Article
Pediatrics
Juan D. Chaparro, Jeremy J. Michel, David W. Kimberlin, Elizabeth D. Barnett, Ruth Lynfield, Mark H. Sawyer, Henry H. Bernstein, H. Cody Meissner, Amanda C. Cohn, Karen M. Farizo, Natasha B. Halasa, David Kim, Eduardo Lopez Medina, Denee Moore, Scot B. Moore, Lakshmi Panagiotakopoulos, Laura Sauve, Neil S. Silverman, Jeffrey R. Starke, Kay M. Tomashek
Summary: This statement provides updated recommendations on the routine use of influenza vaccine and antiviral medications in children during the 2021-2022 influenza season. It emphasizes the importance of annual influenza immunization for all children and recommends antiviral treatment for children with suspected or confirmed influenza.
Article
Pediatrics
Sean T. O'Leary, James D. Campbell, Monica I. Ardura, Ritu Banerjee, Kristina A. Bryant, Mary T. Caserta, Chandy C. John, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Athena P. Kourtis, Angela Myers, Pia Pannaraj, Adam J. Ratner, Jose R. Romero, Samir S. Shah, Kenneth M. Zangwill, Yvonne A. Maldonado, Annika M. Hofstetter, Juan D. Chaparro, Jeremy J. Michel, David W. Kimberlin, Elizabeth D. Barnett, Ruth Lynfield, Mark H. Sawyer, Henry H. Bernstein, Karen M. Farizo, Lisa M. Kafer, David Kim, Eduardo Lopez Medina, Denee Moore, Laura Sauve, Jeffrey R. Starke, Jennifer Thompson, Kay M. Tomashek, Melinda Wharton, Charles R. Woods, Jennifer M. Frantz
Summary: This statement updates the recommendations for the routine use of influenza vaccine and antiviral medications in children. It advises annual influenza vaccination for all children, and emphasizes the importance of early initiation of antiviral treatment. Antiviral chemoprophylaxis is recommended for certain individuals as an adjunct to vaccination.
Article
Pediatrics
Summary: This report summarizes recent influenza seasons, morbidity and mortality in children, vaccine effectiveness, vaccination coverage, and provides detailed guidance on storage, administration, and implementation of influenza vaccines.
Article
Pediatrics
Sean T. O'Leary, James D. Campbell, Monica Ardura, Ritu Banerjee, Kristina A. Bryant, Mary T. Caserta, Chandy C. John, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Athena P. Kourtis, Angela Myers, Pia Pannaraj, Adam J. Ratner, Jose R. Romero, Samir S. Shah, Kenneth M. Zangwill
Summary: This technical report accompanies the recommendations by the American Academy of Pediatrics for the use of influenza vaccine and antiviral medications in children during the 2022 to 2023 season. The report provides a summary of recent influenza seasons, morbidity and mortality in children, vaccine effectiveness, and vaccination coverage, and offers guidance on storage, administration, and implementation. It also includes information on inactivated and live attenuated influenza vaccine recommendations, vaccination during pregnancy and breastfeeding, diagnostic testing, and antiviral medications for treatment and prevention.
Article
Immunology
Sara S. Kim, Eric A. Naioti, Natasha B. Halasa, Laura S. Stewart, John Williams, Marian G. Michaels, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Christopher J. Harrison, Mary A. Staat, Elizabeth P. Schlaudecker, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Peter G. Szilagyi, Julie A. Boom, Leila C. Sahni, Janet A. Englund, Eileen J. Klein, Constance E. Ogokeh, Angela P. Campbell, Manish M. Patel
Summary: Influenza vaccine had effectiveness of 71%, 46%, and 45% against A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), and B viruses, respectively in children during the 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 seasons. Vaccination offered substantial protection against severe influenza outcomes requiring hospitalization or emergency department visits among children during high-severity seasons with concerns for vaccine mismatch.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Clotilde El Guerche-Seblain, Thierry Rigoine De Fougerolles, Kim Sampson, Lance Jennings, Paul Van Buynder, Yuelong Shu, Zamberi Sekawi, Leo Yee-Sin, Tony Walls, Olivier Vitoux, J. Kevin Yin, Ada Wong, Francois Schellevis, Philippe Vanhems
Summary: This study compared the influenza surveillance systems of Australia, China, and Malaysia, finding that Australia had the most comprehensive surveillance coverage while China and Malaysia showed some deficiencies. Experts issued recommendations for improvement, such as introducing new surveillance tools, broadening the use of existing tools, and enhancing data sharing and public health communication.
