Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Samuel M. Kelly, Amy F. Waterhouse, Anna C. Savage
Summary: The simulation findings suggest that the generation of internal tides is influenced by parameters such as wave drag and wave-mean interaction, with most of the energy being scattered to higher modes and transferred to the nonstationary internal tide.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Kyle C. Cavanaugh, Tom Bell, Maycira Costa, Norah E. Eddy, Lianna Gendall, Mary G. Gleason, Margot Hessing-Lewis, Rebecca Martone, Meredith McPherson, Ondine Pontier, Luba Reshitnyk, Rodrigo Beas-Luna, Mark Carr, Jennifer E. Caselle, Katherine C. Cavanaugh, Rebecca Flores Miller, Sara Hamilton, Walter N. Heady, Heidi K. Hirsh, Rietta Hohman, Lynn Chi Lee, Julio Lorda, James Ray, Daniel C. Reed, Vienna R. Saccomanno, Sarah B. Schroeder
Summary: Surface-canopy forming kelps are crucial for ecosystems, but are under threat from global and local pressures. Remote sensing data is a valuable tool for monitoring kelp forests, but must be carefully selected and tailored to management objectives and regional characteristics. Integration of different datasets and approaches is important for promoting coordination of management strategies.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Trine Bekkby, Ragnhild Ryther Grimm Torstensen, Lars Andreas Holm Grunfeld, Hege Gundersen, Stein Fredriksen, Eli Rinde, Hartvig Christie, Mats Walday, Guri Sogn Andersen, Marijana S. Brkljacic, Luiza Neves, Kasper Hancke
Summary: The growing demand for food has sparked increased interest in seaweed farming worldwide. This study aimed to compare the communities hosted by a kelp farm and wild kelp forests. The results showed that the kelp farm had lower taxa abundance and richness, as well as a lower biodiversity, compared to the wild kelp forests.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kristina O. Kvile, Guri Sogn Andersen, Susanne P. Baden, Trine Bekkby, Annette Bruhn, Ole Geertz-Hansen, Kasper Hancke, Jorgen L. S. Hansen, Dorte Krause-Jensen, Eli Rinde, Henning Steen, Susse Wegeberg, Hege Gundersen
Summary: This study maps and predicts the distribution of kelp forests across the Nordic region using quantitative data. The results show that dense kelp forests are found along the rocky shores of all Nordic countries, except in the brackish Baltic Sea, with the largest areas in Norway, Greenland, and Iceland.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
James J. J. Leichter, Lydia B. B. Ladah, P. Ed Parnell, M. Dale Stokes, Matthew T. T. Costa, James Fumo, Paul K. K. Dayton
Summary: This study describes long-term patterns of Giant Kelp canopy area and recent patterns of nitrate exposure in the water column off the coast of San Diego County. The results show that ocean and climate dynamics are associated with kelp persistence and resilience, and that seasonal upwelling and high-frequency internal waves contribute to the spatial patterns of Giant Kelp in southern California.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Sorush Omidvar, Matheus Fagundes, C. Brock Woodson
Summary: This study fills the gap in previous research on the interaction between tides and winds by including the K-1 tide and shoreward diurnal sea breeze in the model. The results show that the interaction between the K-1 tide and M-2 is constructive and insensitive to the initial phase lag, and wind enhances M-2 conversion.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Christos E. Papoutsellis, Matthieu J. Mercier, Nicolas Grisouard
Summary: This study models linear, inviscid, internal tides generated by the interaction of a barotropic tide with one-dimensional topography. A coupled-mode system (CMS) is derived using a local eigenfunction expansion of the stream function, allowing for both analytical and numerical solutions. The non-uniform barotropic tide affects the baroclinic field locally over topographies with large slopes, and the energy conversion rate is shown to depend on the criticality.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lily Gierke, Nelson C. Coelho, Tarang Khangaonkar, Tom Mumford, Filipe Alberto
Summary: This study described the genetic structure of N. luetkeana and tested different population connectivity models. Four main groups of genetic co-ancestry were found across the species' distribution, with regional differences in genetic diversity.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dennis J. I. Finger, Meredith L. McPherson, Henry F. Houskeeper, Raphael M. Kudela
Summary: The study tested the feasibility of using Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Analysis for long-term monitoring of bull kelp canopy coverage in northern California, identifying a suitable MESMA model and investigating factors affecting monitoring. The results indicate that satellite remote sensing can serve as a broad remote measurement supplementing existing survey methods and increasing continuity of monitoring long-term trends.
REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Cristina Pineiro-Corbeira, Sara Barrientos, Isabella Provera, Manuel E. Garcia, Pilar Diaz-Tapia, Viviana Pena, Ignacio Barbara, Rodolfo Barreiro
Summary: This study highlights the impact of kelp forest decline on the macroalgal understorey, showing that traditional alpha-diversity indicators may not detect significant differences between healthy and degraded reefs. Instead, small-scale spatial beta-diversity decreases significantly due to deforestation, indicating a more comprehensive assessment of the consequences of kelp forest decline.
Article
Oceanography
Matthew D. Rayson, Nicole L. Jones, Gregory N. Ivey, Yankun Gong
Summary: An empirical model of the seasonal variability of the internal tide using seasonal harmonics to modulate the amplitude of the fundamental tidal constituents is presented. The study region, including the Australian North West Shelf (NWS), Timor Sea, and southern Indonesian Islands, is dominated by standing wave interference patterns due to the presence of multiple generation sites. The seasonal harmonic model reveals that temporal shifts in the standing wave patterns coincide with seasonal variations in density stratification, particularly evident within distances of 2-3 internal wave lengths from strong generation sites.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Klaudia Kosek, Piotr Kuklinski
Summary: Kelp forests, found in cool temperate and polar waters, play a crucial role in supporting species diversity, promoting macroalgae productivity, mitigating acidity levels, and enhancing dissolved oxygen concentrations in adjacent waters. They also have a profound impact on seawater chemistry, highlighting their vital role in marine ecosystems.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Peiwen Zhang, Zhenhua Xu, Jia You, Zhanjiu Hao, Baoshu Yin, Yijun Hou, Robin Robertson
Summary: This study uses multi-satellite altimeter data to observe, for the first time, the semidiurnal and diurnal internal tidal energy fields in the Indonesian Banda Sea. The study reveals the complex and inhomogeneous distribution of these internal tides and explores their physical processes. This research provides important insights for understanding and modeling tidal energy transfer and mixing in this region.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Zoe Caspar-Cohen, Aurelien Ponte, Noe Lahaye, Xavier Carton, Xiaolong Yu, Sylvie Le Gentil
Summary: The Lagrangian and Eulerian surface current signatures of a low-mode internal tide propagating through a turbulent balanced flow are compared in idealized numerical simulations. The study found that while the total tidal amplitudes are similar, the Lagrangian tidal signal is more incoherent compared to the Eulerian diagnostics, with larger incoherent amplitudes and comparable or smaller incoherence time scales. The results suggest that the larger level of incoherence in Lagrangian data is due to the deformation of an Eulerian internal tide signal induced by drifter displacements. A theoretical model is proposed to predict Lagrangian autocovariances based on Lagrangian and Eulerian autocovariances as well as the properties of the internal tides and jet.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Qi'an Chen, Liu Yu, Qingxuan Yang, Philip Adam Vetter, Hongzhou Xu, Qiang Xie, Huichang Jiang, Zekai Ni
Summary: This study investigates M-2 tidal energy and tide-induced mixing in the Mariana double ridges using a numerical model and energy analysis, finding that the topography of the double ridges plays an important role in mixing, with the eastern ridge being the main source of baroclinic tide in the Mariana double ridges.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Crystal A. Ng, Fiorenza Micheli
Summary: This study found that herbivores have a significant impact on the survival of juvenile giant kelp. Grazing increased throughout the season and was most strongly correlated with decreasing oxygen variance in spring, which may provide a refuge from grazing. This study highlights the importance of environmental variability in mediating species interactions and habitat persistence.
