagi, Elizabeth Kwenda, Brian H. Ramnaraign, Jonathan A. Chatzkel, Wayne G. Brisbane, Padraic O'Malley, Paul L. Crispen
Summary: Bladder cancer is the second most common urologic malignancy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy is the standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Predicting patients' response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is important to avoid unnecessary toxicities and delays in surgery. This review summarizes different predictors and ongoing clinical trials to assist urologists and oncologists in treating bladder cancer.
Review
Oncology
Giandomenico Roviello, Martina Catalano, Raffaella Santi, Matteo Santoni, Ilaria Camilla Galli, Andrea Amorosi, Wojciech Polom, Ugo De Giorgi, Gabriella Nesi
Summary: Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is a common cancer with various treatment approaches, and immunotherapy and targeted therapy have shown promising results in extending survival.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Hadi Shsm, Usama A. Fahmy, Nabil A. Alhakamy, Mohd G. Khairul-Asri, Omar Fahmy
Summary: The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in neoadjuvant treatment for bladder cancer before radical cystectomy shows promising results, but further studies with extended follow-up are needed to determine the true impact on survival benefits.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Giuseppe Basile, Marco Bandini, Ewan A. Gibb, Jeffrey S. Ross, Daniele Raggi, Laura Marandino, Tiago Costa de Padua, Emanuele Crupi, Renzo Colombo, Maurizio Colecchia, Roberta Lucian, Luigi Nocera, Marco Moschini, Alberto Briganti, Francesco Montorsi, Andrea Necchi
Summary: The PURE-01 study confirms the sustained efficacy of neoadjuvant immune-checkpoint inhibitor therapy in patients with muscle-invasive urothelial bladder carcinoma (MIBC). PD-L1 expression is the strongest predictor of sustained response post-RC.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Joshua S. Jue, Tulay Koru-Sengul, Feng Miao, Maria C. Velasquez, Luis F. Savio, Mahmoud Alameddine, Zachary A. Kroeger, Sanoj Punnen, Dipen J. Parekh, Chad R. Ritch, Mark L. Gonzalgo
Summary: The study found that patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy had better 5-year survival rates and less disease progression. Therefore, neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with radical cystectomy can improve survival rates for patients with T2-T4, N0, M0 bladder cancer.
MINERVA UROLOGY AND NEPHROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Anastasia C. Hepburn, Nicola Lazzarini, Rajan Veeratterapillay, Laura Wilson, Jaume Bacardit, Rakesh Heer
Summary: Chemotherapy prior to bladder removal benefits muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients, but identifying responders remains a challenge. A novel gene set and CNGB1 show promise as biomarkers, but require further validation.
Article
Oncology
Carlos Stecca, Timur Mitin, Srikala S. Sridhar
Summary: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the standard treatment for MIBC patients undergoing RC. However, the survival benefits of NAC prior to bladder preserving approaches are still controversial.
SEMINARS IN RADIATION ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Raquel Catarino, Luisa Alves, Diogo Pereira, Gabriel Costa, Joao Pereira, Andre Cardoso, Isaac Braga, Rui Freitas, Tiago Correia, Manuel Cerqueira, Frederico Carmo Reis, Francisco Lobo, Vitor Silva, Sanches Magalhaes, Antonio Morais, Rui Prisco
Summary: The study evaluated the role of variant histology in neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in bladder cancer patients. Results showed that patients with variant histology had lower likelihood of tumor downstaging and worse cancer-specific survival compared to those with pure urothelial carcinoma. Further studies and genetic analysis are needed to identify patients likely to achieve better outcomes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
INTERNATIONAL UROLOGY AND NEPHROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Thomas F. Monaghan, Dennis J. Robins, Nicholas R. Suss, Connelly D. Miller, Viktor X. Flores, Matthew T. Smith, Jeffrey P. Weiss, Brian K. McNeil, Andrew G. Winer
Summary: The study identified that age, disease severity, cancer stage, income, distance to treatment center, treatment in certain programs, and year of diagnosis were independent predictors of receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy in bladder cancer patients. Access to transportation and social resources also impact the likelihood of receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Andrew T. Gabrielson, Marcus J. Daniels, Julian Rowe, Ridwan Alam, Esther J. Lee, Andres Matoso, Anthony De Felice, Noah Hahn, Jean Hoffman-Censits, Trinity J. Bivalacqua, Max Kates
Summary: The study aims to better define surrogate endpoints for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) trials in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The results show that patients with residual carcinoma in-situ (CIS) after NAC and radical cystectomy (RC) have similar survival outcomes compared to those with a complete response (CR).