Article
Immunology
Emily T. Martin, Caroline Cheng, Joshua G. Petrie, Elif Alyanak, Manjusha Gaglani, Donald B. Middleton, Shekhar Ghamande, Fernanda P. Silveira, Kempapura Murthy, Richard K. Zimmerman, Arnold S. Monto, Christopher Trabue, H. Keipp Talbot, Jill M. Ferdinands
Summary: The study evaluated the vaccine effectiveness against A(H3N2) during the 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 influenza seasons, finding relatively low effectiveness against the A(H3N2) vaccine virus, especially A/Hong Kong/4801/2014. This suggests ongoing changes in H3N2 antigenic epitopes may impact the vaccine efficacy.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Danuta M. Skowronski, Siobhan Leir, Suzana Sabaiduc, Catharine Chambers, Macy Zou, Caren Rose, Romy Olsha, James A. Dickinson, Anne-Luise Winter, Agatha Jassem, Jonathan B. Gubbay, Steven J. Drews, Hugues Charest, Tracy Chan, Rebecca Hickman, Nathalie Bastien, Yan Li, Mel Krajden, Gaston De Serres
Summary: This study investigates the genetic diversity of influenza A(H3N2) viruses and the impact of vaccination history on vaccine effectiveness. The findings show heterogeneity in vaccine effectiveness and suggest that pivotal mutations and repeat vaccination using unchanged antigen may reduce vaccine effectiveness.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Hangjie Zhang, Xiang Ren, Keqing Tian, Jianxing Yu, Aiqing Zhu, Lijie Zhang, George Fu Gao, Zhongjie Li
Summary: The survey found that there were a high number of influenza cases among children in China and a low influenza vaccine coverage. The main reasons for not getting vaccinated were healthcare workers not recommending the vaccine, lack of knowledge about the vaccine, and lack of confidence in its effectiveness. The findings highlight the importance of awareness about influenza, hygienic behavior, and the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine among children and their family members.
Article
Immunology
Constantina Boikos, Lauren Fischer, Dan O'Brien, Joe Vasey, Gregg C. Sylvester, James A. Mansi
Summary: The study compared the effectiveness of different vaccines in preventing influenza-related medical encounters in adults aged 65 and older. Results showed that aIIV3 demonstrated greater reduction in influenza-related medical encounters compared to IIV4 and HD-IIV3 in both 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 US influenza seasons.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Alessandra M. Campos-Staffico, David Cordwin, Yuting Ding, Corey A. Lester, Robert D. Brook, Jasmine A. Luzum, Michael P. Dorsch
Summary: The study compared drug prescribing recommendations in a large patient population based on different PCEs for assessing 10-year ASCVD risk. Risk reclassification occurred in 26.7% of patients, mainly due to lower risk categories assigned by the updated PCE. Some patients no longer met the threshold for statin and/or antihypertensive drug therapy with the updated PCE, suggesting fewer patients may receive pharmacotherapy for ASCVD primary prevention.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Piret Loiveke, Toomas Marandi, Tiia Ainla, Krista Fischer, Jaan Eha
Summary: Adherence to guideline-recommended medications for secondary prevention of myocardial infarction has improved in Estonia, but there is still room for enhancement, emphasizing the need for systematic guideline implementation and increased attention to secondary prevention of MI.
BMC CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Gabriella Di Giuseppe, Giovanna Paduano, Sara Vaienna, Giuseppe Maisto, Concetta Paola Pelullo, Maria Pavia
Summary: This study found that among parents in Southern Italy, only a small percentage were aware of and adhered to the recommendations for influenza vaccination for healthy children. Parents with higher adherence shared some common characteristics, such as better knowledge about childhood vaccinations, awareness of influenza prevention, belief in the usefulness of vaccination, and receiving information from physicians.