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Ori Frid, Shahar Malamud, Antonio Di Franco, Paolo Guidetti, Ernesto Azzurro, Joachim Claudet, Fiorenza Micheli, Ruth Yahel, Enric Sala, Jonathan Belmaker
Summary: The positive effect of fully protected marine protected areas (MPAs) on marine biodiversity, and specifically on fishes, has been widely documented. The potential of MPAs to mitigate the impact of adverse climatic conditions has seldom been investigated. This study assessed the effectiveness of MPAs in increasing fish biomass across the Mediterranean Sea and found that while MPAs did increase fish biomass, higher seawater temperatures were associated with decreased fish biomass. Importantly, the rate of decrease in fish biomass with temperature was similar between protected and fished sites.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Benjamin S. Halpern, Carl Boettiger, Michael C. Dietze, Jessica A. Gephart, Patrick Gonzalez, Nancy B. Grimm, Peter M. Groffman, Jessica Gurevitch, Sarah E. Hobbie, Kimberly J. Komatsu, Kristy J. Kroeker, Heather J. Lahr, David M. Lodge, Christopher J. Lortie, Julie S. S. Lowndes, Fiorenza Micheli, Hugh P. Possingham, Mary H. Ruckelshaus, Courtney Scarborough, Chelsea L. Wood, Grace C. Wu, Lina Aoyama, Eva E. Arroyo, Christie A. Bahlai, Erin E. Beller, Rachael E. Blake, Karrigan S. Bork, Trevor A. Branch, Norah E. M. Brown, Julien Brun, Emilio M. Bruna, Lauren B. Buckley, Jessica L. Burnett, Max C. N. Castorani, Samantha H. Cheng, Sarah C. Cohen, Jessica L. Couture, Larry B. Crowder, Laura E. Dee, Arildo S. Dias, Ignacio J. Diaz-Maroto, Martha R. Downs, Joan C. Dudney, Erle C. Ellis, Kyle A. Emery, Jacob G. Eurich, Bridget E. Ferriss, Alexa Fredston, Hikaru Furukawa, Sara A. Gagne, Sarah R. Garlick, Colin J. Garroway, Kaitlyn M. Gaynor, Angelica L. Gonzalez, Eliza M. Grames, Tamar Guy-Haim, Ed Hackett, Lauren M. Hallett, Tamara K. Harms, Danielle E. Haulsee, Kyle J. Haynes, Elliott L. Hazen, Rebecca M. Jarvis, Kristal Jones, Gaurav S. Kandlikar, Dustin W. Kincaid, Matthew L. Knope, Anil Koirala, Jurek Kolasa, John S. Kominoski, Julia Koricheva, Lesley T. Lancaster, Jake A. Lawlor, Heili E. Lowman, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Kari E. A. Norman, Nan Nourn, Casey C. O'Hara, Suzanne X. Ou, Jacqueline L. Padilla-Gamino, Paula Pappalardo, Ryan A. Peek, Dominique Pelletier, Stephen Plont, Lauren C. Ponisio, Cristina Portales-Reyes, Diogo B. Provete, Eric J. Raes, Carlos Ramirez-Reyes, Irene Ramos, Sydne Record, Anthony J. Richardson, Roberto Salguero-Gomez, Erin Satterthwaite, Chloe Schmidt, Aaron J. Schwartz, Craig R. See, Brendan D. Shea, Rachel S. Smith, Eric R. Sokol, Christopher T. Solomon, Trisha Spanbauer, Paris Stefanoudis, Beckett W. Sterner, Vitor Sudbrack, Jonathan D. Tonkin, Ashley R. Townes, Mireia Valle, Jonathan A. Walter, Kathryn Wheeler, William R. Wieder, David R. Williams, Marten Winter, Barbora Winterova, Lucy C. Woodall, Adam S. Wymore, Casey Youngflesh
Summary: Synthesis research in ecology and environmental science is important for improving understanding, advancing theory, identifying research priorities, and supporting management strategies. A virtual workshop with participants from different countries and disciplines was held to discuss how synthesis can address key questions and themes in the field in the next decade. Seven priority research topics and two issues regarding synthesis practices were identified, providing a strategic vision for future synthesis in ecology and environmental science.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shinnosuke Nakayama, WenXin Dong, Richard G. G. Correro, Elizabeth R. R. Selig, Colette C. C. Wabnitz, Trevor J. J. Hastie, Jim Leape, Serena Yeung, Fiorenza Micheli
