Article
Virology
Caroline Tochetto, Dennis M. M. Junqueira, Tavis K. K. Anderson, Danielle Gava, Vanessa Haach, Mauricio E. E. Cantao, Amy L. Vincent L. Baker, Rejane Schaefer
Summary: Through surveillance and analysis of swine herds in Brazil, it was found that human seasonal influenza viruses have entered the pig population at least eight different times, leading to the formation of distinct genetic subgroups. Bidirectional transmission between humans and pigs is a major contributing factor to the global genetic diversity of swine influenza viruses, highlighting the importance of surveillance.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hyun-Jong Lee, Gwanghui Ryu, Ki-Il Lee
Summary: This study compared the symptomatic characteristics of influenza A/H3N2 and A/H1N1 subtypes in primary healthcare settings in Korea. The results showed that the H3N2-dominant season had higher average body temperature and more patients with high fever compared to the H1N1-dominant season. On the other hand, symptoms such as myalgia, cough, and sore throat were more common in the H1N1-dominant season. Antiviral drugs were prescribed to the majority of febrile patients in both seasons.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Qiucheng Yao, Wenhong Mai, Yuexiao Lian, Mengdi Zhang, Qiang Yao, Caiyun Huang, Ye Ge, Zhihui Zhao
Summary: A novel reassortant influenza virus, containing canine H3N2 virus gene segments, was discovered in H3N2 subtype avian influenza viruses isolated from ducks in Leizhou Peninsula, China. The findings suggest multiple reassortment events have occurred in these viruses.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Mengkai Cai, Ping Gan, Xiaokun Hu, Zhanzhuo Mai, Chihai Ji, Heyou Yi, Meidi Li, Shaofang Li, Yikuan Ji, Junmei Huang, Guihong Zhang, Lang Gong
Summary: This study developed a vaccine using virus-like particles (VLPs) that can protect against both EA H1N1 and human-like H3N2 infections. The vaccine induced strong immune responses in mice and provided partial or complete protection against different subtypes of the virus.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Veronica A. Ferrando, Marcel E. Friedrich, Shrey Gandhi, Alexander Mellmann, Doerthe Masemann, Anmari Christersson, Darisuren Anhlan, Linda Brunotte, Monika Stoll, Timm Harder, Martin Beer, Yvonne Boergeling, Stephan Ludwig
Summary: Influenza A viruses, including the H1N1pdm09 virus, cause recurrent epidemics and occasional pandemics in humans. The reassortment of these viruses in swine and their ability to replicate in human lung tissue suggest a possible zoonotic potential. Reassortment frequently occurs in the PB1, PA, and NA segments, resulting in the generation of reassortants that can reach high titers in swine lung cells.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Sanja Trifkovic, Brad Gilbertson, Emily Fairmaid, Joanna Cobbin, Steven Rockman, Lorena E. E. Brown
Summary: The study found a co-selection effect between Udorn NA and PB1 during the reassortment process of influenza viruses, leading to a bias towards Udorn PB1 in reassortant viruses. In an influenza vaccine seed production model, Udorn PB1 was retained in 86% of reassortants after initial co-infection and remained dominant after further passages.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Andrew A. Fulvini, Akaash Tuteja, Jianhua Le, Barbara A. Pokorny, Jeanmarie Silverman, Doris Bucher
Summary: The only effective measure to decrease morbidity and mortality caused by the influenza virus in the human population is worldwide vaccination. The effectiveness of new influenza vaccines are linked to two factors, the correct prediction of the circulating strains in the population in a particular season and the concentration of the HA1 protein in the vaccine formulation. Pharmaceutical manufacturers are under considerable pressure due to time constraints and dedicated resources to deliver vaccine doses.
