Journal
LANGMUIR
Volume 33, Issue 19, Pages 4863-4869Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00631
Keywords
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Funding
- Office of Naval Research (ONR) [W0014-14-1-2739]
- National Science Foundation (NSF) Instrument Development for Biological Research (IDBR) Grant [DBI-1353757]
- NSF NSC-FO Grant [CBET 1631704]
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)/Microsystems Technology Office (MTO) under the CAMS program [W31P4Q-14-1-0006]
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Div Of Biological Infrastructure [1353757] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Adaptive optical lenses based on the electrowetting principle are being rapidly implemented in many applications, such as microscopy, remote sensing, displays, and optical communication. To characterize the response of these electrowetting lenses, the dependence upon direct current (DC) driving voltage functions was investigated in a low-viscosity liquid system. Cylindrical lenses with inner diameters of 2.45 and 3.95 mm were used to characterize the dynamic behavior of the liquids under DC voltage electrowetting actuation. With the increase of the rise time of the input exponential driving voltage, the originally underdamped system response can be damped, enabling a smooth response from the lens. We experimentally determined the optimal rise times for the fastest response from the lenses. We have also performed numerical simulations of the lens actuation with input exponential driving voltage to understand the variation in the dynamics of the liquid liquid interface with various input rise times. We further enhanced the response time of the devices by shaping the input voltage function with multiple exponential rise times. For the 3.95 mm inner diameter lens, we achieved a response time improvement of 29% when compared to the fastest response obtained using single-exponential driving voltage. The technique shows great promise for applications that require fast response times.
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