Article
Anthropology
Jesse Ribot
Summary: Climate change is a problem of vast scale and significance, encompassing various causes, implications, and responsibilities. Current predominant and ostensibly scientific frameworks for assessing climate-related loss and damage primarily focus on climate events as the main cause, neglecting the numerous non-climatic social and political-economic factors. Re-introducing social factors into the discussion highlights a broader range of causes and potential solutions. However, it is also a controversial approach as it places the responsibility on decisions, policies, and institutions.
JOURNAL OF PEASANT STUDIES
(2022)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Yang Xu, Longkai Li, Marie Evans, Hong Xu, Bengt Lindholm, Juan Jesus Carrero
Summary: This observational study in Sweden found that patients starting peritoneal dialysis (PD) had a higher risk of hospitalization and in-hospital death compared with those on hemodialysis (HD). Common causes of admission were peritonitis and cardiovascular events, with readmission risk not differing between dialysis modalities. Post-discharge monitoring for complications from infections and cardiovascular diseases may help reduce hospital readmissions.
JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Kyung-Shin Lee, Daesung Lim, Jong-Woo Paik, Youn Young Choi, Jaehyun Jeon, Ho Kyung Sung
Summary: This study investigated the incidence of suicide attempts (SAs)-related emergency department (ED) visits among adolescents in Korea from 2016 to 2019 and summarized the corresponding demographic and clinical characteristics. The findings revealed an increasing trend in SA-related ED visits, particularly among females and mid-adolescents.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Aalam Sohal, Hunza Chaudhry, Jay Patel, Nimrat Dhillon, Isha Kohli, Dino Dukovic, Marina Roytman, Kris V. Kowdley
Summary: This study found that the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on alcohol-related hepatitis (ARH) cases in the central valley of California. The study aimed to assess the nationwide impact of COVID-19 on ARH. The results showed a significant increase in the number of ARH cases and mortality rates between 2019 and 2020.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shoko Onodera, Toshifumi Azuma
Summary: This article introduces the important roles of various signaling mediators in the Hh family in different stages of development, and the significance of the Hh pathway in bone tissue development and tumorigenesis. Gorlin syndrome is a skeletal and tumorigenic disorder caused by gain-of-function mutations in Hh signaling. The article first presents the phenotype of Gorlin syndrome and the relationship between genotype and phenotype in bone and craniofacial tissues, including the causative gene as well as other Hh-related genes. Next, the importance of new diagnostic methods using next-generation sequencing and multiple gene panels is discussed. Finally, the article summarizes Hh-related genetic disorders, including cilia disease, and the genetics of Hh-related bone diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Weeberb J. Requia, Heresh Amini, Rajarshi Mukherjee, Diane R. Gold, Joel D. Schwartz
Summary: The study quantified the impact of wildfire-related PM2.5 on hospital admissions due to cardiorespiratory diseases in Brazil from 2008 to 2018. It found that wildfire waves are significantly associated with increased respiratory and circulatory hospital admissions in Brazil, with the North region experiencing the highest increases. This epidemiological evidence highlights the health risks posed by air pollution from wildfires in Brazil.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tingting Ye, Yuming Guo, Gongbo Chen, Xu Yue, Rongbin Xu, Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coelho, Paulo Hilario Nascimento Saldiva, Qi Zhao, Shanshan Li
Summary: The study found that short-term exposure to wildfire-related PM2.5 in Brazil is associated with increased risks of hospital admissions for all-cause, respiratory, and cardiovascular diseases, especially among children and older people. It is important to focus on reducing exposure to wildfire smoke, particularly for the most vulnerable populations.