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Mohana P. Kunasekaran, Aditi Mongha, Abrar A. Chughtai, Christopher J. Poulos, David J. Heslop, Chandini R. MacIntyre
Summary: This study aimed to analyze national influenza infection control policy documents within aged care settings. The results showed variations in comprehensiveness, stakeholder involvement, and methodological quality among the existing policy documents. The higher scoring documents can serve as a model for aged care providers, while there is room for improvement in terms of physical layout recommendations.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Steve Roessler, Juliane Ankert, Michael Baier, Mathias W. Pletz, Stefan Hagel
Summary: This retrospective cohort study conducted at eight hospitals in Germany aimed to specify the influenza-associated in-hospital mortality during the 2017/2018 flu season, which was the most severe in the past 30 years in the country. It included 1560 patients and found an overall in-hospital mortality rate of 6.7%, with a higher rate of 22.4% in patients treated in the intensive care unit. The study also revealed that influenza was the immediate cause of death in 82.8% of the deceased patients.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Marie E. Wang, Kimberly Felder, Jason G. Newland, Adam L. Hersh, Nipunie S. Rajapakse, Zachary Willis, Ritu Banerjee, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Hayden T. Schwenk, Louise E. Vaz
Summary: The survey revealed that 19% of pediatric antimicrobial stewardship program sites reviewed discharge antimicrobial prescriptions, indicating a potential opportunity for improvement in discharge stewardship during the hospital-to-home transition.
INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Brian T. Fisher, Anna Sharova, Craig L. K. Boge, Sigrid Gouma, Audrey Kamrin, Jesse Blumenstock, Sydney Shuster, Lauren Gianchetti, Danielle Collins, Elikplim Akaho, Madison E. Weirick, Christopher M. McAllister, Marcus J. Bolton, Claudia P. Arevalo, Eileen C. Goodwin, Elizabeth M. Anderson, Shannon R. Christensen, Fran Balamuth, Audrey R. Odom John, Yun Li, Susan Coffin, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Scott E. Hensley
Summary: This study describes the cumulative seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among employees of a large pediatric healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study found that the infection rate among employees was lower than the surrounding community. Providing direct patient care, being Black, and exposure to a confirmed case in a nonhealthcare setting were associated with increased risk of infection.
INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Dustin D. Flannery, Karen M. Puopolo, Nellie Hansen, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Pablo J. Sanchez, Barbara J. Stoll
Summary: The majority of early-onset sepsis pathogens are susceptible to the combination of ampicillin and gentamicin. Broad-spectrum therapy may be considered for high-risk newborns. However, caution is needed as neither the substitution nor addition of a single antimicrobial agent is likely to provide adequate empiric therapy in all cases.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Dustin D. Flannery, Kathleen Chiotos, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Karen M. Puopolo
Summary: Infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, especially those born preterm, are at high risk for infection. Increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance among common neonatal pathogens poses a challenge for optimal management of infections in neonates. Monitoring and prevention of multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections is a research priority in pediatric care.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Derek J. Williams, C. Buddy Creech, Emmanuel B. Walter, Judith M. Martin, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Jason G. Newland, Lee Howard, Meghan E. Hofto, Mary A. Staat, Randolph E. Oler, Bonifride Tuyishimire, Thomas M. Conrad, Marina S. Lee, Varduhi Ghazaryan, Melinda M. Pettigrew, Vance G. Fowler Jr, Henry F. Chambers, Theoklis E. Zaoutis, Scott Evans, W. Charles Huskins
Summary: In a study among children with outpatient CAP, a 5-day antibiotic strategy was found to be superior to a 10-day strategy, resulting in similar clinical response and antibiotic-associated adverse effects, while reducing antibiotic exposure and resistance.