UROLOGIC ONCOLOGY-SEMINARS AND ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Hongzhe Shi, Wen Zhang, Xingang Bi, Dong Wang, Zejun Xiao, Youyan Guan, Kaopeng Guan, Jun Tian, Hongsong Bai, Linjun Hu, Chuanzhen Cao, Weixing Jiang, Zhilong Hu, Jin Zhang, Yan Chen, Shan Zheng, Xiaoli Feng, Changling Li, Yexiong Li, Jianhui Ma, Yueping Liu, Aiping Zhou, Jianzhong Shou
Summary: This study focused on assessing the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in MIBC patients, highlighting the satisfactory bladder preservation rate, prognosis, and bladder function achieved by definite responders. The complete response rate reflected the true efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for MIBC, suggesting the potential benefits of this therapy for bladder preservation should be further studied through multicenter research.
CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT
(2021)
Letter
Oncology
Dirk Bohmer, Arne Gruen
Summary: The authors comment on a paper published in Current Oncology Reports in 2020, disagreeing with a major recommendation due to lack of evidence. This response is considered important for readers of Current Oncology Reports.
CURRENT ONCOLOGY REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Hye Won Lee, Whi-An Kwon, La Ngoc Thu Nguyen, Do Thanh Truc Phan, Ho Kyung Seo
Summary: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy is the standard treatment for eligible muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients. However, there is a growing interest in bladder preservation as an alternative strategy, despite the discrepancies between clinical and pathologic complete response. This review discusses the issues associated with using clinical complete response as a marker for bladder preservation and patient selection in muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
Article
Oncology
Matteo Ferro, Ottavio de Cobelli, Gennaro Musi, Giuseppe Lucarelli, Daniela Terracciano, Daniela Pacella, Tommaso Muto, Angelo Porreca, Gian Maria Busetto, Francesco Del Giudice, Francesco Soria, Paolo Gontero, Francesco Cantiello, Rocco Damiano, Fabio Crocerossa, Abdal Rahman Abu Farhan, Riccardo Autorino, Mihai Dorin Vartolomei, Matteo Muto, Michele Marchioni, Andrea Mari, Luca Scafuri, Andrea Minervini, Nicola Longo, Francesco Chiancone, Sisto Perdona, Pietro De Placido, Antonio Verde, Michele Catellani, Stefano Luzzago, Francesco Alessandro Mistretta, Pasquale Ditonno, Vincenzo Francesco Caputo, Michele Battaglia, Stefania Zamboni, Alessandro Antonelli, Francesco Greco, Giorgio Ivan Russo, Rodolfo Hurle, Nicolae Crisan, Matteo Manfredi, Francesco Porpiglia, Giuseppe Di Lorenzo, Felice Crocetto, Carlo Buonerba
Summary: In a multicenter retrospective study involving patients with urothelial bladder cancer, receiving three cycles of neoadjuvant cisplatin-gemcitabine was found to be equally effective, with potentially lower long-term toxicity, compared to four cycles.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Thomas W. Flaig, Catherine M. Tangen, Siamak Daneshmand, Ajjai Shivaram Alva, M. Scott Lucia, David James McConkey, Dan Theodorescu, Amir Goldkorn, Matthew I. Milowsky, Rick Bangs, Gary R. MacVicar, Bruno R. Bastos, Jared S. Fowles, Daniel L. Gustafson, Melissa Plets, Ian M. Thompson Jr, Seth P. Lerner
Summary: This article mainly evaluated the predictive role of the COXEN gene expression model in neoadjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancer, and conducted a secondary analysis of the association between COXEN scores and event-free survival and overall survival.
