Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Matruprasad Rout, Surjya K. Pal, Shiv Brat Singh
Summary: In this study, the microstructure evolution of austenitic stainless steel after deformation at elevated temperatures was investigated through thermo-mechanical processing. The results showed that at temperatures of 900 degrees C and 1000 degrees C, the microstructures of samples held for 2 seconds consisted of deformed grains, while the sample held at 1100 degrees C showed nearly complete recrystallization. The increase in holding time resulted in a decrease in low angle boundaries and an increase in high angle grain boundaries at all three temperatures.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Elisabeta Mirela Cojocaru, Anna Nocivin, Doina Raducanu, Mariana Lucia Angelescu, Ion Cinca, Irina Varvara Balkan, Nicolae Serban, Vasile Danut Cojocaru
Summary: This paper analyzed the hot deformation behavior of UNS S32750 Super-Duplex Stainless Steel during upsetting processing, finding that the steel can be safely deformed between 1050-1275 degrees Celsius with a total deformation of 30%.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Zhijun Gao, Jingyuan Li, Yulai Chen, Yide Wang
Summary: The study shows that the 2507 super duplex stainless steel is not sensitive to strain rate at room temperature, with the ferrite phase being softer than the austenite phase. The strain is mainly accommodated in the ferrite phase initially and then gradually transfers to the austenite phase.
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Fei Gao, Zilong Gao, Qiyong Zhu, Fuxiao Yu, Zhenyu Liu
Summary: The deformation behavior of retained austenite in Q&P treated ferritic stainless steel plays a significant role in its performance. The characteristics of retained austenite, including grain size, location, morphology, and grain orientation, are crucial factors influencing its stability. Retained austenite with high stability contributes to prolonged uniform elongation during deformation. Additionally, both deformation rotation and martensitic transformation of retained austenite contribute to plastic deformation. During deformation, martensite and ferrite accommodate most of the plastic deformation, while the martensitic transformation of retained austenite becomes critical in the final stage of deformation.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiao Zhang, Pei Wang, Dianzhong Li, Yiyi Li
Summary: The heterogeneous deformation behavior of austenite and ferrite in 2205 duplex stainless steel is triggered by the yielding of austenite. As the strain increases, the interaction between austenite and ferrite becomes considerable, leading to back stress and forward stress generated by the pile-up of dislocations.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Milene Yumi Maeda, Motomichi Koyama, Hayato Nishimura, Osvaldo Mitsuyuki Cintho, Eiji Akiyama
Summary: Hydrogen has significant effects on the ductility loss and fracture behavior of nitrogen-doped duplex stainless steel, resulting in quasi-cleavage and intergranular fractures associated with transgranular austenite cracking and ferrite/austenite interface cracking, respectively. Deformation twinning in austenite and nitrogen-related solution hardening are crucial factors leading to brittle-like cracking.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Matruprasad Rout, Shiv Brat Singh, Surjya K. Pal
Summary: The study focused on the texture evolution of 304LN austenitic stainless steel after the hot-deformation process, with specific interest in different temperature and holding time effects on fiber structures. At higher temperatures and longer holding times, the texture became random. Goss component was identified as a major texture component with significant ND and RD rotated cube components.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART B-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MANUFACTURE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jeom Yong Choi, Kyung-Tae Park
Summary: The research investigated the precipitation and phase transformation during the aging of a newly developed Mo-free lean duplex stainless steel. The study found that Cr2N and secondary austenite precipitated during aging, while the formation of sigma phase and carbides was suppressed due to the absence of Mo. Additionally, a zone of Cr and N depletion formed, leading to the consumption of primary austenite and formation of secondary austenite.