Article
Microbiology
Jumana Samara, Shirin Moossavi, Belal Alshaikh, Van A. Ortega, Veronika Kucharova Pettersen, Tahsin Ferdous, Suzie L. Hoops, Amuchou Soraisham, Joseph Vayalumkal, Deonne Dersch-Mills, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Sagori Mukhopadhyay, Karen Puopolo, Thomas A. Tompkins, Dan Knights, Jens Walter, Harish Amin, Marie-Claire Arrieta
Summary: Probiotics have positive effects on gut microbiome assembly and immunity in premature infants, accelerating microbiome maturation and improving intestinal immune environment.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jiye Kwon, Yong Kong, Martina Wade, Derek J. Williams, Clarence Buddy Creech, Scott Evans, Emmanuel B. Walter, Judy M. Martin, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Jason G. Newland, Meghan E. Hofto, Mary Allen Staat, Henry F. Chambers, Vance G. Fowler, W. Charles Huskins, Melinda M. Pettigrew
Summary: Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is a common side effect of antibiotics. This study found that the gastrointestinal microbiota in children is associated with AAD. Children with higher levels of Bacteroides are less likely to develop AAD. Children with AAD have higher levels of Lachnospiraceae and experience prolonged dysbiosis.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Daniel J. Shapiro, Cary W. Thurm, Matthew Hall, Susan C. Lipsett, Adam L. Hersh, Lilliam Ambroggio, Samir S. Shah, Thomas Brogan, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Carlos G. Grijalva, Anne J. Blaschke, Jonathan D. Cogen, Mark Neuman
Summary: This study found significant variations in viral testing practices among children's hospitals for children with CAP, and these practices were not associated with clinically relevant outcomes. Viral testing may not influence clinical management for many children hospitalized with CAP.
JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ebbing Lautenbach, Keith W. Hamilton, Robert Grundmeier, Melinda M. Neuhauser, Lauri A. Hicks, Anne Jaskowiak-Barr, Leigh Cressman, Tony James, Jacqueline Omorogbe, Nicole Frager, Muida Menon, Ellen Kratz, Lauren Dutcher, Kathleen Chiotos, Jeffrey S. Gerber
Summary: This study developed and validated electronic algorithms for identifying inappropriate antibiotic use in adult outpatients with bronchitis and pharyngitis. The algorithms showed excellent test characteristics and could be used to efficiently assess prescribing among practices and individual clinicians. Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for bronchitis and pharyngitis is common.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Kathleen Chiotos, Jennifer Blumenthal, Juri Boguniewicz, Debra L. Palazzi, Erika L. Stalets, Jessica H. Rubens, Pranita D. Tamma, Stephanie S. Cabler, Jason Newland, Hillary Crandall, Emily Berkman, Robert P. Kavanagh, Hannah R. Stinson, Jeffrey S. Gerber
Summary: In a multicenter study of pediatric intensive care unit patients, it was found that the majority of patients receive antibiotics. However, based on the results of this study, it is estimated that one-third of antibiotic orders are inappropriate.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Todd A. Florin, Douglas Lorenz, Sriram Ramgopal, Rebecca Burns, Daniel Rainwater, Jillian Benedetti, Richard M. Ruddy, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Nathan Kuppermann
Summary: The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and reliability of telemedicine in evaluating children with respiratory concerns. Comparing the examination results with the local clinician, the parent, and the remote clinician, it was found that except for heart rate, all other examination findings had good agreement, indicating that telemedicine respiratory examinations are feasible and reliable for young children.
JOURNAL OF TELEMEDICINE AND TELECARE
(2022)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
William R. Otto, Giyoung Lee, Cary W. Thurm, Adam L. Hersh, Jeffrey S. Gerber
Summary: In this study, the administration of ribavirin in hospitalized children over an 11-year period was described. Most patients had compromised immune systems, and there was variation in the use of ribavirin across different hospitals. Despite the lack of evidence, there was a clear shift towards the use of oral ribavirin.
JOURNAL OF THE PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES SOCIETY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Alain Benitez, Ceylan Tanes, Weiming Hu, Elliot S. Friedman, Jeffrey Gerber, Andrea Kelly, Patricia DeRusso, Hongzhe Li, Eileen Ford, Gary D. Wu, Kyle Bittinger, Babette S. Zemel
Meeting Abstract
Critical Care Medicine
Kathleen Chiotos, Jennifer Whittaker, Deanna Marshall, Katherine Kellom, Charlotte Woods-Hill, Giyoung Lee, Guy Sydney, Heather Wolfe, Hannah Stinson, Jennifer Blumenthal, Nancy McGowan, Joseph Piccione, Jeffrey Gerber
CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Louise E. Vaz, Kimberly K. Felder, Jason G. Newland, Adam L. Hersh, Nipunie S. Rajapakse, Zachary Willis, Ritu Banerjee, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Hayden T. Schwenk, Marie E. Wang
Summary: A national survey of pediatric infectious diseases clinicians found that only 15% of sites required ID consultation for all outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy practices. There were variations in post-discharge care resources and opportunities to increase ID involvement in post-discharge management of serious infections.
JOURNAL OF THE PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES SOCIETY
(2022)