Article
Immunology
Le Nguyen Minh Hoa, Sheena G. Sullivan, Le Quynh Mai, Arseniy Khvorov, Hoang Vu Mai Phuong, Nguyen Le Khanh Hang, Pham Quang Thai, Le Thi Thanh, Louise Carolan, Dang Duc Anh, Tran Nhu Duong, Juliet E. Bryant, H. Rogier van Doorn, Heiman F. L. Wertheim, Peter Horby, Annette Fox
Summary: This study found that infection with H1N1pdm09 induced durable seroprotection, while infection with H3N2Pe09 did not. This could explain the age differences between A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) cases.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Letter
Immunology
Wanying Sun, Samuel S. M. Cheng, Kristy N. T. Lam, Tsz C. Kwan, Ricky W. K. Wong, Leo H. K. Lau, Gigi Y. Z. Liu, Leo L. H. Luk, John K. C. Li, Haogao Gu, Malik Peiris, Leo L. M. Poon
Summary: A study revealed the presence of a Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus with genes derived from the H9N2 subtype, indicating the reassortment between H9N2 viruses and swine influenza viruses in pigs in China.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Tengfei Liu, Yuhao Huang, Shumin Xie, Lingyu Xu, Junhong Chen, Wenbao Qi, Ming Liao, Weixin Jia
Summary: This study has found that reassorted H3N2 avian influenza viruses may cross the host barrier to infect mammals and humans, highlighting the need for ongoing surveillance.
Article
Virology
Alvaro Lopez-Valinas, Laura Baioni, Lorena Cordoba, Ayub Darji, Chiara Chiapponi, Joaquim Segales, Llilianne Ganges, Jose Nunez
Summary: Swine influenza viruses (SIV) cause a highly contagious disease that can lead to economic losses in the pig industry. Vaccination is commonly used to control SIV, but the presence of pre-existing immunity may affect the virus's evolutionary dynamics. This study analyzed the genomic variations in vaccinated and nonvaccinated pigs after a natural infection to understand the adaptability of SIV.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Vaclav Brazda, Otilia Porubiakova, Alessio Cantara, Natalia Bohalova, Jan Coufal, Martin Bartas, Miroslav Fojta, Jean-Louis Mergny
Summary: The study identified multiple potential G-quadruplex forming sequences in the G4-EA-H1N1 genomes, which could serve as potential therapeutic targets.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chao-Hui Dai, Zhong-Cheng Gao, Jin-Hua Cheng, Li Yang, Zheng-Chang Wu, Sheng-Long Wu, Wen-Bin Bao
Summary: This study revealed the expression profiles of miRNAs, mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in porcine alveolar macrophage cells infected with H1N1 and H3N2 swine influenza viruses. Two ceRNAs, TCONS_00166432-miR10391-MAN2A1 and novel_circ_0004733-miR10391-MAN2A1, were identified to regulate H1N1 and H3N2 infections. The study provided new insights into the molecular mechanism of 3D4/21 cells against swine influenza virus infection by reporting the ceRNA networks involved in the regulation of H1N1 and H3N2 infections.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Ruipeng Lei, Andrea Hernandez Garcia, Timothy J. C. Tan, Qi Wen Teo, Yiquan Wang, Xiwen Zhang, Shitong Luo, Satish K. Nair, Jian Peng, Nicholas C. Wu
Summary: Influenza neuraminidase (NA) has different levels of tolerance to mutations, with antigenic regions showing high mutational tolerance and solvent-exposed regions showing low mutational tolerance. Protein stability is an important factor affecting the fitness of NA mutations. The study's findings on NA's evolutionary potential and biophysical constraints provide insights for NA-based vaccine design.
Article
Biology
Chaiwat Wilasang, Pikkanet Suttirat, Sudarat Chadsuthi, Anuwat Wiratsudakul, Charin Modchang
Summary: This study presents a novel modeling framework based on changes in amino acid sequences and relevant epidemiological data to investigate the competitive evolution and transmission of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses in the United States. The results show that antigenic change plays an essential role in seasonal influenza dynamics.
JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY
(2022)