METALS AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Bo Wang, Thomas L. Christiansen, Marcel A. J. Somers
Summary: Duplex stainless steel 2205 was annealed to adjust the phase fractions, and then high-temperature solution nitriding was conducted. The influence of phase fractions on nitriding kinetics and the evolution of microstructure during solution nitriding were analyzed using various characterization techniques. It was found that higher ferrite phase fraction resulted in finer grains of nitrogen-stabilized austenite. The slower grain growth in higher ferrite phase fractions could be attributed to phase distribution, alloying element partitioning, and pinning effect by M2N nitrides.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
C. F. G. S. Motaa, L. S. Aota, H. R. Z. Sandim, K. D. Zilnyk, M. J. R. Sandim
Summary: This study investigates the austenite reversion in UNS S32304 lean duplex steel. Unexpected thermal expansion around 545℃ is observed during the reversion process, and the microstructural changes are examined using various techniques. The mechanism and driving force of the reversion are determined based on experimental data and thermodynamic calculations. It is found that the reversion is initially governed by a shear mechanism and then transitions to a diffusion-controlled process at higher temperatures.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wei Wu, Kai Hong Song, Chun Yuan Liu, Cheng Lei Wan, Ping Jiang
Summary: Expansion tube technology is crucial for the oil drilling industry, and the 2205 duplex stainless steel is an ideal material due to its excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. The deformation mechanism and grain orientation of the steel were analyzed using TEM and EBSD, showing that the alpha phase deforms through dislocation slip while the gamma phase deform through twinning-induced plasticity. The comparison of stress states and Taylor factor indicates that the expansion process prefers the deformation of the gamma phase.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Matruprasad Rout, V. Murugabalaji
Summary: In this study, single-pass hot rolling was conducted on 304LN austenitic stainless steel at different initial sample temperatures. Tensile samples were prepared to investigate the variation in through-thickness tensile properties. The microstructure of the rolled samples was examined using the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) technique. Significant differences in ultimate tensile strength (UTS) were observed for the surface of samples rolled at 900 degrees C and 1100 degrees C, while the UTS values along the thickness direction did not differ much for samples rolled at 1000 degrees C. A significant deviation in total elongation was observed for the surface sample. Strain hardening exponent (n), strength coefficient (K), and strain hardening rate (theta) were considered to study the difference in tensile behavior. The through-thickness tensile properties were correlated to the microstructure and texture, which played an important role in the behavior.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Bidyapati Mishra, Vajinder Singh, Rajdeep Sarkar, A. Mukhopadhyay, K. Gopinath, V Madhu, M. J. N. Prasad
Summary: In this study, two different austenitic low-density steels were produced and their hot deformation behavior was studied. The results showed that the low-density steels exhibited similar stress exponent values, but the presence of B2 phase increased the activation energy of deformation. The effect of B2 phase on flow behavior and microstructure evolution was more pronounced at low test temperatures.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Ashish W. Fande, Ravindra Taiwade
Summary: This study investigated the microstructural characteristics of dissimilar tungsten inert gas and activated tungsten inert gas welding of austenitic 202 and super duplex 32760 stainless steel. The use of flux was found to reduce heat input, minimize hot cracking propensity, and improve mechanical properties. The weldment of activated tungsten inert gas welding exhibited better mechanical properties compared to traditional tungsten inert gas welding.
MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
B. Aashranth, Dipti Samantaray, M. Vasudevan
Summary: This method proposes a new approach using viscoplastic deformation simulations to better represent microstructural features in the manufacture of austenitic stainless steel components. By connecting hot working and cold working stages, it aims to provide deeper insights into microstructural phenomena occurring during the cold working process.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jiangting Wang, Hossein Beladi, Libo Pan, Fang Fang, Jun Hu, Lingxue Kong, Peter D. Hodgson, Ilana Timokhina
Summary: This study successfully used continuous cooling process to achieve interphase precipitation-strengthened ferrite in dual-phase steels, with nano-sized (Ti, Mo) C interphase precipitates forming hardened ferrite phase, providing a new strategy for dual-phase steel production.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ryan DeMott, Nima Haghdadi, Xiaozhou Liao, Simon P. Ringer, Sophie Primig
Summary: Ti-6Al-4 V alloy is widely used in additive manufacturing for biomedical implants and aerospace industries due to its unique manufacturing advantages. Research shows that different microstructure structures are produced through variant selection using three different electron beam scanning strategies. Through 3D electron backscatter diffraction, it is possible to observe the decomposition of α' into microstructures with different morphologies and distributions of variants.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Prashant Pathak, Ilana Timokhina, Subrata Mukherjee, Gregory S. Rohrer, Hossein Beladi
Summary: The crystallographic properties of interfaces in dual-phase steel were investigated, showing that the distribution of interfaces was influenced by the dominant phase transformation mechanism, leading to anisotropic grain boundary plane distribution.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. S. Moyle, N. Haghdadi, X. Z. Liao, S. P. Ringer, S. Primig
Summary: Additive Manufacturing (AM) of metals allows the production of parts with complex designs and advanced properties through controlled texture evolution. This study investigates the effects of laser power and scanning strategy on the microstructure and texture of 17-4 PH during laser powder bed fusion.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Maxwell Moyle, Carina Ledermueller, Zheren Zou, Sophie Primig, Nima Haghdadi
Summary: The study analyzed the microstructure of 316L stainless steel builds produced by additive manufacturing using advanced microscopy techniques. Results showed that changes in processing parameters led to variations in grain structures, texture, and hardness, with additional insights provided into how grains in AM 316L steel accommodate strain.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Nima Haghdadi, Carina Ledermueller, Hansheng Chen, Zibin Chen, Qian Liu, Xiaopeng Li, Gregory Rohrer, Xiaozhou Liao, Simon Ringer, Sophie Primig
Summary: Metal additive manufacturing (AM) often leads to non-equilibrium microstructures with chemical and interfacial instabilities. This study focuses on understanding the phase transformation and mechanical properties of duplex stainless steels during laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF). The as-printed microstructures show significant deviations compared to conventionally manufactured counterparts. A fraction of austenite forms during LPBF, mainly at ferrite-ferrite grain boundaries, through a diffusion-driven phase transformation. Austenite/ferrite boundaries terminate on specific crystal planes dictated by the texture and growth of ferrite. Mechanical properties of AM samples exhibit high strength but relatively low ductility and impact toughness. However, a short heat treatment can revert the microstructure back to its equilibrium state and improve the mechanical properties.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Microscopy
Ryan DeMott, Nima Haghdadi, Charlie Kong, Ziba Gandomkar, Matthew Kenney, Peter Collins, Sophie Primig
Summary: 3D electron backscatter diffraction (3D-EBSD) is a method for obtaining 3-dimensional crystallographic data through serial sectioning. Recent advances in using Xe+ plasma focused ion beam for sectioning, along with a metal-oxide semiconductor based EBSD detector, have improved the balance between volume analyzed and spatial resolution. This method has been applied to studying microstructural phenomena in Ti6Al-4V microstructures, where new algorithms have been developed for 3D data reconstruction and analysis.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ryan DeMott, Nima Haghdadi, Ziba Gandomkar, Xiaozhou Liao, Simon Ringer, Sophie Primig
Summary: Three-dimensional characterization methods, such as 3D electron backscatter diffraction (3D-EBSD), have been utilized to investigate phase transformation and microstructural evolution in multi-phase materials like steel or titanium alloys. Advances in 3D-EBSD methods have enabled in-depth analyses of fine microstructures, revealing different types of 3D interconnectivity formed by various scanning strategies in titanium alloys. These findings offer new insights into the complex branching reported in different titanium microstructures during thermal cycling in electron powder bed fusion (E-PBF).