Article
Oncology
Makoto Matsushita, Kazutoshi Fujita, Koji Hatano, Takuji Hayashi, Hisako Kayama, Daisuke Motooka, Hiroaki Hase, Akinaru Yamamoto, Toshihiko Uemura, Gaku Yamamichi, Eisuke Tomiyama, Yoko Koh, Taigo Kato, Atsunari Kawashima, Motohide Uemura, Satoshi Nojima, Ryoichi Imamura, Aysha Mubeen, George J. Netto, Kazutake Tsujikawa, Shota Nakamura, Kiyoshi Takeda, Eiichi Morii, Norio Nonomura
Summary: The consumption of Western high-fat diets is considered a major risk factor for prostate cancer. A study found that these diets can lead to dysbiosis in the gut microbiota, contributing to the growth of inflammatory prostate cancer. It was also discovered that histamine signaling plays a role in this process.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Haider A. Mejbel, Shuko Harada, Todd M. Stevens, Xiao Huang, George J. Netto, Alexander C. Mackinnon, Sameer Al Diffalha
Summary: MEIS1::NCOA1/2 sarcomas are rare low-grade tumors that often affect the genitourinary and gynecologic tracts. They can be diagnostically challenging due to their similarity to other entities, but molecular pathology plays a crucial role in arriving at an accurate diagnosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Chandrakumar Shanmugam, Michael Behring, Vishwas Luthra, Sixto M. Leal, Sooryanarayana Varambally, George J. Netto, Upender Manne
Summary: Accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 is necessary to control the COVID-19 pandemic. The study reviewed 85 studies from five regions and identified issues in the early-phase diagnosis of COVID-19. Serological testing can complement and reduce false negative results from RT-PCR.
Article
Oncology
Darshan Shimoga Chandrashekar, Santhosh Kumar Karthikeyan, Praveen Kumar Korla, Henalben Patel, Ahmedur Rahman Shovon, Mohammad Athar, George J. Netto, Zhaohui S. Qin, Sidharth Kumar, Upender Manne, Chad J. Creighton, Sooryanarayana Varambally
Summary: UALCAN is a web portal for exploring, analyzing, and visualizing cancer genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data, providing researchers with valuable insights into gene, protein, and pathway alterations in cancer, as well as evaluating patient survival data.
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Jaylou M. Velez Torres, Manuel Lora Gonzalez, Ernesto Martinez Duarte, Bassel Zein-Sabatto, Manju Aron, Nilesh S. Gupta, Darcy A. Kerr, George J. Netto, Merce Jorda, Oleksandr N. Kryvenko
Summary: In this study, the features of pseudocarcinomatous urothelial hyperplasia (PCUH) in urine cytology were described. The results showed that PCUH features in urine cytology can overlap with nonurothelial malignancies and lead to misdiagnosis initially.
ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Urology & Nephrology
George J. Netto, Mahul B. Amin, Eva M. Comperat, Anthony J. Gill, Arndt Hartmann, Holger Moch, Santosh Menon, Maria R. Raspollini, Mark A. Rubin, John R. Srigley, Puay Hoon Tan, Satish K. Tickoo, Toyonori Tsuzuki, Samra Turajlic, Ian Cree, Daniel M. Berney
Letter
Urology & Nephrology
Mark A. Rubin, Mahul B. Amin, Eva Comperat, Anthony Gill, Arndt Hartman, Santosh Menon, Maria Raspollini, John Srigley, Puay Hoon Tan, Satish Ticktoo, Toyonori Tsuzuki, Samra Turajlic, Ian Cree, Daniel Berney, Holger Moch, George J. Netto
Article
Cell Biology
S. Menon, H. Moch, D. M. Berney, I. A. Cree, J. R. Srigley, T. Tsuzuki, E. Comperat, A. Hartmann, G. Netto, M. A. Rubin, A. J. Gill, S. Turajlic, P. H. Tan, M. R. Raspollini, S. K. Tickoo, M. B. Amin
Summary: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the penis. The 2022 WHO classification reinforces the 2016 classification and subclassifies precursor lesions and tumors into human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated and HPV-independent types. The use of p16 immunohistochemistry is practical for differentiating HPV-associated from HPV-independent penile SCC. The classification and reporting of scrotal tumors is provided for the first time in the fifth edition of the WHO Blue book, following the schema of penile cancer classification.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Santhosh Kumar Karthikeyan, Nuo Xu, James E. Ferguson III, Soroush Rais-Bahrami, Zhaohui S. Qin, Upender Manne, George J. Netto, Darshan S. Chandrashekar, Sooryanarayana Varambally
Summary: In this study, publicly available RNA-sequencing and ChIP-seq data were used to identify 15 lncRNAs that are highly correlated with androgen response genes in prostate cancer. AR binding was observed in the promoter regions of 5 lncRNAs, indicating their direct influence by androgen/AR axis and their association with the androgen response pathway.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Kyungho Lee, Elizabeth A. Thompson, Sepideh Gharaie, Chirag H. Patel, Johanna T. Kurzhagen, Phillip M. Pierorazio, Lois J. Arend, Ajit G. Thomas, Sanjeev Noel, Barbara S. Slusher, Hamid Rabb
Summary: T cells in acute kidney injury (AKI) undergo metabolic reprogramming, and targeting the T cell glutamine pathway could be a promising therapeutic approach. Ischemic AKI in mice showed the presence of a distinct T cell subset with altered expression of certain metabolic proteins. Similarly, human nonischemic and ischemic kidney tissue exhibited similar findings. Inhibition of glutamine with JHU083 attenuated renal injury and reduced T cell activation and proliferation in AKI.