Summary: Monitoring marine vessel activities is crucial but challenging, especially with limited capacity and resources. Satellite imagery offers a promising solution to observe vessel activities not captured by publicly available tracking data. However, the lack of understanding on its complementarity with existing data hampers its broader use.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Ecology
Elena Gissi, Londa Schiebinger, Rosalia Santoleri, Fiorenza Micheli
Summary: This study investigates the influence of sex on marine organisms, populations, and communities, finding that sex broadly affects the morphology, physiology, behavior, and distribution of organisms and populations. The study also provides methods and guidelines for further incorporating sex into marine biological research.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Beatrice I. Crona, Emmy Wassenius, Malin Jonell, J. Zachary Koehn, Rebecca Short, Michelle Tigchelaar, Tim M. Daw, Christopher D. Golden, Jessica A. Gephart, Edward H. Allison, Simon R. Bush, Ling Cao, William W. L. Cheung, Fabrice DeClerck, Jessica Fanzo, Stefan Gelcich, Avinash Kishore, Benjamin S. Halpern, Christina C. Hicks, James P. Leape, David C. Little, Fiorenza Micheli, Rosamond L. Naylor, Michael Phillips, Elizabeth R. Selig, Marco Springmann, U. Rashid Sumaila, Max Troell, Shakuntala H. Thilsted, Colette C. C. Wabnitz
Summary: Blue foods, sourced in aquatic environments, play a critical role in economies, livelihoods, nutritional security, and cultures worldwide. The Blue Food Assessment has evaluated the significance of blue foods globally, and identified four policy objectives to optimize their contributions to national food systems. These objectives include ensuring nutrient supplies, providing healthy alternatives to terrestrial meat, reducing environmental footprints, and safeguarding the contributions of blue foods to nutrition and livelihoods under a changing climate. The analytical framework provided in this study helps decision makers assess these objectives in different contexts and consider associated co-benefits and trade-offs.
Article
Ecology
Jamie M. McDevitt-Irwin, Douglas J. McCauley, Daniel R. Brumbaugh, Franziska Elmer, Francesco Ferretti, Francis H. Joyce, Timothy D. White, Joseph G. Wible, Fiorenza Micheli
Summary: Consumers play a crucial role in mediating ecological succession. The decline of consumer populations in ecosystems worldwide is a pressing issue, and understanding their ecological role is becoming increasingly urgent. This study investigates the influence of consumers on coral reef succession and demonstrates that their presence or absence affects community variability across space and time. Results suggest that the loss of large fishes, such as from overfishing, can lead to more variable benthic communities, with important implications for ecosystem function and coral reef resilience.
Review
Oceanography
Natalie S. Arnoldi, Steven Y. Litvin, Daniel J. Madigan, Fiorenza Micheli, Aaron Carlisle
Summary: Stable isotope analysis combined with modeled isoscapes and oceanographic data revealed consistent patterns of trophic dynamics and trophic structuring in marine ecosystems. However, the underlying drivers of trophic dynamics differed across regions. Stable isotopic niche analyses and predicted values based on modeled data showed the potential for studying large scale marine trophodynamics and movement patterns of highly mobile marine species.
PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
A. Stock, C. C. Murray, E. J. Gregr, J. Steenbeek, E. Woodburn, F. Micheli, V. Christensen, K. M. A. Chan
Summary: This study reviewed 166 studies on multiple stressors in aquatic ecosystems other than fishing, and identified four gaps in using the Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) modeling platform. These gaps include a lack of studies on multiple stressors, a lack of best practices for defining environmental response functions, a lack of consideration of human dimensions in environmental changes, and a lack of use of statistical research designs for attribution of simulated ecosystem changes. The authors suggest integrating ecological modeling with advances in other subfields of environmental science and computational statistics to fill these gaps.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Nur Arafeh-Dalmau, Carolina Olguin-Jacobson, Tom W. Bell, Fiorenza Micheli, Kyle C. Cavanaugh
Summary: Kelp forests are highly productive ecosystems, but their persistence is uncertain due to human pressure and climate change. We used satellite imagery to map the distribution and persistence of kelp forests in the western Pacific of the USA and found that only a small portion of kelp is protected. Protecting highly persistent kelp is a cost-effective approach to improve the climate resilience of kelp forests.
BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Richard E. Grewelle, Elizabeth Mansfield, Fiorenza Micheli, Giulio De Leo
Summary: This article discusses the widespread and increasing stressors faced by species and ecosystems, and the lack of data for detailed, quantitative risk assessment. To address this issue, researchers have developed EcoRAMS, a tool that provides statistically robust ecological risk assessments of multiple stressors in data-poor contexts.
ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elena Gissi, Londa Schiebinger, Elizabeth A. Hadly, Larry B. Crowder, Rosalia Santoleri, Fiorenza Micheli
Summary: The response of organisms to climate change can vary based on their biological sex. Understanding the interactive effects of sex and climate change at individual and population levels, as well as the cascading effects on communities, is crucial for improving climate adaptation and mitigation strategies.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Murray I. Duncan, Fiorenza Micheli, Thomas H. Boag, J. Andres Marquez, Hailey Deres, Curtis A. Deutsch, Erik A. Sperling
Summary: This study introduces an absolute metabolic index that quantifies the impact of ocean temperature, dissolved oxygen, and organismal mass on the oxygen budget for aerobic metabolism. The index is calibrated using physiological measurements from purple sea urchin and red abalone to determine if it can predict the distribution of these species. Understanding how environmental changes affect the physiology of organisms is crucial for accurate forecasting of species' responses.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Jamie MacMahan, Ed Thornton, Nick Patria, Casey Gon, Mark Denny
Summary: More than half of the world's coastlines are rocky, but the dynamics of rip currents on these topographically complex shores have not been studied. Field experiments on a typical rocky shore have revealed that narrow-banded swells generate low-frequency waves that lead to the formation of set-up, run-up, and mass flux on the shore. Rip currents on rocky shores exhibit differences in scale and forcing mechanism compared to sandy beaches.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ling Cao, Benjamin S. Halpern, Max Troell, Rebecca Short, Cong Zeng, Ziyu Jiang, Yue Liu, Chengxuan Zou, Chunyu Liu, Shurong Liu, Xiangwei Liu, William W. L. Cheung, Richard S. Cottrell, Fabrice DeClerck, Stefan Gelcich, Jessica A. Gephart, Dakoury Godo-Solo, Jessie Ihilani Kaull, Fiorenza Micheli, Rosamond L. Naylor, Hanna J. Payne, Elizabeth R. Selig, U. Rashid Sumaila, Michelle Tigchelaar
Summary: The vulnerability of global aquatic or 'blue' food systems to environmental changes and their spatial impacts have been quantified. Over 90% of global blue food production is at substantial risk from environmental change, with major producers in Asia and the United States facing the greatest threats. Identifying and supporting mitigation and adaptation measures in response to environmental stressors is crucial for developing countries with high risks and limited response capacities.
NATURE SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)