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Majid Laleh, Nima Haghdadi, Anthony E. Hughes, Sophie Primig, Mike Y. J. Tan
Summary: Duplex stainless steel (DSS) 2205 produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing exhibits improved repassivation ability and localized corrosion resistance after a short post-processing heat treatment, which restores the equilibrium dual-phase microstructure.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
X. Y. He, H. Wang, Z. G. Zhu, L. Z. Wang, J. Q. Liu, N. Haghdadi, S. M. L. Nai, J. Huang, S. Primig, S. P. Ringer, X. Z. Liao
Summary: This study investigated the texture evolution of a high-entropy alloy component fabricated using laser powder bed fusion. It found that the texture evolution varied between different parts of the sample and was closely related to local thermal gradient, which can be manipulated through changing additive manufacturing parameters. The different textures led to significant variations in mechanical properties within the sample.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ahmad Mirzaei, Razieh Ghaderi, Peter D. Hodgson, Xiang Ma, Gregory S. Rohrer, Hossein Beladi
Summary: The influence of parent austenite deformation state on lath martensitic microstructure was examined in this study, revealing significant changes in boundary network connectivity and distribution. Manipulating the intervariant boundary network of lath martensite through changes in parent austenite deformation state can enhance key final product properties.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Michael P. Haines, Vitor V. Rielli, Sophie Primig, Nima Haghdadi
Summary: Metal additive manufacturing has enabled the production of complex Ni-based superalloy parts with reduced waste and lower costs. Understanding the microstructural evolution during the manufacturing process is crucial for identifying material properties and heat treatment requirements.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. S. Hazarabedian, N. Haghdadi, S. Primig, M. Lison-Pick, M. Z. Quadir, M. Ferry, M. Iannuzzi
Summary: This study focuses on the investigation of intergranular phases in nickel alloy 725 and their impact on hydrogen embrittlement resistance. It was found that the abundant formation of the F phase compromises the alloy's resistance to hydrogen embrittlement. The distribution of grain boundary planes was analyzed and a direct correlation between the F phase precipitation and the population of grain boundaries terminated on (111) planes was observed. The study suggests that controlling the thermomechanical and thermal treatments can improve the resistance of the alloy to hydrogen embrittlement.
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Nana Kwabena Adomako, Nima Haghdadi, James F. L. Dingle, Ernst Kozeschnik, Xiaozhou Liao, Simon P. Ringer, Sophie Primig
Summary: Metal additive manufacturing is an ideal technique for producing complex shaped engineering parts, but advanced control of microstructures and properties through modeling is necessary. This study presents a computational modeling approach to predict and optimize the microstructures and properties during metal additive manufacturing.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Michael P. Haines, Maxwell S. Moyle, Vitor V. Rielli, Vladimir Luzin, Nima Haghdadi, Sophie Primig
Summary: Additive manufacturing can produce intricate geometries with reduced material waste, but inconsistencies in microstructures and mechanical properties can occur due to thermal gyrations. This study investigates the impact of a concentric scan strategy on thermal conditions and phase formation in laser powder bed fusion processed stainless steel. Computational materials science and experimental characterization identify complex phase transformation routes and site-specific control of phase formation and morphology.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nizar Lefi, Salem Neily, Roland Bonnet
Summary: This paper investigates the elastic field in a bi-material crystal with an angular dislocation line with one branch placed in the crystal and the other along a strongly bound or welded interface. The analysis formulates the elastic field of a closed dislocation loop and solves it using the knowledge of the Green's tensor of the bi-material. The study provides a faster calculation method and has important implications for solving interfacial angular dislocation problems.
PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE
(2024)