Article
Oncology
Edward M. Schaeffer, Sandy Srinivas, Nabil Adra, Yi An, Daniel Barocas, Rhonda Bitting, Alan Bryce, Brian Chapin, Heather H. Cheng, Anthony Victor D'Amico, Neil Desai, Tanya Dorff, James A. Eastham, Thomas A. Farrington, Xin Gao, Shilpa Gupta, Thomas Guzzo, Joseph E. Ippolito, Michael R. Kuettel, Joshua M. Lang, Tamara Lotan, Rana R. Mckay, Todd Morgan, George Netto, Julio M. Pow-Sang, Robert Reiter, Mack Roach, Tyler Robin, Stan Rosenfeld, Ahmad Shabsigh, Daniel Spratt, Benjamin A. Teply, Jonathan Tward, Richard Valicenti, Jessica Karen Wong, Dorothy A. Shead, Jenna Snedeker, Deborah A. Freedman-Cass
Summary: The NCCN Guidelines for Prostate Cancer provide a comprehensive framework for decision-making and management of prostate cancer patients in various disease settings. The guidelines emphasize the importance of individualized treatment plans based on patient preferences and clinical factors.
JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE CANCER NETWORK
(2023)
Review
Pathology
Joa Lobo, Andres M. Acosta, George J. Netto
Summary: This review provides an overview of the progress in molecular biomarkers of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) and sex cord-stromal tumors (SCSTs), focusing on those with greatest potential for clinical application. The diagnosis and treatment selection of testicular tumors pose a challenge for pathologists, and the advancements in molecular biomarker research in this field provide important support for precision medicine.
Article
Oncology
Yuri Tolkach, Vlado Ovtcharov, Alexey Pryalukhin, Marie-Lisa Eich, Nadine Therese Gaisa, Martin Braun, Abdukhamid Radzhabov, Alexander Quaas, Peter Hammerer, Ansgar Dellmann, Wolfgang Hulla, Michael C. Haffner, Henning Reis, Ibrahim Fahoum, Iryna Samarska, Artem Borbat, Hoa Pham, Axel Heidenreich, Sebastian Klein, George Netto, Peter Caie, Reinhard Buettner
Summary: This retrospective study validates a deep learning-based classifier for prostate cancer (PCA) detection and Gleason grading (AI tool) in biopsy samples. The AI tool showed high accuracy in tumor detection and had similar accuracy in Gleason grading compared to experienced pathologists.
NPJ PRECISION ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pathology
Maria Rosaria Raspollini, Eva M. Comperat, Antonio Lopez-Beltran, Rodolfo Montironi, Alessia Cimadamore, Toyonori Tsuzuki, George J. Netto
Summary: The fifth edition of WHO Classification of Tumors series for urinary and male genital tract tumors has been published after six years of the fourth edition. New treatment approaches and molecular data on urological cancers have been implemented during these years. Although morphology remains the basis for taxonomy, a molecular approach and new therapeutic modalities like immunotherapy are emerging. More data is required for the application of these advances in routine pathology practice and patient management.
Article
Pathology
Manju Arona, Darshan S. Chandrashekarc, Sofia Canete-Portilloc, Fadi Brimod, Sean R. Williamsone, Adeboye O. Osunkoyaf, Maria Rosaria Raspollinih, Lakshmi P. Kunjui, Sooryanarayana Varamballyc, Alexander C. Mackinnonc, Shuko Haradac, George J. Nettoc
Summary: Nested urothelial carcinoma (NUC) and large nested urothelial carcinoma (LNUC) of the upper urinary tract are rare tumors. This study provides insights into their clinicopathological and molecular characteristics, revealing better clinical outcomes for LNUC and a higher prevalence of pathogenic mutations in FGFR3 and PIK3CA in LNUC.