LANCET PLANETARY HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Nursing
Roger A. Atinga, Lily Yarney, Kingsley Saa-Touh Mort, Joshua A. Gariba, Joana Salifu Yendork
Summary: The study reveals that mental healthcare workers in Ghana are in constant fear of patient violence, affecting safe care delivery. Physical and non-physical violent assaults are associated with gender, occupation, and job tenure. These assaults result in injuries and psychosocial problems for the workers, leading them to perceive the hospital environment as unsafe.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH NURSING
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Esteban Ortiz-Prado, Katherine Simbana-Rivera, Gabriel Cevallos, Lenin Gomez-Barreno, Domenica Cevallos, Alex Lister, Raul Fernandez-Naranjo, Blanca Rios-Touma, Jorge Vasconez-Gonzalez, Juan S. Izquierdo-Condoy
Summary: Despite progress in clean water supply, sanitation, and hygiene knowledge globally, Ecuador still faces a significant public health problem of waterborne diseases. The indigenous population is the most vulnerable group to these diseases, and younger children and the elderly are the most affected.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Harriet Ley, Zuzanna Skorniewska, Paul J. Harrison, Maxime Taquet
Summary: The association between COVID-19 and subsequent neurological and psychiatric disorders has been well established. This study aimed to investigate the risks of those admitted to ICU with COVID-19 and the trajectories of neurological and psychiatric risks in patients admitted to hospital or ICU. The results showed that patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were at a greater risk of various neurological and psychiatric outcomes, while those admitted to ICU had different risk profiles and trajectories compared to patients admitted for other reasons.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Arjun Ganga, Eric J. Kim, Ermias S. Araia, Matthew Hagan, Belinda Shao, Konstantina Svokos, Petra M. Klinge, Deus J. Cielo, Jared S. Fridley, Ziya L. Gokaslan, Steven A. Toms, Patricia Zadnik Sullivan
Summary: The use of all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) poses significant risks, especially for children, who are more likely to suffer head injuries. This study aimed to analyze the annual incidence of ATV-related head injuries, classify injury types, and identify characteristics of the victims. The findings showed a high burden of ATV-related head injuries among children, with an increasing incidence in recent years.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Vu Quoc Dat, Bui Thi Khanh Linh, Giang Bao Kim
Summary: This study on the burden of disease and in-hospital mortality in critical care units in Vietnam found that respiratory diseases were the leading causes of death, with infants and elderly people being at higher risk, and sepsis having the highest in-hospital mortality rate.
Article
Cell Biology
Olga Kopach, Noemi Esteras, Selina Wray, Andrey Y. Abramov, Dmitri A. Rusakov
Summary: Human iPSC lines were used to model tauopathies caused by MAPT mutations, particularly focusing on the IVS10+16 splice-site mutation. Introduction of this mutation led to increased expression of 4R tau isoforms and disrupted neuronal excitability in vitro, demonstrating a causal link between the mutation and altered neuronal activity related to dementia. This study highlights the potential of iPSC lines as a valuable tool for studying human neuropathology associated with tau dysfunction.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
David Uihwan Lee, Reid Ponder, Ki Jung Lee, Ashley Yoo, Gregory Hongyuan Fan, Daniel Jung, Harrison Chou, Keeseok Lee, Olivia Hofheinz, Nathalie Helen Urrunaga
Summary: This study analyzed the healthcare burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients on the US hospital system and found that patients with comorbidities, including mental illness, had increased medical costs, while patients without mental illness had decreased costs.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Giovanni Zuliani, Massimo Gallerani, Elisa Maietti, Roberto Reverberi, Tommaso Romagnoli, Carlo Cervellati, Gloria Brombo
Summary: The prevalence of dementia among hospitalized elderly patients in Italy is examined in this study. The study also identifies the comorbidities associated with dementia, such as delirium, inflammatory diseases, fluid and electrolyte disorders, arterial diseases, skin diseases, and pneumonia and pleurisy. The findings suggest that dementia patients tend to be older, female, have longer hospital stays, and higher mortality rates.
ALZHEIMER DISEASE & ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Annie Herbert, Jon Heron, Maria Barnes, Christine Barter, Gene Feder, Khadija Meghrawi, Eszter Szilassy, Abigail Fraser, Laura D. Howe
Summary: The study found that women who experienced intimate partner violence and abuse had, on average, 26% higher depressive symptom scores after adjusting for confounding factors, while the difference was smaller for men. However, comparing the two groups, there was no evidence that exposure to intimate partner violence and abuse affected the change in depressive symptom scores over time. Therefore, the higher depressive symptoms in this young adult population are likely to be caused by prior vulnerability.
Article
Immunology
Daisy C. P. Crick, Sarah L. Halligan, Laura D. Howe, Rebecca E. Lacey, Golam M. Khandaker, David Burgner, Annie Herbert, Matthew Suderman, Emma L. Anderson, Abigail Fraser
Summary: The study found that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were associated with the chronic inflammation marker GlycA in middle age, but not during adolescence. The total ACE score and emotional neglect were related to higher GlycA levels. Future research should further explore the role of inflammation in mediating the impact of ACEs on adverse health outcomes later in life.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Alice S. Forster, Annie Herbert, Minjoung Monica Koo, Rachel M. Taylor, Faith Gibson, Jeremy S. Whelan, Georgios Lyratzopoulos, Lorna A. Fern
Summary: The association between diagnostic intervals and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), anxiety, and depression in adolescents and young adults with cancer (AYA) was investigated. Longer diagnostic intervals were found to be associated with poorer HRQoL, greater anxiety, and depression.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Family Studies
Matthew A. Jay, Louise Mc Grath-Lone, Bianca De Stavola, Ruth Gilbert
Summary: The study suggests that children receiving children's social care services are more likely to be pushed out of school, especially those with special educational needs.
CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT
(2022)
Article
Criminology & Penology
Annie Herbert, Abigail Fraser, Laura D. Howe, Eszter Szilassy, Maria Barnes, Gene Feder, Christine Barter, Jon Heron
Summary: In this study, categories of different types and frequencies of IPVA victimization were found to be associated with differential rates of negative impact and perpetration. This is consistent with emerging evidence of IPVA differentiation and its variable impact in other populations.
JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Maria Barnes, Eszter Szilassy, Annie Herbert, Jon Heron, Gene Feder, Abigail Fraser, Laura D. Howe, Christine Barter
Summary: This study explored the experiences and pathways of young women who experienced intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA) in their relationships. The findings revealed that early trauma led to isolation and loneliness, which increased the vulnerability to further violence and abuse in young adulthood. The support and listening from teachers were identified as potential ways to break this cycle.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Madeleine L. Smith, Annie Herbert, Amanda Hughes, Kate Northstone, Laura D. Howe
Summary: Non-pharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19 may have disproportionately affected disadvantaged populations. During the first UK lockdown, individuals with adverse childhood experiences and low socioeconomic position were more likely to experience adverse financial and employment consequences, exacerbating social inequalities.
Article
Psychiatry
Ruth M. Blackburn, Jacquie Phillips Owen, Johnny Downs, Ruth Gilbert
Summary: This study examines health service indicators of stress-related presentations in adolescents using Hospital Episode Statistics data for England. The findings show that stress presentations decreased during school closures but increased again after reopening, particularly for girls aged 11-15.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Francesca L. Cavallaro, Ruth Gilbert, Linda P. M. M. Wijlaars, Eilis Kennedy, Emma Howarth, Sally Kendall, Jan van der Meulen, Maria Andreea Calin, Lynne Reed, Katie Harron
Summary: This study investigated an intensive home visiting service for first-time young mothers in England and found that 22.3% of eligible mothers enrolled. There were variations in enrollment rates across different areas, with lower rates in areas with more adolescent mothers. Additionally, only 26% of adolescent mothers with vulnerability markers participated in the program.
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Claire Powell, Gene Feder, Ruth Gilbert, Laura Paulauskaite, Eszter Szilassy, Jenny Woodman, Emma Howarth
Summary: This study aimed to develop core outcome sets for child maltreatment and domestic violence and abuse interventions. Through a consensus process involving two stages, two core outcome sets were identified. These sets reflect shared priorities among stakeholders and help improve consistency in research and practice.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Laura Gimeno, Katherine Brown, Katie Harron, Maria Peppa, Ruth Gilbert, Ruth Blackburn
Summary: Children with congenital heart defects (CHD) in England have a higher risk of being born preterm, but recent trends in long-term survival based on gestational age (GA) are not well understood. This study aimed to quantify changes in survival to age 5 of children with severe CHD by GA. The findings showed that overall survival to age five increased from 87.5% in 2004-2008 to 89.6% in 2012-2016. However, the improvement in survival was driven by increased survival in term children. The study highlights the need for additional support for school-aged children with severe CHD. Rating: 8/10
PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Maria Peppa, Bianca L. De Stavola, Stavros Loukogeorgakis, Ania Zylbersztejn, Ruth Gilbert, Paolo De Coppi
Summary: This study utilized national birth cohort data in England to compare the birth prevalence, relationship with maternal age, and 1-year mortality rates of different subtypes of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). The results showed that the risk of complex CDH was associated with maternal age, and the 1-year mortality rate for complex CDH was slightly higher than for isolated CDH.
PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Eveliina Heikkala, Petteri Oura, Jaro Karppinen, Annie Herbert, Heidi Varis, Maria Hagnas, Ilona Mikkola, Markus Paananen
Summary: This cross-sectional study examined the potential associations between family structure (including 'single-parent family', 'reconstructed family', and 'two-parent family') and multisite musculoskeletal pain in adolescents. The results showed that adolescents living in single-parent families had a 36% higher odds of experiencing multisite musculoskeletal pain compared to those in two-parent families, and belonging to a reconstructed family was associated with a 39% higher odds of multisite musculoskeletal pain.
BMC MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Maria Barnes, Christine Barter, Annie Herbert, Jon Heron, Gene Feder, Eszter Szilassy
Summary: Young people are at a higher risk of experiencing intimate partner violence and abuse (IPVA), which can have severe impacts on their health and well-being. It is important to understand effective responses to IPVA among different groups, as young people often do not seek adult support services.
JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE
(2023)
Article
Medical Informatics
Shabeer Syed, Arturo Gonzalez-Izquierdo, Janice Allister, Gene Feder, Leah Li, Ruth Gilbert
Summary: This study developed ACE indicators to identify ACEs from linked EHRs of mothers and children, and validated the effectiveness of these indicators. The majority of ACEs were primarily recorded in the mother's EHR and by GPs within two years of the child's birth, highlighting the importance of reviewing parental and carer records for clinical responses to children.
LANCET DIGITAL HEALTH
(2022)